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Nurfiana 101 17 N 060 - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pengaruh Ekstrak Etanol Daun Afrika (Vernonia amygdalina) Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Gula Darah Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) Jantan Diabetes
Studi Pendidikan Dokter, 2020Co-Authors: Nurfiana 101 17 N 060Abstract:PENGARUH EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN AFRIKA (Vernonia amygdalina) TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR GULA DARAH TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus norvegicus) JANTAN DIABETES Nurfiana*, Nur Syamsi ** *Mahasiswa Kedokteran, Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Tadulako. ** Bagian Farmakologi, Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Tadulako ABSTRAK Diabetes mellitus (DM) adalah penyakit kronis yang angka prevalensinya terus meningkat. Hal ini mengakibatkan peningkatan penggunakan obat antidiabetes jangka panjang dan meningkatnya prevalensi efek samping dari penggunaan obat antidiabetes. Obat herbal menjadi salah satu pilihan alternatif pengobatan DM, salah satunya tanaman Daun Afrika (Vernonia amygdalina) yang memiliki kandungan senyawa kimia berupa flavonoid, saponin, tanin, dan steroid yang telah dipelajari memiliki efek antioksidan dan efek antidiabetes. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak etanol daun afrika (Vernonia amygdalina) terhadap penurunan kadar gula darah pada tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) jantan diabetes. Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimen murni dengan desain pre test dan post test group design. 25 ekor tikus putih jantan dibagi dalam 5 kelompok. Kelompok I adalah kontrol negatif diberikan Na-CMC, 0,5 %. Kelompok II adalah kelompok kontrol positif, diberikan metformin 45 mg/kgBB. Kelompok III, IV dan V adalah kelompok perlakuan, yang diberikan ekstrak etanol daun afrika dengan dosis 100 mg/kgBB, 200 mg/kgBB dan 400 mg/kgBB. Data penelitian di analisis menggunakan uji statistik Kruskal Wallis, terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelima kelompok perlakuan dengan nilai p = 0,000 (p 0,05). Sehingga dapat disimpulkan ekstrak etanol daun afrika (Vernonia amygdalina) dapat menurunkan kadar gula darah tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) jantan diabetes. Ekstrak etanol daun afrika dosis 400 mg/kgBB memiliki penurunan kadar gula darah lebih besar dibandingkan dengan ekstrak etanol daun afrika dosis 100 mg/kgBB dan dosis 200 mg/kgBB. Kata Kunci: Ekstrak etanol daun afrika, Kadar gula darah, Vernonia amygdalina
Oluwaseun Ruth Alara - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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extraction and characterization of bioactive compounds in Vernonia amygdalina leaf ethanolic extract comparing soxhlet and microwave assisted extraction techniques
Journal of Taibah University for Science, 2019Co-Authors: Oluwaseun Ruth Alara, Nour Hamid Abdurahman, Chinonso Ishmael Ukaegbu, Nassereldeen Ahmed KabbashiAbstract:The bioactive compounds in Vernonia amygdalina leaf were extracted using ethanol through Soxhlet and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) techniques. The phytochemical analysis was carried out on th...
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optimization of microwave assisted extraction of flavonoids and antioxidants from Vernonia amygdalina leaf using response surface methodology
Food and Bioproducts Processing, 2018Co-Authors: Oluwaseun Ruth Alara, Nour Hamid Abdurahman, Olusegun Abayomi OlalereAbstract:Abstract In this study, the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) variables were optimized using a face-centered central composite design of response surface methodology for optimal recoveries of total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant capacities (DPPH and ABTS) of Vernonia amygdalina leaf extract. The independent variables were irradiation time (5–15 min), microwave power level (400–600 W), temperature (90–110 °C), and feed-to-solvent ratio (0.08–0.13 g/ml). The ANOVA results showed that TFC, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were significantly (p
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mathematical modelling and morphological properties of thin layer oven drying of Vernonia amygdalina leaves
Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 2017Co-Authors: Oluwaseun Ruth Alara, Nour Hamid Abdurahman, Olusegun Abayomi OlalereAbstract:Abstract In this study, the oven drying behaviour, as well as changes in the morphological appearance of Vernonia amygdalina leaves before and after drying were investigated. The drying experiments were conducted using a universal oven. Vernonia amygdalina leaves were dried at 40, 50 and 60 °C air temperatures. During the drying processes, the air flow rate was held at 1 m/s2 and the samples spread on the drying trays were placed parallel to the direction of air flow. The obtained data were fitted to eleven different mathematical drying models. Four statistical tools, viz, correlation coefficient, mean bias error, sum of the square error, and reduced chi-square were used to analyse the fittings. Amongst the considered drying models, Midilli-Kucuk drying model showed the best fitting in describing the drying behaviour of Vernonia amygdalina leaves. In addition, the effective diffusivities for the three air temperatures ranged from 4.55 × 10−12 to 5.48 × 10−12 m2/s with the activation energy of 8.048 kJ/mol. Moreover, to evaluate the effect of drying conditions on the morphological changes of Vernonia amygdalina leaves, fresh and dried leaves under different conditions were compared. Thus, drying conditions had effects on microstructure of Vernonia amygdalina leaves.
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Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Vernonia amygdalina: A Review
Journal of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology, 2017Co-Authors: Oluwaseun Ruth Alara, Abdurahman Hamid Nour, Abdul Mudalip Siti Kholijah, Olusegun Abayomi OlalereAbstract:Vernonia amygdalina has been a known food and medicinal plants used in Asia and Africa (West Africa) due to its pharmacological effects (antioxidant, anti-diabetes, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-malaria, and among others). The phytochemical studies revealed that this plant is enriched with proteins, fats, fibres, amino acids, minerals, vitamins, and carbohydrates. Many bioactive compounds had been isolated from its extracts. Therefore, this review summarized the overview of the bioactive compounds, phytochemical and pharmacological properties of V. amygdalina as well as its mechanism of action and toxicology.
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ethanolic extraction of flavonoids phenolics and antioxidants from Vernonia amygdalina leaf using two level factorial design
Journal of King Saud University - Science, 2017Co-Authors: Oluwaseun Ruth Alara, Nour Hamid Abdurahman, Olusegun Abayomi OlalereAbstract:Abstract Vernonia amygdalina leaves are mostly consumed in Asia and Africa, due to its potential as a good source of antioxidants. In this study, a two-level factorial design was used to evaluate the significant extraction parameters in achieving higher recovery yield of extract, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidants from Vernonia amygdalina leaf. Microwave-assisted extraction technique was employed using aqueous ethanol. The independent parameters were irradiation time (1–5 min), microwave power level (500–700 W), temperature (60–80 °C), feed-to-solvent ratio (1:8–1:12 g/ml), and ethanol concentration (40–80%). Amongst the examined parameters, ethanol concentration, irradiation time, microwave power level, and feed-to-solvent ratio were significant (p Vernonia amygdalina leaf using MAE technique are significantly affected by ethanol concentration, irradiation time, microwave power and feed-to-solvent ratio.
Olusegun Abayomi Olalere - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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optimization of microwave assisted extraction of flavonoids and antioxidants from Vernonia amygdalina leaf using response surface methodology
Food and Bioproducts Processing, 2018Co-Authors: Oluwaseun Ruth Alara, Nour Hamid Abdurahman, Olusegun Abayomi OlalereAbstract:Abstract In this study, the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) variables were optimized using a face-centered central composite design of response surface methodology for optimal recoveries of total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant capacities (DPPH and ABTS) of Vernonia amygdalina leaf extract. The independent variables were irradiation time (5–15 min), microwave power level (400–600 W), temperature (90–110 °C), and feed-to-solvent ratio (0.08–0.13 g/ml). The ANOVA results showed that TFC, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were significantly (p
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mathematical modelling and morphological properties of thin layer oven drying of Vernonia amygdalina leaves
Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 2017Co-Authors: Oluwaseun Ruth Alara, Nour Hamid Abdurahman, Olusegun Abayomi OlalereAbstract:Abstract In this study, the oven drying behaviour, as well as changes in the morphological appearance of Vernonia amygdalina leaves before and after drying were investigated. The drying experiments were conducted using a universal oven. Vernonia amygdalina leaves were dried at 40, 50 and 60 °C air temperatures. During the drying processes, the air flow rate was held at 1 m/s2 and the samples spread on the drying trays were placed parallel to the direction of air flow. The obtained data were fitted to eleven different mathematical drying models. Four statistical tools, viz, correlation coefficient, mean bias error, sum of the square error, and reduced chi-square were used to analyse the fittings. Amongst the considered drying models, Midilli-Kucuk drying model showed the best fitting in describing the drying behaviour of Vernonia amygdalina leaves. In addition, the effective diffusivities for the three air temperatures ranged from 4.55 × 10−12 to 5.48 × 10−12 m2/s with the activation energy of 8.048 kJ/mol. Moreover, to evaluate the effect of drying conditions on the morphological changes of Vernonia amygdalina leaves, fresh and dried leaves under different conditions were compared. Thus, drying conditions had effects on microstructure of Vernonia amygdalina leaves.
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Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Vernonia amygdalina: A Review
Journal of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology, 2017Co-Authors: Oluwaseun Ruth Alara, Abdurahman Hamid Nour, Abdul Mudalip Siti Kholijah, Olusegun Abayomi OlalereAbstract:Vernonia amygdalina has been a known food and medicinal plants used in Asia and Africa (West Africa) due to its pharmacological effects (antioxidant, anti-diabetes, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-malaria, and among others). The phytochemical studies revealed that this plant is enriched with proteins, fats, fibres, amino acids, minerals, vitamins, and carbohydrates. Many bioactive compounds had been isolated from its extracts. Therefore, this review summarized the overview of the bioactive compounds, phytochemical and pharmacological properties of V. amygdalina as well as its mechanism of action and toxicology.
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ethanolic extraction of flavonoids phenolics and antioxidants from Vernonia amygdalina leaf using two level factorial design
Journal of King Saud University - Science, 2017Co-Authors: Oluwaseun Ruth Alara, Nour Hamid Abdurahman, Olusegun Abayomi OlalereAbstract:Abstract Vernonia amygdalina leaves are mostly consumed in Asia and Africa, due to its potential as a good source of antioxidants. In this study, a two-level factorial design was used to evaluate the significant extraction parameters in achieving higher recovery yield of extract, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidants from Vernonia amygdalina leaf. Microwave-assisted extraction technique was employed using aqueous ethanol. The independent parameters were irradiation time (1–5 min), microwave power level (500–700 W), temperature (60–80 °C), feed-to-solvent ratio (1:8–1:12 g/ml), and ethanol concentration (40–80%). Amongst the examined parameters, ethanol concentration, irradiation time, microwave power level, and feed-to-solvent ratio were significant (p Vernonia amygdalina leaf using MAE technique are significantly affected by ethanol concentration, irradiation time, microwave power and feed-to-solvent ratio.
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effect of drying methods on the free radicals scavenging activity of Vernonia amygdalina growing in malaysia
Journal of King Saud University - Science, 2017Co-Authors: Oluwaseun Ruth Alara, Nour Hamid Abdurahman, S Abdul K Mudalip, Olusegun Abayomi OlalereAbstract:The extracts from Vernonia amygdalina leaves dried using different modes of drying were examined for their antioxidant activities. The component identification was carried out on extract with the highest antioxidant property using GC–MS analysis. Using DPPH, ABTS+ and H2O2 radical scavenging assays, the shade, the sun, oven at 40, 50, and 60 °C dried sample extracts were screened. The obtained scavenging activities were in the order: shade drying > sun drying > oven drying at 40 °C > oven drying at 50 °C > oven drying at 60 °C. The extract from shade-dried sample exhibited the highest activity by scavenging 63.21–92.25% of DPPH, 75.32–93.15% of ABTS+, and 82.53–95.78% of H2O2 radicals, which were higher than those of ascorbic and gallic acid scavenging activities. In addition, the effects of drying methods and extract concentrations on the antioxidant activity of V. amygdalina leaf were significant (p < 0.05). A total number of 11 major compounds were identified from the shade-dried extract viz: phytol (43.69%), (z,z,z)-methyl ester-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid (17.60%), 2-methyl-3-hexanol (6.83%), ethyl ester-9,12-octadecadienoic acid (6.07%), ethyl ester linoleic acid (5.19%), ethyl ester hexadecanoic acid (5.06), heneicosane (4.15%), heptacosane (3.25%), and others are less than 3%. Therefore, it can be deduced that an increase in drying temperature may deteriorate the antioxidant activity of Vernonia amygdalina leaf.
Kitu W.n.ika - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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AKTIVITAS EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN AFRIKA (Vernonia amygdalina Desl.) TERHADAP KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus norvegicu).
2020Co-Authors: Kitu W.n.ikaAbstract:Diabetes melitus adalah suatu kondisi kronis yang terjadi ketika ada peningkatan kadar glukosa dalam darah karena tubuh tidak dapat memproduksi hormon insulin atau memproduksi hormon insulin tetapi tidak cukup dan tidak efektif. Seseorang didiagnosis menderita penyakit diabetes jika kadar glukosa darah puasa ≥ 126 mg/dL dan kadar glukosa darah dua jam setelah makan ≥ 200 mg/dL (Perkeni, 2015). Terapi diabetess melitus melitus yaitu terapi farmakologi dan terapi non farmakologi. Terapi diabetes melitus juga menggunakan obat tradisional salah satunya daun afrika (Vernonia amygdalina Del). Dan afrika memiliki kandungan seperti flavonoid yang dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimental laboratorium dengan pendekatan true experimental design pre test-post test with control group. Penelitian ini menggunakan lima kelompok secara acak yang terdiri dari dua kelompok kontrol dan tiga kelompok eksperimental dengan dosis 240 mg/200 g bb, 320 mg/g bb, 400 mg/g bb dengan pembanding metformin. Kemudian dilakukan pre test dan post test untuk mengetahui kadar glukosa darah dan berat badan tikus. Hasil penelitian ini menjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstraketanol daun afrika (Vernonia amygdalina Del.) dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah dan berat badan dengan dosis 400 mg/200 g bb yang optimal dalam menurunkan kadar glukosa darah.Daun Afrika terbukti memiliki kandungan fito kimia seperti flavonoid, steroid, tannin dan saponin. Namun yang memiliki aktivitas anti diabetes yaitu flavonoid Dengan mekanisme dalam penghambatan fosfodi esterase sehingga kadar cAmp dalam sel beta pancreas meningkat. Hal ini akan merangsang sekresi insulin sehingga terjadi penurunan kadar glukosa darah
Kitu, Ika Wardani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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AKTIVITAS EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN AFRIKA (Vernonia amygdalina Del.) TERHADAP KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus norvegicu).
CHMK Pharmaceutical Scientific Journal, 2020Co-Authors: Kitu, Ika WardaniAbstract:Diabetes melitus adalah suatu kondisi kronis yang terjadi ketika ada peningkatan kadar glukosa dalam darah karena tubuh tidak dapat memproduksi hormon insulin atau memproduksi hormon insulin tetapi tidak cukup dan tidak efektif.Seseorang didiagnosis menderita penyakit diabetes jika kadar glukosa darah puasa ≥ 126 mg/dL dan kadar glukosa darah dua jam setelah makan ≥ 200 mg/dL (Perkeni, 2015). Terapi diabetess melitus melitus yaitu terapi farmakologi dan terapi non farmakologi. Terapi diabetes melitus juga menggunakan obat tradisional salah satunya daun afrika (Vernonia amygdalina Del). Dan afrika memiliki kandungan seperti flavonoid yang dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimental laboratorium dengan pendekatan true experimental design pre test-post test with control group. Penelitian ini menggunakan lima kelompok secara acak yang terdiri dari dua kelompok kontrol dan tiga kelompok eksperimental dengan dosis 240 mg/200 g bb, 320 mg/g bb, 400 mg/g bb dengan pembanding metformin. Kemudian dilakukan pre test dan post test untuk mengetahui kadar glukosa darah dan berat badan tikus. Hasilpenelitianinimenjukkanbahwapemberianekstraketanol daun afrika (Vernonia amygdalina Del.) dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah dan berat badan dengan dosis 400 mg/200 g bb yang optimal dalam menurunkan kadar glukosa darah.Daun Afrika terbukti memiliki kandungan fitokimia seperti flavonoid, steroid, tannin dan saponin. Namun yang memiliki aktivitas antidiabetes yaitu flavonoid dengan mekanisme dalam penghambatan fosfodiesterase sehingga kadar cAmp dalam sel beta pancreas meningkat. Hal ini akan merangsang sekresi insulin sehingga terjadi penurunan kadar glukosa darah. Kata Kunci : Diabetes Melitus, Metformin, Daun Afrika.Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition that occurs when there is an increase in glucose levels in the blood because the body cannot produce the hormone insulin or produce the hormone insulin but is insufficient and ineffective. A person is diagnosed with diabetes if fasting blood glucose levels are ≥ 126 mg / dL and levels blood glucose two hours after eating ≥ 200 mg / dL. Therapy for diabetes mellitus mellitus is pharmacological therapy and non pharmacological therapy. Diabetes mellitus therapy also uses traditional medicine, one of which is African leaves (Vernonia amygdalina Del). And Africa has a content such as flavonoids which can reduce blood glucose levels. This type of research is a laboratory experimental study with a true experimental design approach pre-test post-test with control group. This study used five randomized groups consisting of two control groups and three experimental groups at a dose of 240 mg / 200 g bb, 320 mg / g bb, 400 mg / g bb with a comparison of metformin. Then the pre-test and post-test were carried out to determine the blood glucose level and body weight of the rat. The results of this study indicate that the administration of ethanol extracts of African leaves (Vernonia amygdalina Del.) Can reduce blood glucose levels and body weight with a dose of 400 mg / 200 g bb which is optimal in reducing blood glucose levels. African leaves are proven to have phytochemical contents such as flavonoids, steroids, tannins and saponins. However, those who have antidiabettes are flavonoids with a mechanism in inhibiting phosphodiesterase so that the levels of cAmp in pancreatic beta cells increase. This will stimulate insulin secretion resulting in a decrease in blood glucose levels. Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Metformin, African Leaves
