Verocytotoxin

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Denis Pierard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Verocytotoxin producing escherichia coli o128ab h2 bacteremia in a 27 year old male with hemolytic uremic syndrome
    Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2013
    Co-Authors: Glenn Buvens, Flemming Scheutz, Klara De Rauw, Sandrine Roisin, Gaelle Vanfraechem, Olivier Denis, Frederique Jacobs, Denis Pierard
    Abstract:

    Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) strains of serotype O128ab:H2 were isolated from blood and stool of a 27-year-old male presenting diarrhea-associated hemolytic-uremic syndrome complicated by bacteremia. This report once again illustrates the pathogenic potential of a non-O157 VTEC strain carrying a virulence profile previously associated with mild disease.

  • virulence profiling and disease association of Verocytotoxin producing escherichia coli o157 and non o157 isolates in belgium
    Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, 2012
    Co-Authors: Glenn Buvens, Denis Pierard
    Abstract:

    Abstract Whereas the association of Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) O157:H7 with the hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is well established, the medical importance of many non-O157 ser...

  • incidence and virulence determinants of Verocytotoxin producing escherichia coli infections in the brussels capital region belgium in 2008 2010
    Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2012
    Co-Authors: Glenn Buvens, Flemming Scheutz, Sabine Lauwers, Yves De Gheldre, Anne Dediste, Anneisabelle De Moreau, Georges Mascart, Anne Simon, Daniel Allemeersch, Denis Pierard
    Abstract:

    The incidence of Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) was investigated by PCR in all human stools from Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZB) and selected stools from six other hospital laboratories in Brussels-Capital Region (Belgium) collected between April 2008 and October 2010. Selected stools to be included in this study were those from patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), patients with a history of bloody diarrhea, patients linked to clusters of diarrhea, children up to six years of age, and stools containing macroscopic blood. Verocytotoxin genes (vtx) were detected significantly more frequent in stools from patients with selected conditions (2.04%) as compared to unselected stools from UZB (1.20%) (P=0.001). VTEC were most frequently detected in patients with HUS (35.3%), a history of bloody diarrhea (5.15%), and stools containing macroscopic blood (1.85%). Stools of patients up to 17 years of age were significantly more vtx-positive as compared to those from adult patients between 18 and 65 years old (P=0.022). Although stools from patients older than 65 years were also more frequently positive for vtx as compared to those between 18-65 years, this trend was not significant. VTEC were isolated from 140 (67.9%) vtx-positive stools. One sample yielded two different serotypes, thus, 141 isolates could be characterized. Sixty different O:H serotypes harboring 85 different virulence profiles were identified. Serotypes O157:H7/H- (n=34), O26:H11/H- (n=21), O63:H6 (n=8), O111:H8/H- (n=7), and O146:H21/H- (n=6) accounted for 53.9% of isolates. All O157 isolates carried vtx2, eae, and a complete O island 122 (COI-122); 15 also carried vtx1. Non-O157 isolates (n=107), however, accounted for the bulk (75.9%) of isolates. Fifty-nine (55.1%) were positive for vtx1, 36 (33.6%) for vtx2, and 12 (11.2%) carried both vtx1 and vtx2. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed a wide genetic diversity, however, small clusters of O157, O26 and O63:H6 were identified that could have been part of unidentified outbreaks. Antimicrobial resistance was observed in 63 (44.7%) isolates and 34 (24.1%) showed multi-drug resistance. Our data show that VTEC infections were not limited to patients with HUS or bloody diarrhea. Clinical laboratories should, therefore, screen all stools for O157 and non-O157 VTEC using selective media and a method detecting Verocytotoxins or vtx genes.

  • virulence profiling and quantification of Verocytotoxin producing escherichia coli o145 h28 and o26 h11 isolated during an ice cream related hemolytic uremic syndrome outbreak
    Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, 2011
    Co-Authors: Glenn Buvens, Sabine Lauwers, K De Schrijver, Bjorn Posse, Lieven De Zutter, Denis Pierard
    Abstract:

    Abstract In September–October 2007, a mixed-serotype outbreak of Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) O145:H28 and O26:H11 occurred in the province of Antwerp, Belgium. Five girls aged between 2 and 11 years developed hemolytic uremic syndrome, and seven other coexposed persons with bloody diarrhea were identified. Laboratory confirmation of O145:H28 infection was obtained for three hemolytic uremic syndrome patients, one of whom was coinfected with O26:H11. The epidemiological and laboratory investigations revealed ice cream as the most likely source of the outbreak. The ice cream was produced at a local dairy farm using pasteurized milk. VTEC of both serotypes with indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns were isolated from patients, ice cream, and environmental samples. Quantitative analysis of the ice cream indicated concentrations of 2.4 and 0.03 CFU/g for VTEC O145 and O26, respectively. Virulence typing revealed that the repertoire of virulence genes carried by the O14...

  • antimicrobial resistance testing of Verocytotoxin producing escherichia coli and first description of tem 52 extended spectrum β lactamase in serogroup o26
    Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2010
    Co-Authors: Glenn Buvens, Sabine Lauwers, Pierre Bogaerts, Youri Glupczynski, Denis Pierard
    Abstract:

    We have investigated the antimicrobial resistance of Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) strains isolated from humans, animals, food and environment in Belgium. Resistance was more frequent in human non-O157 as compared to O157 strains from humans or other sources and within non-O157 VTEC, intimin-positive strains were more resistant than intimin-negative strains. We also report the first VTEC producing an IncI1 plasmid-borne blaTEM-52 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase previously associated with Salmonella enterica and E. coli isolates from different origins.

Sabine Lauwers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • incidence and virulence determinants of Verocytotoxin producing escherichia coli infections in the brussels capital region belgium in 2008 2010
    Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2012
    Co-Authors: Glenn Buvens, Flemming Scheutz, Sabine Lauwers, Yves De Gheldre, Anne Dediste, Anneisabelle De Moreau, Georges Mascart, Anne Simon, Daniel Allemeersch, Denis Pierard
    Abstract:

    The incidence of Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) was investigated by PCR in all human stools from Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZB) and selected stools from six other hospital laboratories in Brussels-Capital Region (Belgium) collected between April 2008 and October 2010. Selected stools to be included in this study were those from patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), patients with a history of bloody diarrhea, patients linked to clusters of diarrhea, children up to six years of age, and stools containing macroscopic blood. Verocytotoxin genes (vtx) were detected significantly more frequent in stools from patients with selected conditions (2.04%) as compared to unselected stools from UZB (1.20%) (P=0.001). VTEC were most frequently detected in patients with HUS (35.3%), a history of bloody diarrhea (5.15%), and stools containing macroscopic blood (1.85%). Stools of patients up to 17 years of age were significantly more vtx-positive as compared to those from adult patients between 18 and 65 years old (P=0.022). Although stools from patients older than 65 years were also more frequently positive for vtx as compared to those between 18-65 years, this trend was not significant. VTEC were isolated from 140 (67.9%) vtx-positive stools. One sample yielded two different serotypes, thus, 141 isolates could be characterized. Sixty different O:H serotypes harboring 85 different virulence profiles were identified. Serotypes O157:H7/H- (n=34), O26:H11/H- (n=21), O63:H6 (n=8), O111:H8/H- (n=7), and O146:H21/H- (n=6) accounted for 53.9% of isolates. All O157 isolates carried vtx2, eae, and a complete O island 122 (COI-122); 15 also carried vtx1. Non-O157 isolates (n=107), however, accounted for the bulk (75.9%) of isolates. Fifty-nine (55.1%) were positive for vtx1, 36 (33.6%) for vtx2, and 12 (11.2%) carried both vtx1 and vtx2. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed a wide genetic diversity, however, small clusters of O157, O26 and O63:H6 were identified that could have been part of unidentified outbreaks. Antimicrobial resistance was observed in 63 (44.7%) isolates and 34 (24.1%) showed multi-drug resistance. Our data show that VTEC infections were not limited to patients with HUS or bloody diarrhea. Clinical laboratories should, therefore, screen all stools for O157 and non-O157 VTEC using selective media and a method detecting Verocytotoxins or vtx genes.

  • virulence profiling and quantification of Verocytotoxin producing escherichia coli o145 h28 and o26 h11 isolated during an ice cream related hemolytic uremic syndrome outbreak
    Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, 2011
    Co-Authors: Glenn Buvens, Sabine Lauwers, K De Schrijver, Bjorn Posse, Lieven De Zutter, Denis Pierard
    Abstract:

    Abstract In September–October 2007, a mixed-serotype outbreak of Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) O145:H28 and O26:H11 occurred in the province of Antwerp, Belgium. Five girls aged between 2 and 11 years developed hemolytic uremic syndrome, and seven other coexposed persons with bloody diarrhea were identified. Laboratory confirmation of O145:H28 infection was obtained for three hemolytic uremic syndrome patients, one of whom was coinfected with O26:H11. The epidemiological and laboratory investigations revealed ice cream as the most likely source of the outbreak. The ice cream was produced at a local dairy farm using pasteurized milk. VTEC of both serotypes with indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns were isolated from patients, ice cream, and environmental samples. Quantitative analysis of the ice cream indicated concentrations of 2.4 and 0.03 CFU/g for VTEC O145 and O26, respectively. Virulence typing revealed that the repertoire of virulence genes carried by the O14...

  • antimicrobial resistance testing of Verocytotoxin producing escherichia coli and first description of tem 52 extended spectrum β lactamase in serogroup o26
    Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2010
    Co-Authors: Glenn Buvens, Sabine Lauwers, Pierre Bogaerts, Youri Glupczynski, Denis Pierard
    Abstract:

    We have investigated the antimicrobial resistance of Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) strains isolated from humans, animals, food and environment in Belgium. Resistance was more frequent in human non-O157 as compared to O157 strains from humans or other sources and within non-O157 VTEC, intimin-positive strains were more resistant than intimin-negative strains. We also report the first VTEC producing an IncI1 plasmid-borne blaTEM-52 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase previously associated with Salmonella enterica and E. coli isolates from different origins.

  • Prevalence of subtilase cytotoxin in Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli isolated from humans and raw meats in Belgium
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Glenn Buvens, Sabine Lauwers, Denis Pierard
    Abstract:

    Recently, subtilase cytotoxin (SubAB) was detected in Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) that do not carry the Locus of Enterocyte Effacement (LEE) pathogenicity island. The distribution of the subA gene in VTEC isolated from patients with the hemolytic uremic syndrome, patients with diarrheal disease and raw meats from ruminants and wildlife in Belgium was investigated with PCR. The subA gene was detected more frequently (χ 2 = 10.2; d.f. = 1; P = 0.001) in VTEC from raw meats (10 of 87 strains) than in those from humans (8 of 274 strains), and never in serogroups O157, O26, O103, O111 and O145. This virulence marker could play a role in the development of HUS after infection with LEE-negative VTEC but was only found in one O178:H19 isolate out of 36 HUS-associated VTEC strains.

  • hemolytic uremic syndrome in belgium incidence and association with Verocytotoxin producing escherichia coli infection
    Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 1999
    Co-Authors: Denis Pierard, Anne Dediste, Frederique Jacobs, Willem Proesmans, Guy Cornu, Johan Van De Walke, An Mertens, Jose Ramet, Sabine Lauwers
    Abstract:

    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) in Belgium and to determine the role of Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 and other serotypes (non-O157 VTEC). METHODS: Twenty-two centers, including the seven university hospitals, registered prospectively all cases of HUS; they collected clinical samples for isolation of VTEC strains and serum for detection of specific O-lipopolysaccharide antibodies. RESULTS: Forty-seven cases of HUS (including five incomplete cases) were recorded. Three cases were seen in non-residents. The incidence of complete HUS in Belgian residents was 4.3 cases/100 000 in children <5 years old, 1.8 cases/100 000 when all children <15 years were considered, and 0.42/100 000 when patients of all ages were taken into account. By combining bacteriologic and serologic results, evidence of VTEC infection was obtained in 64% of the patients, mainly but not exclusively in children with prodromal diarrhea. The 13 VTEC isolates belonged to serotypes O157:H7 (nine isolates), O26:H11, O121:H---, O145:H--- and O172:H--- (one each) and all produced VT2 (+VT2vh-a in three O157 strains) and were positive for the eaeA gene. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence rate found in this study and the high mortality and morbidity linked with this syndrome warrant further registration of pediatric and post-diarrheic adult HUS cases and also examination of stools for both O157 and non-O157 VTEC strains. For effective prevention of this disease, further study of the serotypes and accessory virulence factors associated with HUS is needed.

Flemming Scheutz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Antibiotic treatment of Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) infection: a systematic review and a proposal.
    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2015
    Co-Authors: Morten Agger, Steen Villumsen, Kare Molbak, Flemming Scheutz, Andreas Munk Petersen
    Abstract:

    OBJECTIVES: A consensus has existed on not to treat Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC)-infected individuals with antibiotics because of possible subsequent increased risk of developing haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS). The aim of this systematic review is to clarify the risk associated with antibiotic treatment during acute VTEC infection and in chronic VTEC carrier states.\n\nMETHODS: A systematic search in PubMed identified 1 meta-analysis, 10 clinical studies and 22 in vitro/in vivo studies.\n\nRESULTS: Four clinical studies found an increased risk of HUS, four studies found no altered risk of HUS and two studies found a protective effect of antibiotics. In vitro and clinical studies suggest that DNA synthesis inhibitors should be avoided, whereas evidence from in vitro studies indicates that certain protein and cell wall synthesis inhibitors reduce the release of toxins from VTEC isolates. Overall, these studies provide a more nuanced view of the diversity of responses by VTEC strains to antibiotics.\n\nCONCLUSIONS: Based on these data, as well as data from the Danish cohort of registered VTEC infections, we propose that antibiotic treatment with protein and cell wall synthesis inhibitors can be considered when specific criteria regarding patient group, serotype, virulence profile and duration of disease are met.

  • real time whole genome sequencing for routine typing surveillance and outbreak detection of verotoxigenic escherichia coli
    Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Katrine Grimstrup Joensen, Flemming Scheutz, Ole Lund, Henrik Hasman, Rolf Sommer Kaas, Eva Moller Nielsen, Frank Moller Aarestrup
    Abstract:

    Fast and accurate identification and typing of pathogens are essential for effective surveillance and outbreak detection. The current routine procedure is based on a variety of techniques, making the procedure laborious, time-consuming, and expensive. With whole-genome sequencing (WGS) becoming cheaper, it has huge potential in both diagnostics and routine surveillance. The aim of this study was to perform a real-time evaluation of WGS for routine typing and surveillance of Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC). In Denmark, the Statens Serum Institut (SSI) routinely receives all suspected VTEC isolates. During a 7-week period in the fall of 2012, all incoming isolates were concurrently subjected to WGS using IonTorrent PGM. Real-time bioinformatics analysis was performed using web-tools (www.genomicepidemiology.org) for species determination, multilocus sequence type (MLST) typing, and determination of phylogenetic relationship, and a specific VirulenceFinder for detection of E. coli virulence genes was developed as part of this study. In total, 46 suspected VTEC isolates were characterized in parallel during the study. VirulenceFinder proved successful in detecting virulence genes included in routine typing, explicitly Verocytotoxin 1 (vtx1), Verocytotoxin 2 (vtx2), and intimin (eae), and also detected additional virulence genes. VirulenceFinder is also a robust method for assigning Verocytotoxin (vtx) subtypes. A real-time clustering of isolates in agreement with the epidemiology was established from WGS, enabling discrimination between sporadic and outbreak isolates. Overall, WGS typing produced results faster and at a lower cost than the current routine. Therefore, WGS typing is a superior alternative to conventional typing strategies. This approach may also be applied to typing and surveillance of other pathogens.

  • Verocytotoxin producing escherichia coli o128ab h2 bacteremia in a 27 year old male with hemolytic uremic syndrome
    Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2013
    Co-Authors: Glenn Buvens, Flemming Scheutz, Klara De Rauw, Sandrine Roisin, Gaelle Vanfraechem, Olivier Denis, Frederique Jacobs, Denis Pierard
    Abstract:

    Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) strains of serotype O128ab:H2 were isolated from blood and stool of a 27-year-old male presenting diarrhea-associated hemolytic-uremic syndrome complicated by bacteremia. This report once again illustrates the pathogenic potential of a non-O157 VTEC strain carrying a virulence profile previously associated with mild disease.

  • a Verocytotoxin producing e coli outbreak with a surprisingly high risk of haemolytic uraemic syndrome denmark september october 2012
    Eurosurveillance, 2013
    Co-Authors: Kare Molbak, Steen Ethelberg, B Soborg, Sofie Gillesberg Lassen, Luise Muller, Trine Hammer Jensen, Flemming Scheutz
    Abstract:

    Denmark faced an outbreak of Verocytotoxin-producing E. coli (VTEC) O157:H7 infections in autumn 2012. Thirteen cases were diagnosed of which eight had haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS). Epidemiological investigations suggested ground beef as the vehicle of the outbreak. The outbreak strain had a rare toxin gene subtype profile: eae, vtx1a and vtx2a, and a high proportion of HUS (62%) among cases, a finding previously linked with the outbreak subtype profile. Toxin subtyping can be useful to identify high risk VTEC strains.

  • incidence and virulence determinants of Verocytotoxin producing escherichia coli infections in the brussels capital region belgium in 2008 2010
    Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2012
    Co-Authors: Glenn Buvens, Flemming Scheutz, Sabine Lauwers, Yves De Gheldre, Anne Dediste, Anneisabelle De Moreau, Georges Mascart, Anne Simon, Daniel Allemeersch, Denis Pierard
    Abstract:

    The incidence of Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) was investigated by PCR in all human stools from Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZB) and selected stools from six other hospital laboratories in Brussels-Capital Region (Belgium) collected between April 2008 and October 2010. Selected stools to be included in this study were those from patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), patients with a history of bloody diarrhea, patients linked to clusters of diarrhea, children up to six years of age, and stools containing macroscopic blood. Verocytotoxin genes (vtx) were detected significantly more frequent in stools from patients with selected conditions (2.04%) as compared to unselected stools from UZB (1.20%) (P=0.001). VTEC were most frequently detected in patients with HUS (35.3%), a history of bloody diarrhea (5.15%), and stools containing macroscopic blood (1.85%). Stools of patients up to 17 years of age were significantly more vtx-positive as compared to those from adult patients between 18 and 65 years old (P=0.022). Although stools from patients older than 65 years were also more frequently positive for vtx as compared to those between 18-65 years, this trend was not significant. VTEC were isolated from 140 (67.9%) vtx-positive stools. One sample yielded two different serotypes, thus, 141 isolates could be characterized. Sixty different O:H serotypes harboring 85 different virulence profiles were identified. Serotypes O157:H7/H- (n=34), O26:H11/H- (n=21), O63:H6 (n=8), O111:H8/H- (n=7), and O146:H21/H- (n=6) accounted for 53.9% of isolates. All O157 isolates carried vtx2, eae, and a complete O island 122 (COI-122); 15 also carried vtx1. Non-O157 isolates (n=107), however, accounted for the bulk (75.9%) of isolates. Fifty-nine (55.1%) were positive for vtx1, 36 (33.6%) for vtx2, and 12 (11.2%) carried both vtx1 and vtx2. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed a wide genetic diversity, however, small clusters of O157, O26 and O63:H6 were identified that could have been part of unidentified outbreaks. Antimicrobial resistance was observed in 63 (44.7%) isolates and 34 (24.1%) showed multi-drug resistance. Our data show that VTEC infections were not limited to patients with HUS or bloody diarrhea. Clinical laboratories should, therefore, screen all stools for O157 and non-O157 VTEC using selective media and a method detecting Verocytotoxins or vtx genes.

Glenn Buvens - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Verocytotoxin producing escherichia coli o128ab h2 bacteremia in a 27 year old male with hemolytic uremic syndrome
    Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2013
    Co-Authors: Glenn Buvens, Flemming Scheutz, Klara De Rauw, Sandrine Roisin, Gaelle Vanfraechem, Olivier Denis, Frederique Jacobs, Denis Pierard
    Abstract:

    Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) strains of serotype O128ab:H2 were isolated from blood and stool of a 27-year-old male presenting diarrhea-associated hemolytic-uremic syndrome complicated by bacteremia. This report once again illustrates the pathogenic potential of a non-O157 VTEC strain carrying a virulence profile previously associated with mild disease.

  • virulence profiling and disease association of Verocytotoxin producing escherichia coli o157 and non o157 isolates in belgium
    Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, 2012
    Co-Authors: Glenn Buvens, Denis Pierard
    Abstract:

    Abstract Whereas the association of Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) O157:H7 with the hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is well established, the medical importance of many non-O157 ser...

  • incidence and virulence determinants of Verocytotoxin producing escherichia coli infections in the brussels capital region belgium in 2008 2010
    Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2012
    Co-Authors: Glenn Buvens, Flemming Scheutz, Sabine Lauwers, Yves De Gheldre, Anne Dediste, Anneisabelle De Moreau, Georges Mascart, Anne Simon, Daniel Allemeersch, Denis Pierard
    Abstract:

    The incidence of Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) was investigated by PCR in all human stools from Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZB) and selected stools from six other hospital laboratories in Brussels-Capital Region (Belgium) collected between April 2008 and October 2010. Selected stools to be included in this study were those from patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), patients with a history of bloody diarrhea, patients linked to clusters of diarrhea, children up to six years of age, and stools containing macroscopic blood. Verocytotoxin genes (vtx) were detected significantly more frequent in stools from patients with selected conditions (2.04%) as compared to unselected stools from UZB (1.20%) (P=0.001). VTEC were most frequently detected in patients with HUS (35.3%), a history of bloody diarrhea (5.15%), and stools containing macroscopic blood (1.85%). Stools of patients up to 17 years of age were significantly more vtx-positive as compared to those from adult patients between 18 and 65 years old (P=0.022). Although stools from patients older than 65 years were also more frequently positive for vtx as compared to those between 18-65 years, this trend was not significant. VTEC were isolated from 140 (67.9%) vtx-positive stools. One sample yielded two different serotypes, thus, 141 isolates could be characterized. Sixty different O:H serotypes harboring 85 different virulence profiles were identified. Serotypes O157:H7/H- (n=34), O26:H11/H- (n=21), O63:H6 (n=8), O111:H8/H- (n=7), and O146:H21/H- (n=6) accounted for 53.9% of isolates. All O157 isolates carried vtx2, eae, and a complete O island 122 (COI-122); 15 also carried vtx1. Non-O157 isolates (n=107), however, accounted for the bulk (75.9%) of isolates. Fifty-nine (55.1%) were positive for vtx1, 36 (33.6%) for vtx2, and 12 (11.2%) carried both vtx1 and vtx2. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed a wide genetic diversity, however, small clusters of O157, O26 and O63:H6 were identified that could have been part of unidentified outbreaks. Antimicrobial resistance was observed in 63 (44.7%) isolates and 34 (24.1%) showed multi-drug resistance. Our data show that VTEC infections were not limited to patients with HUS or bloody diarrhea. Clinical laboratories should, therefore, screen all stools for O157 and non-O157 VTEC using selective media and a method detecting Verocytotoxins or vtx genes.

  • virulence profiling and quantification of Verocytotoxin producing escherichia coli o145 h28 and o26 h11 isolated during an ice cream related hemolytic uremic syndrome outbreak
    Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, 2011
    Co-Authors: Glenn Buvens, Sabine Lauwers, K De Schrijver, Bjorn Posse, Lieven De Zutter, Denis Pierard
    Abstract:

    Abstract In September–October 2007, a mixed-serotype outbreak of Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) O145:H28 and O26:H11 occurred in the province of Antwerp, Belgium. Five girls aged between 2 and 11 years developed hemolytic uremic syndrome, and seven other coexposed persons with bloody diarrhea were identified. Laboratory confirmation of O145:H28 infection was obtained for three hemolytic uremic syndrome patients, one of whom was coinfected with O26:H11. The epidemiological and laboratory investigations revealed ice cream as the most likely source of the outbreak. The ice cream was produced at a local dairy farm using pasteurized milk. VTEC of both serotypes with indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns were isolated from patients, ice cream, and environmental samples. Quantitative analysis of the ice cream indicated concentrations of 2.4 and 0.03 CFU/g for VTEC O145 and O26, respectively. Virulence typing revealed that the repertoire of virulence genes carried by the O14...

  • antimicrobial resistance testing of Verocytotoxin producing escherichia coli and first description of tem 52 extended spectrum β lactamase in serogroup o26
    Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2010
    Co-Authors: Glenn Buvens, Sabine Lauwers, Pierre Bogaerts, Youri Glupczynski, Denis Pierard
    Abstract:

    We have investigated the antimicrobial resistance of Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) strains isolated from humans, animals, food and environment in Belgium. Resistance was more frequent in human non-O157 as compared to O157 strains from humans or other sources and within non-O157 VTEC, intimin-positive strains were more resistant than intimin-negative strains. We also report the first VTEC producing an IncI1 plasmid-borne blaTEM-52 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase previously associated with Salmonella enterica and E. coli isolates from different origins.

G J Gunn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • modelling the epidemiology and transmission of Verocytotoxin producing escherichia coli serogroups o26 and o103 in two different calf cohorts
    Epidemiology and Infection, 2007
    Co-Authors: Wc Liu, Darren J Shaw, M C Pearce, G J Gunn, Louise Matthews, J C Low, Deborah V Hoyle, C M Yates, S G B Amyes, Mark E J Woolhouse
    Abstract:

    Mathematical models are constructed to investigate the population dynamics of Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) serogroups O26 and O103 in two different calf cohorts. We compare the epidemiological characteristics of these two serogroups within the same calf cohort as well as the same serogroups between the two calf cohorts. The sources of infection are quantified for both calf cohort studies. VTEC serogroups O26 and O103 mainly differ in the rate at which calves acquire infection from sources other than infected calves, while infected calves typically remain infectious for less than 1 week regardless of the serogroups. Fewer than 20% of VTEC-positive samples are the result of calf-to-calf transmission. PFGE typing data are available for VTEC-positive samples to further subdivide the serogroup data in one of the two calf cohort studies. For serogroup O26 but not O103, there is evidence for unequal environmental exposure to infection with different PFGE types.

  • analysis of feces samples collected from a wild bird garden feeding station in scotland for the presence of Verocytotoxin producing escherichia coli o157
    Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2006
    Co-Authors: Geoffrey Foster, B. A. Synge, J Evans, G J Gunn, H I Knight, A W Smith, Lesley Allison, Torn W Pennycott
    Abstract:

    Composite wild bird feces collected at regular intervals from a garden feeding station in southwest Scotland over a 3-year period were examined for Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157. One sample was positive for Escherichia coli O157. The isolate belonged to phage type 21/28 and possessed vtx2, eaeA, and enterohemorrhagic E. coli hlyA genes.

  • modelling the epidemiology of Verocytotoxin producing escherichia coli serogroups in young calves
    Epidemiology and Infection, 2005
    Co-Authors: Weichung Liu, Gad Frankel, H R Smith, Darren J Shaw, M C Pearce, G J Gunn, C Jenkins, Louise Matthews, J C Low, Mark E J Woolhouse
    Abstract:

    We investigate the epidemiology of 12 Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) serogroups observed in a calf cohort on a Scottish beef farm. Fitting mathematical models to the observed time-course of infections reveals that there is significant calf-to-calf transmission of VTEC. Our models suggest that 40% of all detected infections are from calf-to-calf transmission and 60% from other sources. Variation in the rates at which infected animals recover from infection by different VTEC serogroups appears to be important. Two thirds of the observed VTEC serogroups are lost from infected calves within 1 day of infection, while the rest persist for more than 3 days. Our study has demonstrated that VTEC are transmissible between calves and are typically lost from infected animals in less than 1 week. We suggest that future field studies may wish to adopt a tighter sampling frame in order to detect all circulating VTEC serogroups in similar animal populations.

  • shedding patterns of Verocytotoxin producing escherichia coli strains in a cohort of calves and their dams on a scottish beef farm
    Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2004
    Co-Authors: Darren J Shaw, Claire Jenkins, T Cheasty, G Dougan, H R Smith, M C Pearce, G J Gunn, Mark E J Woolhouse, Gad Frankel
    Abstract:

    Rectal fecal samples were taken once a week from 49 calves on the same farm. In addition, the dams of the calves were sampled at the time of calf birth and at the end of the study. Strains of Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) were isolated from these samples by using PCR and DNA probe hybridization tests and were characterized with respect to serotype, Verocytotoxin gene (vtx) type, and the presence of the intimin (eae) and hemolysin (ehxA) genes. A total of 170 VTEC strains were isolated during 21 weeks from 130 (20%) of 664 samples from calves and from 40 (47%) of 86 samples from their dams. The characteristics of the calf strains differed from those strains isolated from the dams with respect to Verocytotoxin 2 and the presence of the eae gene. In addition, no calf shed the same VTEC serogroup (excluding O?) as its dam at birth or at the end of the study. The most frequently detected serogroups in calves were serogroup O26 and provisional serogroup E40874 (VTEC O26 was found in 25 calves), whereas in dams serogroup O91 and provisional serogroup E54071 were the most common serogroups. VTEC O26 shedding appeared to be associated with very young calves and declined as the calves aged, whereas VTEC O2 shedding was associated with housing of the animals. VTEC O26 strains from calves were characterized by the presence of the vtx1, eae, and ehxA genes, whereas vtx2 was associated with VTEC O2 and provisional serogroup E40874. The high prevalence of VTEC O26 and of VTEC strains harboring the eae gene in this calf cohort is notable because of the association of the O26 serogroup and the presence of the eae gene with human disease. No association between calf diarrhea and any of the VTEC serogroups was identified.

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