Vertebrae

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Tom Hansen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • vertebral deformities in triploid atlantic salmon salmo salar l underyearling smolts
    Aquaculture, 2010
    Co-Authors: Per Gunnar Fjelldal, Tom Hansen
    Abstract:

    Abstract This study investigated the prevalence of vertebral deformities in triploid and diploid Atlantic salmon smolts. Four full-sibling families were either subjected to hydrostatic pressure (655 bar, 6.25 min, 8 °C) (triploid) 37 min post-fertilization, or were maintained as untreated controls (diploid), and then reared to the smolt stage. Some 800 fish (100 per ploidy/family group) were palpated for vertebral deformities, and 480 (60 per ploidy/family group) of these were selected at random for radiography and evaluation for vertebral deformities. There was a significantly higher prevalence of triploid individuals classified as spinally deformed during palpation (triploids; 1–3%, diploids; 0–1%), and of individuals with one or more deformed Vertebrae on radiographs (triploids; 30–35%, diploids; 8–13%). The trunk region (V9-30) of the vertebral column was the predominant location for deformities in triploids, with vertebra number 24 being the most often affected. Of the triploids, 7.6% had a malformation in this particular vertebra, which is located beneath the dorsal fin.

David L Skaggs - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • ten percent of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis have variations in the number of thoracic or lumbar Vertebrae
    Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery American Volume, 2013
    Co-Authors: David A Ibrahim, Karen S Myung, David L Skaggs
    Abstract:

    Background: Surveys have demonstrated that wrong-site surgery of the spine is performed by up to 50% of spine surgeons over the course of a career. Inaccurate identification of appropriate vertebral levels is a common reason for wrong-site spine surgery. The present study examined the prevalence of variations in the number of Vertebrae in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Methods: A retrospective review of radiographs and reports of 364 consecutive patients undergoing operative treatment for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis at a single center was performed. The study included eighty-eight male patients (24%) and 276 female patients (76%) with a mean age of fourteen years (range, ten to twenty years). Radiographs were reviewed to assess the number of thoracic and lumbar Vertebrae and the presence of a lumbosacral transitional vertebra. Results: Ten percent of the patients (thirty-eight) had an atypical number of Vertebrae in the thoracic and/or lumbar spine. Twenty-one patients (5.8%) had an atypical number of thoracic Vertebrae, with fourteen having eleven thoracic Vertebrae and seven patients having thirteen. Twenty-four patients (6.6%) had an atypical number of lumbar Vertebrae, with four having four lumbar Vertebrae and twenty patients having six. A lumbosacral transitional vertebra was present in 6.3% (twenty-three) of the patients. Multilevel vertebral anomalies were present in 1.9% of the patients (seven of 364). A variation in the number of Vertebrae had been identified in 0.5% (two) of the reports by the radiologist. Conclusions: Variations in the number of thoracic or lumbar Vertebrae were found in 10% of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis but had been identified in only 0.5% of the radiology reports. Clinical Relevance: Assessment of possible variations in the number of Vertebrae is important to help avoid surgery at the wrong vertebral level.

Ian A F Stokes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • three dimensional terminology of spinal deformity a report presented to the scoliosis research society by the scoliosis research society working group on 3 d terminology of spinal deformity
    Spine, 1994
    Co-Authors: Ian A F Stokes
    Abstract:

    Conventional terminology of three-dimensional description of spinal deformity is ambiguous and mostly tied to either a frontal or sagittal plane view of the spine. The article proposes a rationalized system for describing the shape of the spine. The spine is viewed as a line in space ('vertebral body line') with three 'angulations' specifying the orientation of each vertebra. Four axis systems are defined for the whole body, the spine, curve regions, and individual Vertebrae, respectively. These in turn define the principal planes of the body, spine, curve regions, and Vertebrae. Curvature can be defined as a local measure at a point on the vertebral body line, or as a regional measure between specified end Vertebrae. Torsion is defined both as a local geometric property of the vertebral body line, and as measure of the relative axial plane angulations between specified Vertebrae. Linear distance measures define the deviations of specified Vertebrae from the local, regional, spinal, and global axis systems. Practical recommendations for positioning patients are made. This new system of terminology recognizes the 3-dimensional nature of scoliosis and other spinal deformities and is intended to rationalize communication in both research and clinical practice.

Ana Ivanovic - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • homeotic transformations and number changes in the vertebral column of triturus newts
    PeerJ, 2015
    Co-Authors: Maja Slijepcevic, Frietson Galis, J W Arntzen, Ana Ivanovic
    Abstract:

    We explored intraspecific variation in vertebral formulae, more specifically the variation in the number of thoracic Vertebrae and frequencies of transitional sacral Vertebrae in Triturus newts (Caudata: Salamandridae). Within salamandrid salamanders this monophyletic group shows the highest disparity in the number of thoracic Vertebrae and considerable intraspecific variation in the number of thoracic Vertebrae. Triturus species also differ in their ecological preferences, from predominantly terrestrial to largely aquatic. Following Geoffroy St. Hilaire’s and Darwin’s rule which states that structures with a large number of serially homologous repetitive elements are more variable than structures with smaller numbers, we hypothesized that the variation in vertebral formulae increases in more elongated species with a larger number of thoracic Vertebrae. We furthermore hypothesized that the frequency of transitional Vertebrae will be correlated with the variation in the number of thoracic Vertebrae within the species. We also investigated potential effects of species hybridization on the vertebral formula. The proportion of individuals with a number of thoracic Vertebrae different from the modal number and the range of variation in number of Vertebrae significantly increased in species with a larger number of thoracic Vertebrae. Contrary to our expectation, the frequencies of transitional Vertebrae were not correlated with frequencies of change in the complete Vertebrae number. The frequency of transitional sacral vertebra in hybrids did not significantly differ from that of the parental species. Such a pattern could be a result of selection pressure against transitional Vertebrae and/or a bias towards the development of full Vertebrae numbers. Although our data indicate relaxed selection for vertebral count changes in more elongated, aquatic species, more data on different selective pressures in species with different numbers of Vertebrae in the two contrasting, terrestrial and aquatic environments are needed to test for causality.

Per Gunnar Fjelldal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • vertebral deformities in triploid atlantic salmon salmo salar l underyearling smolts
    Aquaculture, 2010
    Co-Authors: Per Gunnar Fjelldal, Tom Hansen
    Abstract:

    Abstract This study investigated the prevalence of vertebral deformities in triploid and diploid Atlantic salmon smolts. Four full-sibling families were either subjected to hydrostatic pressure (655 bar, 6.25 min, 8 °C) (triploid) 37 min post-fertilization, or were maintained as untreated controls (diploid), and then reared to the smolt stage. Some 800 fish (100 per ploidy/family group) were palpated for vertebral deformities, and 480 (60 per ploidy/family group) of these were selected at random for radiography and evaluation for vertebral deformities. There was a significantly higher prevalence of triploid individuals classified as spinally deformed during palpation (triploids; 1–3%, diploids; 0–1%), and of individuals with one or more deformed Vertebrae on radiographs (triploids; 30–35%, diploids; 8–13%). The trunk region (V9-30) of the vertebral column was the predominant location for deformities in triploids, with vertebra number 24 being the most often affected. Of the triploids, 7.6% had a malformation in this particular vertebra, which is located beneath the dorsal fin.