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Bart P. H. J. Thomma - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Verticillium Wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae in woody plants with emphasis on olive and shade trees
    European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2018
    Co-Authors: Mojtaba Keykhasaber, Bart P. H. J. Thomma, Jelle A. Hiemstra
    Abstract:

    Olive plantations and tree nurseries are economically and ecologically important agricultural sectors. However, Verticillium Wilt, caused by Verticillium dahliae Kleb., is a serious problem in olive-growing regions and in tree nurseries worldwide. In this review we describe common and differentiating aspects of Verticillium Wilts in some of the main economically woody hosts. The establishment of new planting sites on infested soils, the use of infected plant material and the spread of highly virulent pathogen isolates are the main reasons of increasing problems with Verticillium Wilt in tree cultivation. Therefore, protocols for quick and efficient screening of new planting sites as well as planting material for V. dahliae prior to cultivation is an important measure to control Verticillium Wilt disease. Furthermore, screening for resistant genotypes that can be included in breeding programs to increase resistance to Verticillium Wilt is an important strategy for future disease control. Collectively, these strategies are essential tools in an integrated disease management strategy to control Verticillium Wilt in tree plantations and nurseries.

  • Host-induced gene silencing compromises Verticillium Wilt in tomato and Arabidopsis.
    Molecular plant pathology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Yin Song, Bart P. H. J. Thomma
    Abstract:

    Verticillium Wilt, caused by soil-borne fungi of the genus Verticillium, is an economically important disease that affects a wide range of host plants. Unfortunately, host resistance against Verticillium Wilts is not available for many plant species, and the disease is notoriously difficult to combat. Host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) is an RNA interference (RNAi)-based process in which small RNAs are produced by the host plant to target parasite transcripts. HIGS has emerged as a promising strategy for the improvement of plant resistance against pathogens by silencing genes that are essential for these pathogens. Here, we assessed whether HIGS can be utilized to suppress Verticillium Wilt disease by silencing three previously identified virulence genes of V. dahliae (encoding Ave1, Sge1 and NLP1) through the host plants tomato and Arabidopsis. In transient assays, tomato plants were agroinfiltrated with Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) constructs to target V. dahliae transcripts. Subsequent V. dahliae inoculation revealed the suppression of Verticillium Wilt disease on treatment with only one of the three TRV constructs. Next, expression of RNAi constructs targeting transcripts of the same three V. dahliae virulence genes was pursued in stable transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants. In this host, V. dahliae inoculation revealed reduced Verticillium Wilt disease in two of the three targets. Thus, our study suggests that, depending on the target gene chosen, HIGS against V. dahliae is operational in tomato and A. thaliana plants and may be exploited to engineer resistance in Verticillium Wilt-susceptible crops.

  • Host-induced gene silencing compromises Verticillium Wilt in tomato and Arabidopsis
    2016
    Co-Authors: Yin Song, Bart P. H. J. Thomma
    Abstract:

    Verticillium Wilt, caused by soil-borne fungi of the genus Verticillium, is an economically important disease that affects a wide range of host plants. Unfortunately, host resistance against Verticillium Wilts is not available for many plant species, and the disease is notoriously difficult to combat. Host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) is an RNA interference (RNAi) based process in which small RNAs are produced by the host plant to target parasite transcripts. HIGS has emerged as a promising strategy for improving plant resistance against pathogens by silencing genes that are essential for these pathogens. Here, we assessed whether HIGS can be utilized to suppress Verticillium Wilt disease by silencing previously identified virulence genes of V. dahliae through the host plants tomato and Arabidopsis. In transient assays, tomato plants were agroinfiltrated with Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) constructs to target V. dahliae transcripts. Subsequent V. dahliae inoculation revealed suppression of Verticillium Wilt disease in some, but not all, cases. Next, expression of RNAi constructs targeting V. dahliae transcripts was pursued in stable transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Also in this host, V. dahliae inoculation revealed reduced Verticillium Wilt disease in some cases. Thus, our study suggests that, depending on the target gene chosen, HIGS against V. dahliae is operational in tomato and A. thaliana plants and may act as a plant protection approach that may be used in Verticillium Wilt-susceptible crops.

Yin Song - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Host-induced gene silencing compromises Verticillium Wilt in tomato and Arabidopsis.
    Molecular plant pathology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Yin Song, Bart P. H. J. Thomma
    Abstract:

    Verticillium Wilt, caused by soil-borne fungi of the genus Verticillium, is an economically important disease that affects a wide range of host plants. Unfortunately, host resistance against Verticillium Wilts is not available for many plant species, and the disease is notoriously difficult to combat. Host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) is an RNA interference (RNAi)-based process in which small RNAs are produced by the host plant to target parasite transcripts. HIGS has emerged as a promising strategy for the improvement of plant resistance against pathogens by silencing genes that are essential for these pathogens. Here, we assessed whether HIGS can be utilized to suppress Verticillium Wilt disease by silencing three previously identified virulence genes of V. dahliae (encoding Ave1, Sge1 and NLP1) through the host plants tomato and Arabidopsis. In transient assays, tomato plants were agroinfiltrated with Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) constructs to target V. dahliae transcripts. Subsequent V. dahliae inoculation revealed the suppression of Verticillium Wilt disease on treatment with only one of the three TRV constructs. Next, expression of RNAi constructs targeting transcripts of the same three V. dahliae virulence genes was pursued in stable transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants. In this host, V. dahliae inoculation revealed reduced Verticillium Wilt disease in two of the three targets. Thus, our study suggests that, depending on the target gene chosen, HIGS against V. dahliae is operational in tomato and A. thaliana plants and may be exploited to engineer resistance in Verticillium Wilt-susceptible crops.

  • Host-induced gene silencing compromises Verticillium Wilt in tomato and Arabidopsis
    2016
    Co-Authors: Yin Song, Bart P. H. J. Thomma
    Abstract:

    Verticillium Wilt, caused by soil-borne fungi of the genus Verticillium, is an economically important disease that affects a wide range of host plants. Unfortunately, host resistance against Verticillium Wilts is not available for many plant species, and the disease is notoriously difficult to combat. Host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) is an RNA interference (RNAi) based process in which small RNAs are produced by the host plant to target parasite transcripts. HIGS has emerged as a promising strategy for improving plant resistance against pathogens by silencing genes that are essential for these pathogens. Here, we assessed whether HIGS can be utilized to suppress Verticillium Wilt disease by silencing previously identified virulence genes of V. dahliae through the host plants tomato and Arabidopsis. In transient assays, tomato plants were agroinfiltrated with Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) constructs to target V. dahliae transcripts. Subsequent V. dahliae inoculation revealed suppression of Verticillium Wilt disease in some, but not all, cases. Next, expression of RNAi constructs targeting V. dahliae transcripts was pursued in stable transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Also in this host, V. dahliae inoculation revealed reduced Verticillium Wilt disease in some cases. Thus, our study suggests that, depending on the target gene chosen, HIGS against V. dahliae is operational in tomato and A. thaliana plants and may act as a plant protection approach that may be used in Verticillium Wilt-susceptible crops.

D. R. Wilson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Independent segregation in potato for resistance to Verticillium Wilt and pink-eye
    Plant Disease, 1994
    Co-Authors: Robert W. Goth, Kathleen G. Haynes, D. R. Wilson
    Abstract:

    In 1991 and 1992, 30 potato families (comprising approximately 1,330 genotypes) were evaluated for resistance to both Verticillium Wilt, caused by V. albo-atrum and V. dahliae, and pink-eye, a disease of unknown etiology. Significant differences were found among families for severity of Verticillium Wilt and incidence of pink-eye. Within-family variability accounted for more than 90% of the observed variation for both traits in both years. Homogeneous variances for severity of Verticillium Wilt across families were observed in both years; in contrast, heterogeneous variances for incidence of pink-eye across families were observed in both years, with greater variance in those families with a higher incidence of pink-eye [...]

  • Relationship of Verticillium Wilt with pink-eye of potato in Maine
    Plant Disease, 1993
    Co-Authors: Robert W. Goth, Kathleen G. Haynes, D. R. Wilson
    Abstract:

    In 1988 and 1989, the effect of Verticillium Wilt on the incidence and severity of pink-eye of potato was studied. Six cultivars and 12 advanced breeding lines (clones) of Solanum tuberosum with varying degrees of resistance to Verticillium Wilt were selected. Entries were inoculated with either Verticillium albo-atrum, V. dahliae, or a combination of both species; the control was noninoculated. Significant differences in the severity of Verticillium Wilt symptoms were found for different clones and pathogens, and there was a significant year-by-clone interaction. Veriticillium Wilt symptoms were more severe in 1989 than in 1988. Pink-eye-infected tubers were found in all treatments, and the clones differed significantly in both incidence and severity of the disease. Significant positive correlations were found between the severity of Verticillium Wilt with V. albo-atrum or the combination of species, and the incidence or severity of pink-eye. The incidence of pink-eye was enhanced by the presence of Verticillium, but the presence of Verticillium was not necessary for pink-eye to develop.

Matteo Cirulli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Control of Verticillium Wilt of olive by resistant rootstocks
    Plant and Soil, 2011
    Co-Authors: Giovanni Bubici, Matteo Cirulli
    Abstract:

    Aims The potential of grafting susceptible cultivars onto resistant rootstocks was evaluated for the control of Verticillium Wilt in olive.

  • Verticillium Wilt: A Threat to Artichoke Production
    Plant disease, 2010
    Co-Authors: Matteo Cirulli, Giovanni Bubici, Mario Amenduni, Josep Armengol, Mónica Berbegal, María Del Mar Jiménez-gasco, Rafael M. Jiménez-díaz
    Abstract:

    The globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus (L.) Fiori (=C. scolymus L.)) (diploid, 2n = 34) is the most important botanical variety of the species, which also includes C. cardunculus L. var. altilis DC. (=C. cardunculus L. var. cardunculus), the cultivated cardoon, and C. cardunculus L. var. sylvestris (Lamk) Fiori, which comprises wild relatives. The genus Cynara, native of the Mediterranean Basin, belongs to the botanical family Asteraceae (=Compositae) and includes seven species besides C. cardunculus. It is widely accepted that C. cardunculus var. sylvestris is the ancestor of the other two varieties (55,120). Artichoke is an allogamous species that is mainly propagated vegetatively via “stumps” (basal stem pieces with attached root sections) or “ovoli” (axillary buds separated from the stumps), although a few cultivars are seed-propagated (101). More than 120,000 ha of globe artichokes are cultivated in more than 25 countries worldwide that yield approximately 1,300,000 t of buds. This hectarage represents 2.5% of the world area cultivated to vegetables (51). Italy is the leading artichoke-producing country with more than 35% of world production. Spain ranks second with 19% of world production despite a 20% hectarage reduction during the last 5 years. Similar reductions of the cultivated area and production of artichokes have occurred in France, the United States, and, less markedly, in Greece (Table 1). Conversely, the crop hectarage has expanded greatly in other countries: over a 30-fold increase in Peru, twofold increase in China and Turkey, about 60% increase in Chile and Egypt, and nearly 20% increase in Algeria, Argentina, and Morocco. Additionally, the yield per cultivated area in countries such as Algeria, China, Morocco, Peru, and Turkey has recently achieved a level comparable with that of other countries. This may be a consequence of significant improvements in artichoke cultivation technology in those countries, where artichoke plantations have been established more recently than elsewhere. An overview of world production of artichokes was published recently (80). Verticillium Wilt, caused by the soilborne fungus Verticillium dahliae Kleb., is one of the main constraints for artichoke production worldwide. This disease was first reported on artichoke in Italy in the late 1920s (42,95). Subsequently, new reports were published from France (27), again in Italy (25,32,36), Spain (112), Chile (52), Greece (114), California (17), and Tunisia (67). Currently, Verticillium Wilt occurs in all artichoke-growing areas. Verticillium Wilt is becoming an increasing concern in artichoke production because the rapid spread of the disease to new growing areas has led to declining production. For example, in the 1980s, the disease was found affecting artichoke crops in several Italian regions such as Apulia, Campania, Lazio, Sardinia, Sicily, and Tuscany. In Apulia, which is the most important Italian area of artichoke production, problems with Verticillium Wilt led to a reduction in the area cultivated to artichoke in the Bari Province, and also extended rapidly to new plantations that had been established in the provinces of Brindisi, Foggia, and Lecce (2,33). A similar decrease in artichoke cultivation due to Verticillium Wilt was observed in Chile (52,53). In Spain, Armengol et al. (3) underlined the spread of Verticillium Wilt in the Comunidad Valenciana region in eastern-central Spain, the main artichoke-growing area in the country. They reported over 80% disease prevalence in fields of stump- and seed-propagated artichokes sampled during 1999 to 2002, with an average Wilt incidence of 53.8%.

Bing Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Spectral Characteristics of Cotton Infected with Verticillium Wilt and Severity Level of Disease Estimated Models
    Crop Modeling and Decision Support, 2009
    Co-Authors: Bing Chen, Ke-ru Wang, Fang-yong Wang, Xue-yan Sui, Junhua Bai
    Abstract:

    In order to elucidated characteristics of spectrum of cotton leaf infected with Verticillium Wilt and estimated its severity level (SL) to provide theoretic foundation for further monitoring cotton Verticillium Wilt at large scale using airborne and airspace remote sensing. The spectrum reflectance of cotton single leaf infected with Verticillium Wilt was measured in cotton disease nursery and field at different growth phases, meanwhile, SL of single leaf infected with Verticillium Wilt was investigated. The methods of first derivative spectraum were used to estimate accurately disease of cotton with Verticillium Wilt when compared with the reflectance spectrum of different single leaf infected of Verticillium Wilt. The results indicated that Spectral characteristic of cotton leaf of Verticillium Wilt had better regularity with the increase of SL in different periods and varieties. Spectral reflectance increased significantly at visible light region (400–700nm) and near -infrared region (700–1300nm) with the increase of the SL, and specially signification at blue — violet to red regions(525–680nm). when SL got 25%, cotton leaf of Verticillium Wilt could be used as a watershed and diagnosed index in early time. There were evident different characteristics of first derivative spectra in these disease leave, it changed significantly in red edge ranges(680–780nm) with different disease level, derivative spectra of red edge swing decreased, and red edge position equal moved to the blue. The thesis indicated that 434–724nm and 909–1600nm were selected out as sensitive bands region to SL of single leaf. Some inversion models for estimating cotton leaf diseased level of Verticillium Wilt all reached the best significantly level. The model in which the first derivative spectra at 723nm could invert accurately the cotton leaf SL, and it may be used to forecasting the position of cotton leaf infected with Verticillium Wilt in quantitatively.

  • Spectrum Characteristics of Cotton Canopy Infected with Verticillium Wilt and Applications
    Agricultural Sciences in China, 2008
    Co-Authors: Bing Chen, Ke-ru Wang, Chun-hua Xiao, Wang Jing, Fang-yong Wang, Jun-chen Lai, Na Wang
    Abstract:

    Hyper spectrum remote sensing with fine spectrum information is an efficient method to estimate the Verticillium Wilt of cotton. The research was conducted in Xinjiang, the largest cotton plant region of China, by using the data which were collected both by canopy spectrum infected with Verticillium Wilt and severity level (SL) in the year 2005-2006. The quantitative correlation was analyzed between SL and canopy of reflectance spectrum or derivative spectrum reflectance. The results indicated that spectrum characteristics of cotton canopy infected with Verticillium Wilt changed regularly with the increase of SL in different periods and varieties. Spectrum reflectance increased in the visible light region (620-700 nm) with the increase of the SL, which inverted in near-infrared region and was extremely significant in the region of (780-1 300 nm). When SL attained b2 (DI = 25), cotton canopy infected with Verticillium Wilt was used as a watershed and diagnosed index in the beginning stages of the disease. The results also indicated that there were marked different characteristics of the first derivative spectrum in these SL, it changed significantly in the red edge ranges (680-760 nm) with different SL, i.e., red edge swing decreased, and red edge position equally moved to the blue. In this study 1 001-1 110 nm and 1 205-1 320 nm were selected out as sensitive bands for SL of canopy. Inversion models established for estimating cotton canopy infected with Verticillium Wilt reached the most significant level. Finally, the different spectrum characteristics of cotton canopy infected with Verticillium Wilt were marked, some inversion models were established, which could estimate SL of canopy infected with Verticillium Wilt. The best recognized model was the first derivative spectra at (FD 731 nm - FD 1 317 nm), and it might be used to forecast the position of cotton canopy infected with Verticillium Wilt quantitatively.

  • CCTA - Spectrum Characteristics of Cotton Canopy Infected with Verticillium Wilt and Inversion of Severity Level
    Computer And Computing Technologies In Agriculture Volume II, 2007
    Co-Authors: Bing Chen, Ke-ru Wang, Shaokun Li, Jing Wang, Chun-hua Xiao
    Abstract:

    Verticillium Wilt of cotton is one of the diseases of cotton with extensive occurrence and maximal harming in our country even in the world .Hyper spectrum remote sensing with the fine spectrum information has becoming the efficient method to monitor the Verticillium Wilt of cotton. The research was conducted in Xinjiang, the largest cotton plant region of China. The paper used data which was collected both canopy spectrum infected with Verticillium Wilt and SL (severity level) in the year 2005 2006, the quantitative correlation were analyzed between SL and canopy reflectance spectrum derivative spectrum. The tested results indicated that spectrum characteristics of cotton canopy infected with Verticillium Wilt had better regularity with the increase of SL in different periods and varieties. Spectrum reflectance increased in visible light region (620 700nm) with the increase of the SL, which inverted in nearinfrared region, and extreme signification in 78