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R C Whitton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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an assessment of intra and interobserver agreement of reporting orthopaedic findings on presale radiographs of thoroughbred yearlings
Equine Veterinary Journal, 2014Co-Authors: M A Jackson, A L Vizard, G A Anderson, J S Mattoon, R B Lavelle, Bryan Todd Smithenson, Nola V Lester, A F Clarke, R C WhittonAbstract:Reasons for performing study: Radiography is commonly used in clinical practice but agreement of reporting of radiographically detected orthopaedic findings in horses has rarely been studied. Objectives: To assess agreement within and between observers for reporting of orthopaedic findings on presale radiographs of Thoroughbred yearlings. Study design: Retrospective analysis of archived radiographs. Methods: Four Veterinary Radiology specialists each twice examined 167 sets of radiographs for orthopaedic findings in the fore feet, fore and hind fetlocks, carpi, tarsi and stifles. There were 27 findings analysed for agreement. Kappa statistic (κ), percentage of positive agreement (Ppos) and percentage of negative agreement are reported. Results: An excellent percentage of negative agreement was observed for all findings, with the exception of regular vascular channels of the proximal sesamoid bones. Ppos and κ results were variable. The presence of extra carpal bones, osseous cyst-like lesions of the ulnar carpal bone, sagittal ridge defects of the third metacarpus, fracture of the fore and hind proximal sesamoid bones, regular vascular channels in the hind proximal sesamoids, osteochondrosis lesions of the distal intermediate ridge and/or medial malleoli of the tibia, and osseous cyst-like lesions in the medial femoral condyle was consistently observed with an intra- and interagreement κ≥0.5 and Ppos≥50%. Lucency within the proximal sesamoids consistently had an observed intra- and interagreement κ<0.4 and Ppos<40%. Conclusions: Observation of orthopaedic findings on yearling repository radiographs showed generally excellent agreement on the absence of findings, but variable agreement on the presence of findings. Agreement was good for larger and easy to categorise radiographic findings. More accurate definitions and training need to be developed to improve agreement within and between observers for orthopaedic findings with poor or fair to good agreement.
Whitton R.c. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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An assessment of intra- and interobserver agreement of reporting orthopaedic findings on presale radiographs of Thoroughbred yearlings
Equine Veterinary Journal Ltd., 2014Co-Authors: Vizard A.l., Anderson G.a., Mattoon J.s., Lavelle R.b., Smithenson B.t., Lester N.v., Clarke A.f., Whitton R.c.Abstract:Reasons for performing study: Radiography is commonly used in clinical practice but agreement of reporting of radiographically detected orthopaedic findings in horses has rarely been studied. Objectives: To assess agreement within and between observers for reporting of orthopaedic findings on presale radiographs of Thoroughbred yearlings. Study design: Retrospective analysis of archived radiographs. Methods: Four Veterinary Radiology specialists each twice examined 167 sets of radiographs for orthopaedic findings in the fore feet, fore and hind fetlocks, carpi, tarsi and stifles. There were 27 findings analysed for agreement. Kappa statistic (κ), percentage of positive agreement (Ppos) and percentage of negative agreement are reported. Results: An excellent percentage of negative agreement was observed for all findings, with the exception of regular vascular channels of the proximal sesamoid bones. Ppos and κ results were variable. The presence of extra carpal bones, osseous cyst-like lesions of the ulnar carpal bone, sagittal ridge defects of the third metacarpus, fracture of the fore and hind proximal sesamoid bones, regular vascular channels in the hind proximal sesamoids, osteochondrosis lesions of the distal intermediate ridge and/or medial malleoli of the tibia, and osseous cyst-like lesions in the medial femoral condyle was consistently observed with an intra- and interagreement κ≥0.5 and Ppos≥50%. Lucency within the proximal sesamoids consistently had an observed intra- and interagreement κ
Saunders, Jimmy H. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Computed tomographic characteristics of eosinophilic pulmonary granulomatosis in five dogs
'Wiley', 2014Co-Authors: Fina Caroline, Vignoli Massimo, Terragni Rossella, Rossi Federica, Wisner Erik, Saunders, Jimmy H.Abstract:Canine pulmonary eosinophilic granulomatosis is a rare inflammatory pulmonary disease characterized by formation of eosinophilic granulomas that tend to obliterate the normal pulmonary architecture. The purpose of this retrospective study was to describe the CT characteristics of confirmed idiopathic pulmonary eosinophilic granulomatosis in a group of dogs. Five dogs met inclusion criteria. All patients were young adult dogs of variable breeds. No dog had concurrent occult heartworm disease. Computed tomographic characteristics most commonly included pulmonary masses and nodules of variable size, and lesions were most commonly located in the caudal lung lobes. Four dogs had large pulmonary masses with or without additional nodules and one dog had nodular lesions disseminated throughout the entire lung parenchyma. All large eosinophilic granulomas were smoothly margined, heterogeneous pulmonary masses displaying heterogeneous contrast enhancement. A honeycomb-like enhancement pattern was observed in all but one mass and consisted of multiple hyperattenuating rims delineating central hypoattenuating areas, suggestive of bronchiectatic lung with peripheral enhancing airway walls and fluid-filled, necrotic bronchial lumen. One dog had evidence of tracheobronchial lymphadenopathy. Findings indicated that canine eosinophilic pulmonary granulomatosis should be included as a differential diagnosis for dogs with CT characteristics of multiple pulmonary masses and/or nodules in caudal lung lobes, and a honeycomb-like enhancement pattern in masses after intravenous administration of iodinated contrast medium. © 2013 American College of Veterinary Radiology
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Effect of glucocorticoid administration on adrenal gland size and sonographic appearance in beagle dogs
'Wiley', 2012Co-Authors: Pey Pascaline, Duchateau Luc, Daminet Sylvie, Pascale My Smets, Travetti Olga, Saunders, Jimmy H.Abstract:Our aim was to evaluate the influence of glucocorticoids on the adrenal gland using ultrasonography. Eleven healthy beagles were used in a prospective placebo-controlled study. All dogs received hydrocortisone at 10 mg/kg twice a day per os for 4 months or a gelatin capsule twice a day per os as a placebo. Clinical and endocrinologic examination of the dogs and ultrasonographic evaluation of adrenal echogenicity, shape, and measurement of the length and height of the cranial and caudal pole were performed at baseline (T0), at 1 (T1) and 4 months (T4) after the beginning of treatment, and 2 months after the end of the treatment including 1 month of tapering and 1 month without treatment (T6). The dogs were assigned randomly to the glucocorticoid (n = 6) and placebo groups (n = 5). At T1, the difference between the two groups for the height of the cranial and caudal pole was not ultrasonographically remarkable despite a statistically significant difference (P = 0.0165 and P = 0.0206). Decreased height and length of entire gland were observed at T4 (P < 0.0001, P = 0.0015, and P = 0.0035, respectively). Percentages of atrophy were variable between dogs. Both adrenal glands regained normal size and shape 1 month after cessation of glucocorticoid administration. As not all dogs developed marked adrenal gland atrophy and the degree of atrophy varied widely between individuals, ultrasonography cannot be the technique of choice to detect iatrogenic hypercortisolism. Ultrasonographic changes are reversible within 1 month after the end of glucocorticoid administration. \uc2\ua9 2012 Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound
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Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography of the normal canine adrenal gland
'Wiley', 2011Co-Authors: Pey Pascaline, Duchateau Luc, Vignoli Massimo, Rossi Federica, Haers Hendrik, Saunders, Jimmy H.Abstract:Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography is useful in differentiating adrenal gland adenomas from nonadenomatous lesions in human patients. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the feasibility and to describe contrast-enhanced ultrasonography of the normal canine adrenal gland. Six healthy female Beagles were injected with an intravenous bolus of a lipid-shelled contrast agent (SonoVue\uc2\uae). The aorta enhanced immediately followed by the renal artery and then the adrenal gland. Adrenal gland enhancement was uniform, centrifugal, and rapid from the medulla to the cortex. When maximum enhancement was reached, a gradual homogeneous decrease in echogenicity of the adrenal gland began and simultaneously enhancement of the phrenicoabdominal vessels was observed. While enhancement kept decreasing in the adrenal parenchyma, the renal vein, caudal vena cava, and phrenicoabdominal vein were characterized by persistent enhancement until the end of the study. A second contrast enhancement was observed, corresponding to the refilling time. Objective measurements were performed storing the images for off-line image analysis using Image J (ImageJ\uc2\ua9). The shape of the time-intensity curve reflecting adrenal perfusion was similar in all dogs. Ratios of the values of the cortex and the medulla to the values of the renal artery were characterized by significant differences from initial upslope to the peak allowing differentiation between the cortex and the medulla for both adrenal glands only in this time period. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography of the adrenal glands is feasible in dogs and the optimal time for adrenal imaging is between 5 and 90s after injection. \uc2\ua9 2011 Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound
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Contrast harmonic ultrasound appearance of consecutive percutaneous renal biopsies in dogs
'Wiley', 2011Co-Authors: Haers Hendrik, Pey Pascaline, Daminet Sylvie, Smets Pascale, Piron Koen, Saunders, Jimmy H.Abstract:Ultrasound-guided percutaneous renal biopsy may be associated with complications, especially when using larger needles. Contrast harmonic ultrasound increases blood pool echo intensity, enhancing parenchymal lesions. Therefore, contrast harmonic ultrasound is a potential alternative screening method for postbiopsy renal lesions. Renal biopsies were performed using 14G needles in 11 healthy Beagles, at three occasions: 0 ("Baseline Biopsy"; BB), 4 ("Biopsy 2"; B2), and 6 months ("Biopsy 3"; B3). Ultrasound and contrast harmonic ultrasound of biopsied kidneys were performed approximately 30min after biopsy (week 0) at BB and B2, and repeated once every week (weeks 1-3) until normal appearance. At B3, only contrast harmonic ultrasound was performed, both immediately and 30-min postbiopsy. Contrast harmonic ultrasound images were reviewed using subjective and semiquantitative methods to describe lesions including number, shape, size, sharpness, echogenicity, and evolution. More renal lesions were detected with contrast harmonic ultrasound (22/22) compared with conventional ultrasound (14/22). The majority appeared at week 0 as hypoechoic tract(s) (27/33), the other (6/33) as ill-defined areas or area/tract combination, all having variable size, shape, and echogenicity. Seven tracts had a small subcapsular hematoma. In most kidneys, similar or gradual decrease of size and sharpness, and increased echogenicity was observed until normal appearance occurred at week 1 (1/22), week 2 (18/22), or week 3 (22/22). Two Beagles developed complications. At B3, immediately postbiopsy, tracts were hyperechoic in 9/11 kidneys, becoming hypoechoic again 30min later. Contrast harmonic ultrasound is a valuable method to evaluate postbiopsy renal lesions in dogs. \uc2\ua9 2011 Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound
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Intra- and interobserver variability of ultrasonographic measurements of the adrenal glands in healthy beagles
2010Co-Authors: Barberet Virginie, Pey Pascaline, Duchateau Luc, Combes Anais, Daminet Sylvie, Saunders, Jimmy H.Abstract:The aim of the present study was to establish which adrenal gland measurement was characterized by the least variations. To do this, we quantified the variability of seven different size measurements of the canine adrenal gland (maximal length, maximal height at the cranial and caudal poles on longitudinal and transverse images, and maximal width of the cranial and caudal poles) within observer, between observer, and between dogs based on three different measurements made by each of the three observers in six healthy Beagle dogs. The height of the caudal pole of both adrenal glands measured on longitudinal images had the lowest intra- and interobserver variability, while measurements of the length had the highest intra- and interobserver variability. Other measurements that were characterized by low intra- and interobserver variability were: height and width of the caudal pole on transverse images and height of the cranial pole on longitudinal images only. These results provide a basis for further study of the changes in adrenal gland size in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism. © 2010 Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound
M A Jackson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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an assessment of intra and interobserver agreement of reporting orthopaedic findings on presale radiographs of thoroughbred yearlings
Equine Veterinary Journal, 2014Co-Authors: M A Jackson, A L Vizard, G A Anderson, J S Mattoon, R B Lavelle, Bryan Todd Smithenson, Nola V Lester, A F Clarke, R C WhittonAbstract:Reasons for performing study: Radiography is commonly used in clinical practice but agreement of reporting of radiographically detected orthopaedic findings in horses has rarely been studied. Objectives: To assess agreement within and between observers for reporting of orthopaedic findings on presale radiographs of Thoroughbred yearlings. Study design: Retrospective analysis of archived radiographs. Methods: Four Veterinary Radiology specialists each twice examined 167 sets of radiographs for orthopaedic findings in the fore feet, fore and hind fetlocks, carpi, tarsi and stifles. There were 27 findings analysed for agreement. Kappa statistic (κ), percentage of positive agreement (Ppos) and percentage of negative agreement are reported. Results: An excellent percentage of negative agreement was observed for all findings, with the exception of regular vascular channels of the proximal sesamoid bones. Ppos and κ results were variable. The presence of extra carpal bones, osseous cyst-like lesions of the ulnar carpal bone, sagittal ridge defects of the third metacarpus, fracture of the fore and hind proximal sesamoid bones, regular vascular channels in the hind proximal sesamoids, osteochondrosis lesions of the distal intermediate ridge and/or medial malleoli of the tibia, and osseous cyst-like lesions in the medial femoral condyle was consistently observed with an intra- and interagreement κ≥0.5 and Ppos≥50%. Lucency within the proximal sesamoids consistently had an observed intra- and interagreement κ<0.4 and Ppos<40%. Conclusions: Observation of orthopaedic findings on yearling repository radiographs showed generally excellent agreement on the absence of findings, but variable agreement on the presence of findings. Agreement was good for larger and easy to categorise radiographic findings. More accurate definitions and training need to be developed to improve agreement within and between observers for orthopaedic findings with poor or fair to good agreement.
Vizard A.l. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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An assessment of intra- and interobserver agreement of reporting orthopaedic findings on presale radiographs of Thoroughbred yearlings
Equine Veterinary Journal Ltd., 2014Co-Authors: Vizard A.l., Anderson G.a., Mattoon J.s., Lavelle R.b., Smithenson B.t., Lester N.v., Clarke A.f., Whitton R.c.Abstract:Reasons for performing study: Radiography is commonly used in clinical practice but agreement of reporting of radiographically detected orthopaedic findings in horses has rarely been studied. Objectives: To assess agreement within and between observers for reporting of orthopaedic findings on presale radiographs of Thoroughbred yearlings. Study design: Retrospective analysis of archived radiographs. Methods: Four Veterinary Radiology specialists each twice examined 167 sets of radiographs for orthopaedic findings in the fore feet, fore and hind fetlocks, carpi, tarsi and stifles. There were 27 findings analysed for agreement. Kappa statistic (κ), percentage of positive agreement (Ppos) and percentage of negative agreement are reported. Results: An excellent percentage of negative agreement was observed for all findings, with the exception of regular vascular channels of the proximal sesamoid bones. Ppos and κ results were variable. The presence of extra carpal bones, osseous cyst-like lesions of the ulnar carpal bone, sagittal ridge defects of the third metacarpus, fracture of the fore and hind proximal sesamoid bones, regular vascular channels in the hind proximal sesamoids, osteochondrosis lesions of the distal intermediate ridge and/or medial malleoli of the tibia, and osseous cyst-like lesions in the medial femoral condyle was consistently observed with an intra- and interagreement κ≥0.5 and Ppos≥50%. Lucency within the proximal sesamoids consistently had an observed intra- and interagreement κ
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Identification and prevalence of errors affecting the quality of radiographs submitted to australian thoroughbred yearling sale repositories
Blackwell Publishing Inc., 2011Co-Authors: Vizard A.l., Anderson G.a., Mattoon J.s., Lavelle R.b., Smithenson B.t., Lester N.v.Abstract:We aimed to identify common mistakes made when radiographing yearling sale horses. Radiographic examinations from repositories at eight yearling sales held in Australia in 2003 were assessed by one of four Veterinary Radiology specialists. Each radiographic examination consisted of a maximum of 34 radiographs. Each radiograph was assessed for errors associated with movement, exposure, positioning, labeling or marker placement, and processing, and categorized as either ideal, less than ideal or nondiagnostic. In addition, from the first 800 sets catalogued, 167 were selected randomly and read twice by the four radiologists for agreement analysis. A total of 81,297 radiographs were examined for errors affecting quality. Positioning errors were the most common reason for radiographs to be considered nondiagnostic (2432/81,297; 3%), with the flexed lateromedial (LM) metacarpophalangeal joint, LM metatarsophalangeal joint, and the dorsomedial palmarolateral (DMPaLO) carpal views being the most frequently involved. Overexposure (14,357/81,297; 17.7%) was the most common reason for radiographs being categorized as less than ideal with the LM stifle view the most represented. Agreement within and between radiologists for reporting errors in positioning of the flexed LM metacarpophalangeal joint, LM metatarsophalangeal joint, and DMPaLO carpal views varied from slight to almost perfect. The low repeatability within radiologists on some views suggests that before declaring a radiograph nondiagnostic it is worth considering rereading it at another time. Care should be taken in positioning of the flexed LM metacarpophalangeal, LM metatarsophalangeal, and DMPaLO carpus views to maximize radiograph quality
