The Experts below are selected from a list of 321 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Curtis R. Brandt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Both CD8+ and CD4+ T Cells Contribute to Corneal Clouding and Viral Clearance following Vaccinia Virus Infection in C57BL/6 Mice.
Journal of virology, 2016Co-Authors: Inna V. Larsen, Hilary R Clausius, Aaron W. Kolb, Curtis R. BrandtAbstract:UNLABELLED Vaccinia Virus (VACV) Keratitis is a serious complication following smallpox vaccination and can lead to blindness. The pathological mechanisms involved in ocular VACV infection are poorly understood. Previous studies have used rabbits, but the lack of immune reagents and transgenic or knockout animals makes them less suitable for mechanistic studies. We report that infection of C57BL/6 mice with 1 × 10(7) PFU of vaccinia Virus strain WR results in blepharitis, corneal neovascularization, and stromal Keratitis. The DryVax strain of VACV was completely attenuated. Infection required corneal scarification and replication-competent Virus, and the severity of ocular disease was similar in 4- to 6-week-old and 1-year-old mice. Viral titers peaked at approximately 1 × 10(6) PFU on day 5 postinfection, and Virus had not cleared by day 13 postinfection. Neutrophils were found in the peripheral cornea on day 1 after infection and then declined, followed by infiltration of both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, which remained peripheral throughout the infection. Blood vessel growth extended 2 to 5 mm into the cornea from the limbus. Infection of CD4(-/-), CD8(-/-), or antibody-depleted mice resulted in similar disease severity and corneal clouding, indicating that both T-cell subsets were involved in the immunopathological response. Depletion of both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells resulted in significantly more severe disease and failure to clear the Virus. On the basis of our results, the pathology of VACV Keratitis is significantly different from that of herpes simplex Virus Keratitis. Further studies are likely to reveal novel information regarding virulence and immune responses to viral ocular infection. IMPORTANCE Potentially blinding eye infections can occur after vaccination for smallpox. Very little is known about the pathological mechanisms that are involved, and the information that is available was generated using rabbit models. The lack of immunological reagents for rabbits makes such studies difficult. We characterized a mouse model of vaccinia Virus ocular disease using C57BL/6 mice and strain WR and show that both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell subsets play a role in the blinding eye disease and in controlling Virus replication. On the basis of these results, vaccinia Virus Keratitis is significantly different from herpes simplex Virus Keratitis, and further studies using this model should generate novel insights into immunopathological responses to viral ocular infection.
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Evaluation of Therapeutic Interventions for Vaccinia Virus Keratitis
The Journal of infectious diseases, 2011Co-Authors: Sharon Altmann, Megan Toomey, Brittany Nesbit, Jill Covert, Christopher J. Murphy, Curtis R. Brandt, Ravi Kumar Patnaikuni, Teresa Takla, K. B. Mcintyre, Richard R. DubielzigAbstract:Background. Vaccinia Virus Keratitis (VACVK) is a complication of smallpox vaccination that can result in blindness. There are no Food and Drug Administration–approved treatments for VACVK, and vaccinia immunoglobulin (VIG) is contraindicated in isolated VACVK. We used a rabbit model of infection to compare several therapeutic options for VACVK. Methods. Rabbit eyes were infected with 10 5 plaque-forming units of the Dryvax strain of vaccinia Virus and scored daily for 28 days using a modified MacDonald-Shadduck scoring system. Animals were treated for 10 days after the onset of Keratitis with albumin, VIG, prednisolone acetate, trifluridine, or combinations thereof. Ocular viral titers and vaccinia-specific antibody titers were determined by plaque assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Results. Treatment with intravenous VIG neither exacerbated nor ameliorated VACVK. Topical prednisolone acetate interfered with viral clearance, and ocular disease rebounded in prednisolone-treated groups. The most effective treatment was topical trifluridine alone. Conclusions. We conclude that (1) VIG did not negatively affect the treatment of isolated Keratitis, (2) topical corticosteroids should not be used for treating VACVK, and (3) treatment with topical trifluridine, with or without intravenous VIG, is the preferred therapeutic regimen for treating VACVK.
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Kinetics of immune cell infiltration in vaccinia Virus Keratitis.
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2010Co-Authors: Sharon Altmann, Megan Toomey, Brittany Nesbit, Kim Mcintyre, Jill Covert, Richard R. Dubielzig, Gary Leatherberry, Elizabeth Adkins, Christopher J. Murphy, Curtis R. BrandtAbstract:PURPOSE. Vaccinia Virus Keratitis leading to blindness is a severe complication of smallpox vaccination. The clinical manifestations of vaccinia Virus Keratitis are similar to those of herpes simplex Virus Keratitis, a well-studied immunopathologic disease. Vaccinia Virus Keratitis is likely to involve an immunopathologic component, but little is known about the pathogenesis of the disease. The goal of this study was to determine type and kinetics of immune cell infiltration in the cornea during vaccinia Virus Keratitis. METHODS. Rabbit eyes were trephined and inoculated with 1 10 5 pfu of the Dryvax strain of the vaccinia Virus. On days 2, 4, 7, 10, 14, and 28 after infection, the animals were scored for clinical disease and eye sections were stained for B cells, CD4 cells, CD8 cells, and neutrophils. The eyelid, ciliary body, cornea, iris, iridocorneal angle, and choroid were examined. RESULTS. Corneal vaccinia Virus challenge resulted in the infiltration of B cells, CD4 cells, CD8 cells, and neutrophils into the cornea and eyelids. Neutrophils were the predominant cell type on days 2 and 3 after infection, whereas CD4 cells were the predominant cell type detected in corneas on days 4 through 10. CD8 cells and B cells peaked on day 10, but at lower levels than CD4 cells and neutrophils. CONCLUSIONS. These results suggest that sequential migration of neutrophils, then CD4 cells, plays an important role in vaccinia Virus Keratitis. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010;51: 4541‐4548) DOI:10.1167/iovs.09-5107
Samuel C M Huang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Alport syndrome with recurrent herpes simplex Virus Keratitis.
Cornea, 2007Co-Authors: Pei-chen Chung, Hu-shien Song, Wan-chen Ku, Samuel C M HuangAbstract:To report a case of Alport syndrome with recurrent herpes simplex Virus (HSV) Keratitis. Case report and review of the literature. A 29-year-old man with Alport syndrome suffered from 4 consecutive episodes of HSV Keratitis within 2 years. A type IV collagen defect in basement membranes plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alport syndrome. The relationship between HSV Keratitis and Alport syndrome is discussed. After remission from HSV Keratitis, the patient underwent bilateral phacoemulsification and posterior-chamber intraocular lens implantation for anterior lenticonus and an anterior polar cataract. After surgery, the uncorrected visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes. We assume that the underlying basement membrane defects in Alport syndrome may account for the recurrent episodes of HSV Keratitis in this patient. In addition, phacoemulsification and posterior-chamber intraocular lens implantation, rather than correction of refractive errors, provide a safe and efficient therapeutic choice for the management of anterior lenticonus, with or without associated cataract in patients with Alport syndrome.
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Alport syndrome with recurrent herpes simplex Virus Keratitis.
Cornea, 2007Co-Authors: Pei-chen Chung, Hu-shien Song, Samuel C M Huang, Ken-kuo Lin, Chi-chin SunAbstract:PURPOSE To report a case of Alport syndrome with recurrent herpes simplex Virus (HSV) Keratitis. METHODS Case report and review of the literature. RESULTS A 29-year-old man with Alport syndrome suffered from 4 consecutive episodes of HSV Keratitis within 2 years. A type IV collagen defect in basement membranes plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alport syndrome. The relationship between HSV Keratitis and Alport syndrome is discussed. After remission from HSV Keratitis, the patient underwent bilateral phacoemulsification and posterior-chamber intraocular lens implantation for anterior lenticonus and an anterior polar cataract. After surgery, the uncorrected visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes. CONCLUSIONS We assume that the underlying basement membrane defects in Alport syndrome may account for the recurrent episodes of HSV Keratitis in this patient. In addition, phacoemulsification and posterior-chamber intraocular lens implantation, rather than correction of refractive errors, provide a safe and efficient therapeutic choice for the management of anterior lenticonus, with or without associated cataract in patients with Alport syndrome.
Pei-chen Chung - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Alport syndrome with recurrent herpes simplex Virus Keratitis.
Cornea, 2007Co-Authors: Pei-chen Chung, Hu-shien Song, Wan-chen Ku, Samuel C M HuangAbstract:To report a case of Alport syndrome with recurrent herpes simplex Virus (HSV) Keratitis. Case report and review of the literature. A 29-year-old man with Alport syndrome suffered from 4 consecutive episodes of HSV Keratitis within 2 years. A type IV collagen defect in basement membranes plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alport syndrome. The relationship between HSV Keratitis and Alport syndrome is discussed. After remission from HSV Keratitis, the patient underwent bilateral phacoemulsification and posterior-chamber intraocular lens implantation for anterior lenticonus and an anterior polar cataract. After surgery, the uncorrected visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes. We assume that the underlying basement membrane defects in Alport syndrome may account for the recurrent episodes of HSV Keratitis in this patient. In addition, phacoemulsification and posterior-chamber intraocular lens implantation, rather than correction of refractive errors, provide a safe and efficient therapeutic choice for the management of anterior lenticonus, with or without associated cataract in patients with Alport syndrome.
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Alport syndrome with recurrent herpes simplex Virus Keratitis.
Cornea, 2007Co-Authors: Pei-chen Chung, Hu-shien Song, Samuel C M Huang, Ken-kuo Lin, Chi-chin SunAbstract:PURPOSE To report a case of Alport syndrome with recurrent herpes simplex Virus (HSV) Keratitis. METHODS Case report and review of the literature. RESULTS A 29-year-old man with Alport syndrome suffered from 4 consecutive episodes of HSV Keratitis within 2 years. A type IV collagen defect in basement membranes plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alport syndrome. The relationship between HSV Keratitis and Alport syndrome is discussed. After remission from HSV Keratitis, the patient underwent bilateral phacoemulsification and posterior-chamber intraocular lens implantation for anterior lenticonus and an anterior polar cataract. After surgery, the uncorrected visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes. CONCLUSIONS We assume that the underlying basement membrane defects in Alport syndrome may account for the recurrent episodes of HSV Keratitis in this patient. In addition, phacoemulsification and posterior-chamber intraocular lens implantation, rather than correction of refractive errors, provide a safe and efficient therapeutic choice for the management of anterior lenticonus, with or without associated cataract in patients with Alport syndrome.
Todd P. Margolis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Unilateral Posterior Interstitial Keratitis as a Clinical Presentation of Herpes Simplex Virus Disease.
Cornea, 2018Co-Authors: Asim V. Farooq, Grace L. Paley, Anthony J. Lubniewski, John A. Gonzales, Todd P. MargolisAbstract:To describe a case series of patients with unilateral, posterior interstitial Keratitis presumed to be caused by herpes simplex Virus.Retrospective case series.Five patients were found to have unilateral, posterior interstitial Keratitis. Three of the involved eyes had decreased corneal sensation, and 2 eyes had corneal stromal neovascularization. All patients were treated with topical steroids and an oral antiviral, and among those with long-term follow-up, clinical improvement required treatment over an extended duration. A review of the literature revealed 1 reported case with a similar clinical appearance, although that case was attributed to Lyme disease.The clinical presentation of unilateral, posterior interstitial Keratitis may be a rare manifestation of herpes simplex Virus Keratitis.
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Chronic Recurrent Varicella-Zoster Virus Keratitis Confirmed by Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing
American journal of ophthalmology, 2005Co-Authors: M. Teresa Magone, Robert E. Nasser, A. Vicky Cevallos, Todd P. MargolisAbstract:PURPOSE: To report a case of chronic recurrent varicella Virus epithelial Keratitis in a child. DESIGN: Case report. METHODS: Clinical examination and polymerase chain reaction analysis of corneal epithelium. RESULTS: A 10-year-old healthy child developed chronic recurrent varicella Virus Keratitis with pseudodendrites after recovering from systemic varicella. Analysis of the debrided pseudodendrites was repeatedly positive for VZV DNA and negative for HSV DNA. Treatment with oral acyclovir and topical corticosteroid drops was effective in eliminating the pseudodendrites; however, recurrences occurred once the medications were discontinued. CONCLUSIONS: Varicella Virus epithelial Keratitis in children can be a recurrent chronic condition requiring prolonged treatment.
Kristina Lindsley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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oral antivirals for preventing recurrence of herpes simplex Virus Keratitis
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2017Co-Authors: Paola De La Parracolin, Manuel Garzaleon, Gabriela Ortiznieva, Tonatiuh Barrientosgutierrez, Kristina LindsleyAbstract:Reason for withdrawal from publication The Cochrane Eyes and Vision Editorial Team have withdrawn this protocol as it was published in 2013 and the methods are now out of date.
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The Cochrane Library - Oral antivirals for preventing recurrence of herpes simplex Virus Keratitis
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2017Co-Authors: Paola De La Parra-colín, Manuel Garza-león, Gabriela Ortiz-nieva, Tonatiuh Barrientos-gutierrez, Kristina LindsleyAbstract:Reason for withdrawal from publication The Cochrane Eyes and Vision Editorial Team have withdrawn this protocol as it was published in 2013 and the methods are now out of date.
