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M. Longshaw - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Virus-Like Particles associated with mortalities of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum in England.
    Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 2012
    Co-Authors: Kelly S. Bateman, P. White, M. Longshaw
    Abstract:

    : Mortalities of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum (Adams & Reeve, 1850) were reported in southern England (Kent and Poole Harbour) during late spring of 2008. In response to these reported mortalities, samples were collected from 5 sites across the south coast of England. Clams were sampled for both histology and electron microscopy. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed unenveloped Virus-Like Particles within the connective tissue of the gills and surrounding the tubules in the digestive gland. The Virus-Like Particles appeared to be free within the cytoplasm or associated with endoplasmic reticulum membranes and cytoplasmic vesicles. Particles were icosahedral in shape, with a diameter of 25 to 30 nm. The location, size and morphology of the Virus-Like Particles suggest that they belong to the Picornaviridae family. This is the first report of this virus infection in wild and farmed R. philippinarum within the UK.

  • Virus-Like Particles associated with mortalities of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum in England.
    Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 2012
    Co-Authors: Kelly S. Bateman, P. White, M. Longshaw
    Abstract:

    Mortalities of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum (Adams & Reeve, 1850) were reported in southern England (Kent and Poole Harbour) during late spring of 2008. In response to these reported mortalities, samples were collected from 5 sites across the south coast of England. Clams were sampled for both histology and electron microscopy. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed unenveloped Virus-Like Particles within the connective tissue of the gills and surrounding the tubules in the digestive gland. The Virus-Like Particles appeared to be free within the cytoplasm or associated with endoplasmic reticulum membranes and cytoplasmic vesicles. Particles were icosahedral in shape, with a diameter of 25 to 30 nm. The location, size and morphology of the Virus-Like Particles suggest that they belong to the Picornaviridae family. This is the first report of this virus infection in wild and farmed R. philippinarum within the UK.

Kelly S. Bateman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Virus-Like Particles associated with mortalities of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum in England.
    Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 2012
    Co-Authors: Kelly S. Bateman, P. White, M. Longshaw
    Abstract:

    : Mortalities of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum (Adams & Reeve, 1850) were reported in southern England (Kent and Poole Harbour) during late spring of 2008. In response to these reported mortalities, samples were collected from 5 sites across the south coast of England. Clams were sampled for both histology and electron microscopy. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed unenveloped Virus-Like Particles within the connective tissue of the gills and surrounding the tubules in the digestive gland. The Virus-Like Particles appeared to be free within the cytoplasm or associated with endoplasmic reticulum membranes and cytoplasmic vesicles. Particles were icosahedral in shape, with a diameter of 25 to 30 nm. The location, size and morphology of the Virus-Like Particles suggest that they belong to the Picornaviridae family. This is the first report of this virus infection in wild and farmed R. philippinarum within the UK.

  • Virus-Like Particles associated with mortalities of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum in England.
    Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 2012
    Co-Authors: Kelly S. Bateman, P. White, M. Longshaw
    Abstract:

    Mortalities of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum (Adams & Reeve, 1850) were reported in southern England (Kent and Poole Harbour) during late spring of 2008. In response to these reported mortalities, samples were collected from 5 sites across the south coast of England. Clams were sampled for both histology and electron microscopy. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed unenveloped Virus-Like Particles within the connective tissue of the gills and surrounding the tubules in the digestive gland. The Virus-Like Particles appeared to be free within the cytoplasm or associated with endoplasmic reticulum membranes and cytoplasmic vesicles. Particles were icosahedral in shape, with a diameter of 25 to 30 nm. The location, size and morphology of the Virus-Like Particles suggest that they belong to the Picornaviridae family. This is the first report of this virus infection in wild and farmed R. philippinarum within the UK.

Brian Mullins - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • cells infected with scrapie and creutzfeldt jakob disease agents produce intracellular 25 nm virus like Particles
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2007
    Co-Authors: Laura Manuelidis, Nuria Barquero, Brian Mullins
    Abstract:

    We had repeatedly found ≈25-nm-diameter Virus-Like Particles in highly infectious brain fractions with little prion protein (PrP), and therefore we searched for similar Virus-Like Particles in situ in infected cell lines with high titers. Neuroblastoma cells infected with the 22L strain of scrapie as well as hypothalamic GT cells infected with the FU Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease agent, but not parallel mock controls, displayed dense 25-nm Virus-Like Particles in orthogonal arrays. These Particles had no relation to abnormal PrP amyloid in situ, nor were they labeled by PrP antibodies that faithfully recognized rough endoplasmic reticulum membranes and amyloid fibrils, the predicted sites of normal and pathological intracellular PrP. Additionally, phorbol ester stimulated the production of abnormal PrP gel bands by >5-fold in infected N2a + 22L cells, yet this did not increase either the number of Virus-Like arrays or the infectious titer of these cells. Thus, the 25-nm infection-associated Particles could not be prions. Synaptic differentiation and neurodegeneration, as well as retroviruses that populate the rough endoplasmic reticulum of neuroblastoma cells, were not required for particle production. The 25-nm particle arrays in cultured cells strongly resembled those first described in 1968 in synaptic regions of scrapie-infected brain and subsequently identified in many natural and experimental TSEs. The high infectivity of comparable, isolated Virus-Like Particles that show no intrinsic PrP by antibody labeling, combined with their loss of infectivity when nucleic acid–protein complexes are disrupted, make it likely that these 25-nm Particles are the causal TSE virions that induce late-stage PrP brain pathology.

  • Cells infected with scrapie and Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease agents produce intracellular 25-nm Virus-Like Particles
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2007
    Co-Authors: Laura Manuelidis, Zhoa-xue Yu, Nuria Barquero, Brian Mullins
    Abstract:

    We had repeatedly found ≈25-nm-diameter Virus-Like Particles in highly infectious brain fractions with little prion protein (PrP), and therefore we searched for similar Virus-Like Particles in situ in infected cell lines with high titers. Neuroblastoma cells infected with the 22L strain of scrapie as well as hypothalamic GT cells infected with the FU Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease agent, but not parallel mock controls, displayed dense 25-nm Virus-Like Particles in orthogonal arrays. These Particles had no relation to abnormal PrP amyloid in situ, nor were they labeled by PrP antibodies that faithfully recognized rough endoplasmic reticulum membranes and amyloid fibrils, the predicted sites of normal and pathological intracellular PrP. Additionally, phorbol ester stimulated the production of abnormal PrP gel bands by >5-fold in infected N2a + 22L cells, yet this did not increase either the number of Virus-Like arrays or the infectious titer of these cells. Thus, the 25-nm infection-associated Particles could not be prions. Synaptic differentiation and neurodegeneration, as well as retroviruses that populate the rough endoplasmic reticulum of neuroblastoma cells, were not required for particle production. The 25-nm particle arrays in cultured cells strongly resembled those first described in 1968 in synaptic regions of scrapie-infected brain and subsequently identified in many natural and experimental TSEs. The high infectivity of comparable, isolated Virus-Like Particles that show no intrinsic PrP by antibody labeling, combined with their loss of infectivity when nucleic acid–protein complexes are disrupted, make it likely that these 25-nm Particles are the causal TSE virions that induce late-stage PrP brain pathology.

P. White - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Virus-Like Particles associated with mortalities of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum in England.
    Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 2012
    Co-Authors: Kelly S. Bateman, P. White, M. Longshaw
    Abstract:

    : Mortalities of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum (Adams & Reeve, 1850) were reported in southern England (Kent and Poole Harbour) during late spring of 2008. In response to these reported mortalities, samples were collected from 5 sites across the south coast of England. Clams were sampled for both histology and electron microscopy. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed unenveloped Virus-Like Particles within the connective tissue of the gills and surrounding the tubules in the digestive gland. The Virus-Like Particles appeared to be free within the cytoplasm or associated with endoplasmic reticulum membranes and cytoplasmic vesicles. Particles were icosahedral in shape, with a diameter of 25 to 30 nm. The location, size and morphology of the Virus-Like Particles suggest that they belong to the Picornaviridae family. This is the first report of this virus infection in wild and farmed R. philippinarum within the UK.

  • Virus-Like Particles associated with mortalities of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum in England.
    Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 2012
    Co-Authors: Kelly S. Bateman, P. White, M. Longshaw
    Abstract:

    Mortalities of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum (Adams & Reeve, 1850) were reported in southern England (Kent and Poole Harbour) during late spring of 2008. In response to these reported mortalities, samples were collected from 5 sites across the south coast of England. Clams were sampled for both histology and electron microscopy. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed unenveloped Virus-Like Particles within the connective tissue of the gills and surrounding the tubules in the digestive gland. The Virus-Like Particles appeared to be free within the cytoplasm or associated with endoplasmic reticulum membranes and cytoplasmic vesicles. Particles were icosahedral in shape, with a diameter of 25 to 30 nm. The location, size and morphology of the Virus-Like Particles suggest that they belong to the Picornaviridae family. This is the first report of this virus infection in wild and farmed R. philippinarum within the UK.

Mikal Heldal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Occurrence of Virus-Like Particles in the Dead Sea.
    Extremophiles, 1997
    Co-Authors: Aharon Oren, Gunnar Bratbak, Mikal Heldal
    Abstract:

    Electron-microscopic examination of water samples from the hypersaline Dead Sea showed the presence of high numbers of Virus-Like Particles. Between 0.9 and 7.3 × 107 Virus-Like Particles ml−1 were enumerated in October 1994 in the upper 20 m of the water column during the decline of a bloom of halophilic Archaea. Virus-Like Particles outnumbered bacteria by a factor of 0.9–9.5 (average 4.4). A variety of viral morphologies were detected, the most often encountered being spindle-shaped, followed by polyhedral and tailed phages. In addition, other types of Particles were frequently found, such as unidentified algal scales, and virus-sized star-shaped Particles. Water samples collected during 1995 contained low numbers of both bacteria and Virus-Like Particles (1.9–2.6 × 106 and 0.8–4.6 × 107 ml−1 in April 1995), with viral numbers sharply declining afterwards (less than 104 ml−1 in November 1995–January 1996). It is suggested that viruses may play a major role in the decline of halophilic archaeal communities in the Dead Sea, an environment in which protozoa and other predators are absent.

  • virus like Particles in a summer bloom of emiliania huxleyi in the north sea
    Aquatic Microbial Ecology, 1996
    Co-Authors: Cpd Brussaard, R S Kempers, R Riegman, Mikal Heldal
    Abstract:

    The importance of viruses in controlling a bloom of the coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi in the North Sea was investigated during summer 1993. Viral infection of E. huxleyi was highest in the decaying phase of the bloom. Up to 50% of E. huxleyi cells were visibly infected. For E, huxleyi, 2 types of Virus-Like Particles are reported. They differed in size and were occassionally found within the same cell. The infection level of the large Virus-Like Particles was never higher than 25%. Viral lysis of E, huxleyi within the nitrogen-limited decaying phase of the bloom seemed an important source of organic carbon utilized by bacteria. In addition to infection in E. huxleyi, we also found severe viral infection in Chrysochromulina sp. Our results show that in natural ecosystems viruses can be a significant source of phytoplankton mortality, influencing phytoplankton (bloom) dynamics and the microbial food web.