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Amardeep K. Gilhotra - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ophthalmology and Vision Science research: Part 5: Surfing or sieving—using literature databases wisely
Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, 2006Co-Authors: Trevor Sherwin, Amardeep K. GilhotraAbstract:Literature databases are an ever-expanding resource available to the field of medical Sciences. Understanding how to use such databases efficiently is critical for those involved in research. However, for the uninitiated, getting started is a major hurdle to overcome and for the occasional user, the finer points of database searching remain an unacquired skill. In the fifth and final article in this series aimed at those embarking on ophthalmology and Vision Science research, we look at how the beginning researcher can start to use literature databases and, by using a stepwise approach, how they can optimize their use. This instructional paper gives a hypothetical example of a researcher writing a review article and how he or she acquires the necessary scientific literature for the article. A prototype search of the Medline database is used to illustrate how even a novice might swiftly acquire the skills required for a medium-level search. It provides examples and key tips that can increase the proficiency of the occasional user. Pitfalls of database searching are discussed, as are the limitations of which the user should be aware.
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Ophthalmology and Vision Science research: part 5: surfing or sieving--using literature databases wisely.
Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery, 2006Co-Authors: Trevor Sherwin, Amardeep K. GilhotraAbstract:Literature databases are an ever-expanding resource available to the field of medical Sciences. Understanding how to use such databases efficiently is critical for those involved in research. However, for the uninitiated, getting started is a major hurdle to overcome and for the occasional user, the finer points of database searching remain an unacquired skill. In the fifth and final article in this series aimed at those embarking on ophthalmology and Vision Science research, we look at how the beginning researcher can start to use literature databases and, by using a stepwise approach, how they can optimize their use. This instructional paper gives a hypothetical example of a researcher writing a review article and how he or she acquires the necessary scientific literature for the article. A prototype search of the Medline database is used to illustrate how even a novice might swiftly acquire the skills required for a medium-level search. It provides examples and key tips that can increase the proficiency of the occasional user. Pitfalls of database searching are discussed, as are the limitations of which the user should be aware.
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SPECIAL REPORT Ophthalmology and Vision Science research Part 5: Surfing or sievingdusing literature databases wisely
2006Co-Authors: Trevor Sherwin, Amardeep K. GilhotraAbstract:Literature databases are an ever-expanding resource available to the field of medical Sciences. Understanding how to use such databases efficiently is critical for those involved in research. However, for the uninitiated, getting started is a major hurdle to overcome and for the occasional user, the finer points of database searching remain an unacquired skill. In the fifth and final article in this series aimed at those embarking on ophthalmology and Vision Science research, we look at how the beginning researcher can start to use literature databases and, by using a stepwise approach, how they can optimize their use. This instructional paper gives a hypothetical example of a researcher writing a review article and how he or she acquires the necessary scientific literature for the article. A prototype search of the Medline database is used to illustrate how even a novice might swiftly acquire the skills required for a medium-level search. It provides examples and key tips that can increase the proficiency of the occasional user. Pitfalls of database searching are discussed, as are the limitations of which the user should be aware. J Cataract Refract Surg 2006; 32:334–340 Q 2006 ASCRS and ESCRS
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Ophthalmology and Vision Science research. Part 4: avoiding rejection--structuring a research paper from introduction to references.
Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery, 2006Co-Authors: Amardeep K. Gilhotra, Charles N J McgheeAbstract:As part of an ongoing series, this fourth article is the second of 2 related articles that deal with the basics of producing a high-quality manuscript. Although ophthalmology and Vision Science are the principal focus of this series, the general concepts essential to producing a quality manuscript are applicable to diverse fields of research. This article provides guidelines on how to present research findings in a structured form using the Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion (IMRaD) style. The components to be included, and equally important excluded, from each section are elucidated in detail. Commonly omitted or inaccurately or incompletely presented components of the manuscript, such as statistical analysis and references, are highlighted. The necessity to carefully refine manuscripts before submission is discussed. This article concludes by illustrating methods of appropriately dealing with referees' comments and resubmitting manuscripts. Although researchers may have to deal with rejection as part of the process, we hope that this series provides an easy-to-follow structure to maximize manuscript quality and improve the prospect of scientific publication.
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SPECIAL REPORT Ophthalmology and Vision Science research Part 4: Avoiding rejectiondstructuring a research paper from introduction to references
2006Co-Authors: Amardeep K. Gilhotra, Charles N J McgheeAbstract:As part of an ongoing series, this fourth article is the second of 2 related articles that deal with the basics of producing a high-quality manuscript. Although ophthalmology and Vision Science are the principal focus of this series, the general concepts essential to producing a quality manuscript are applicable to diverse fields of research. This article provides guidelines on how to present research findings in a structured form using the Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion (IMRaD) style. The components to be included, and equally important excluded, from each section are elucidated in detail. Commonly omitted or inaccurately or incompletely presented components of the manuscript, such as statistical analysis and references, are highlighted. The necessity to carefully refine manuscripts before submission is discussed. This article concludes by illustrating methods of appropriately dealing with referees’ comments and resubmitting manuscripts. Although researchers may have to deal with rejection as part of the process, we hope that this series provides an easy-to-follow structure to maximize manuscript quality and improve the prospect of scientific publication.
Charles N J Mcghee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ophthalmology and Vision Science research. Part 4: avoiding rejection--structuring a research paper from introduction to references.
Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery, 2006Co-Authors: Amardeep K. Gilhotra, Charles N J McgheeAbstract:As part of an ongoing series, this fourth article is the second of 2 related articles that deal with the basics of producing a high-quality manuscript. Although ophthalmology and Vision Science are the principal focus of this series, the general concepts essential to producing a quality manuscript are applicable to diverse fields of research. This article provides guidelines on how to present research findings in a structured form using the Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion (IMRaD) style. The components to be included, and equally important excluded, from each section are elucidated in detail. Commonly omitted or inaccurately or incompletely presented components of the manuscript, such as statistical analysis and references, are highlighted. The necessity to carefully refine manuscripts before submission is discussed. This article concludes by illustrating methods of appropriately dealing with referees' comments and resubmitting manuscripts. Although researchers may have to deal with rejection as part of the process, we hope that this series provides an easy-to-follow structure to maximize manuscript quality and improve the prospect of scientific publication.
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SPECIAL REPORT Ophthalmology and Vision Science research Part 4: Avoiding rejectiondstructuring a research paper from introduction to references
2006Co-Authors: Amardeep K. Gilhotra, Charles N J McgheeAbstract:As part of an ongoing series, this fourth article is the second of 2 related articles that deal with the basics of producing a high-quality manuscript. Although ophthalmology and Vision Science are the principal focus of this series, the general concepts essential to producing a quality manuscript are applicable to diverse fields of research. This article provides guidelines on how to present research findings in a structured form using the Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion (IMRaD) style. The components to be included, and equally important excluded, from each section are elucidated in detail. Commonly omitted or inaccurately or incompletely presented components of the manuscript, such as statistical analysis and references, are highlighted. The necessity to carefully refine manuscripts before submission is discussed. This article concludes by illustrating methods of appropriately dealing with referees’ comments and resubmitting manuscripts. Although researchers may have to deal with rejection as part of the process, we hope that this series provides an easy-to-follow structure to maximize manuscript quality and improve the prospect of scientific publication.
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Ophthalmology and Vision Science research. Part 1: Understanding and using journal impact factors and citation indices.
Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery, 2005Co-Authors: Victoria A Cartwright, Charles N J McgheeAbstract:In an increasingly "publish or perish" clinical and academic environment, all clinicians and clinician-scientists involved in research must have a firm understanding of the measures commonly used to assess the quality of scientific journals and, by default, those extended to grade individual articles and authors. The publication of research is a vital part of clinical and experimental research, and citation analyses of research publications have increasingly been adopted as a means of assessing the apparent quality of journals and the research published therein. In the first of a series of articles for those embarking on ophthalmic and Vision Science research, this paper discusses the key features of citation analysis, concentrating on the 2004 Journal Citation Report figures for the field of ophthalmology that include 42 ophthalmology, Vision Science, physiological optics, and optometry journals. The Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) calculates a number of parameters including citation counts, Journal Impact Factor (JIF), Immediacy Index, and cited/citing half-life. This article discusses the methods of calculation and possible uses along with current controversies and potential abuses. The JIF and its relevance, potential bias, and limitations are discussed in depth as it has become the most widely used analysis of journal quality. The possible alternatives to ISI citation analysis are presented, and we conclude that citation analysis can be considered a reasonable measure of journal research quality only if used correctly.
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SPECIAL REPORTS Ophthalmology and Vision Science research Part 1: Understanding and using journal impact factors and citation indices
2005Co-Authors: Victoria A Cartwright, Charles N J McgheeAbstract:In an increasingly ‘‘publish or perish’’ clinical and academic environment, all clinicians and clinician–scientists involved in research must have a firm understanding of the measures commonly used to assess the quality of scientific journals and, by default, those extended to grade individual articles and authors. The publication of research is a vital part of clinical and experimental research, and citation analyses of research publications have increasingly been adopted as a means of assessing the apparent quality of journals and the research published therein. In the first of a series of articles for those embarking on ophthalmic and Vision Science research, this paper discusses the key features of citation analysis, concentrating on the 2004 Journal Citation Report figures for the field of ophthalmology that include 42 ophthalmology, Vision Science, physiological optics, and optometry journals. The Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) calculates a number of parameters including citation counts, Journal Impact Factor (JIF), Immediacy Index, and cited/citing half-life. This article discusses the methods of calculation and possible uses along with current controversies and potential abuses. The JIF and its relevance, potential bias, and limitations are discussed in depth as it has become the most widely used analysis of journal quality. The possible alternatives to ISI citation analysis are presented, and we conclude that citation analysis can be considered a reasonable measure of journal research quality only if used correctly. J Cataract Refract Surg 2005; 31:1999–2007 Q 2005 ASCRS and ESCRS
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Ophthalmology and Vision Science research: part 2: How to commence research--Eureka or that's a little unusual?
Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery, 2005Co-Authors: Charles N J Mcghee, Amardeep K. GilhotraAbstract:Understanding the key elements that increase the likelihood of project success is fundamental for those embarking on research. The first article in this series placed scientific journals in perspective in relation to Journal Impact Factors and citation indices. This second article in a series primarily aimed at those commencing research, particularly in the area of ophthalmology and Vision Science, delineates the interrelated components that are required to complete a research project. Successful research projects seldom emerge from serendipitous observation, and most evolve through a combination of inspiration, careful planning, and a great deal of industry. Beginning researchers must first be clear about their reason(s) for pursuing research and should identify potential mentors and collaborators at the outset. This article discusses methods of identifying suitable projects and mentors. Ten component areas necessary to complete a research project are addressed, with reference to relevant published literature, under the following topic areas: mentors and collaborators; finding a research topic; confirming suitability of the topic; defining the research question; developing the hypothesis; key considerations in study design; threats to study validity; study sample size; benefits and limitations of clinical Science; completing to publication. This guide is intended to be applicable to all embarking on research, but particularly to those with an interest in the visual system. The final 3 articles in this series will deal with writing a research paper to publication standard, working successfully with the journal review process, and refining electronic literature searches.
Elissa M. Aminoff - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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BOLD5000, a public fMRI dataset while viewing 5000 visual images
Scientific Data, 2019Co-Authors: Nadine Chang, John A. Pyles, Austin Marcus, Abhinav Gupta, Michael J. Tarr, Elissa M. AminoffAbstract:Design Type(s) data collection and processing objective • repeated measure design • modeling and simulation objective Measurement Type(s) brain activity measurement Technology Type(s) functional magnetic resonance imaging Factor Type(s) age • sex Sample Characteristic(s) Homo sapiens • brain Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data (ISA-Tab format) Vision Science, particularly machine Vision, has been revolutionized by introducing large-scale image datasets and statistical learning approaches. Yet, human neuroimaging studies of visual perception still rely on small numbers of images (around 100) due to time-constrained experimental procedures. To apply statistical learning approaches that include neuroScience, the number of images used in neuroimaging must be significantly increased. We present BOLD5000, a human functional MRI (fMRI) study that includes almost 5,000 distinct images depicting real-world scenes. Beyond dramatically increasing image dataset size relative to prior fMRI studies, BOLD5000 also accounts for image diversity, overlapping with standard computer Vision datasets by incorporating images from the Scene UNderstanding (SUN), Common Objects in Context (COCO), and ImageNet datasets. The scale and diversity of these image datasets, combined with a slow event-related fMRI design, enables fine-grained exploration into the neural representation of a wide range of visual features, categories, and semantics. Concurrently, BOLD5000 brings us closer to realizing Marr’s dream of a singular Vision Science–the intertwined study of biological and computer Vision.
Brian P Keane - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Vision Science and schizophrenia research toward a re view of the disorder editors introduction to special section
Schizophrenia Bulletin, 2011Co-Authors: Steven M Silverstein, Brian P KeaneAbstract:This theme section on Vision Science and schizophrenia research demonstrates that our understanding of the disorder could be significantly accelerated by a greater adoption of the methods of Vision Science. In this introduction, we briefly describe what Vision Science is, how it has advanced our understanding of schizophrenia, and what challenges and opportunities lay ahead regarding schizophrenia research. We then summarize the articles that follow. These include reviews of abnormal form perception (perceptual organization and backward masking) and motion processing, and an article on reduced size contrast illusions experienced by hearing but not deaf persons with schizophrenia. These articles reveal that the methods of basic Vision research can provide insights into a number of aspects of the disorder, including pathophysiology, development, cognition, social cognition, and phenomenology. Importantly, studies of visual processing in schizophrenia make it clear that there are impairments in the functioning of basic neural mechanisms (eg, center-surround modulation, contextual modulation of feedforward processing, reentrant processing) that are found throughout the cortex and that are operative in multiple forms of cognitive dysfunction in the illness. Such evidence allows for an updated view of schizophrenia as a condition involving generalized failures in neural network formation and maintenance, as opposed to a primary failure in a higher level factor (eg, cognitive control) that accounts for all other types of perceptual and cognitive dysfunction. Finally, studies of Vision in schizophrenia can identify sensitive probes of neural functioning that can be used as biomarkers of treatment response.
Nadine Chang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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BOLD5000, a public fMRI dataset while viewing 5000 visual images
Scientific Data, 2019Co-Authors: Nadine Chang, John A. Pyles, Austin Marcus, Abhinav Gupta, Michael J. Tarr, Elissa M. AminoffAbstract:Design Type(s) data collection and processing objective • repeated measure design • modeling and simulation objective Measurement Type(s) brain activity measurement Technology Type(s) functional magnetic resonance imaging Factor Type(s) age • sex Sample Characteristic(s) Homo sapiens • brain Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data (ISA-Tab format) Vision Science, particularly machine Vision, has been revolutionized by introducing large-scale image datasets and statistical learning approaches. Yet, human neuroimaging studies of visual perception still rely on small numbers of images (around 100) due to time-constrained experimental procedures. To apply statistical learning approaches that include neuroScience, the number of images used in neuroimaging must be significantly increased. We present BOLD5000, a human functional MRI (fMRI) study that includes almost 5,000 distinct images depicting real-world scenes. Beyond dramatically increasing image dataset size relative to prior fMRI studies, BOLD5000 also accounts for image diversity, overlapping with standard computer Vision datasets by incorporating images from the Scene UNderstanding (SUN), Common Objects in Context (COCO), and ImageNet datasets. The scale and diversity of these image datasets, combined with a slow event-related fMRI design, enables fine-grained exploration into the neural representation of a wide range of visual features, categories, and semantics. Concurrently, BOLD5000 brings us closer to realizing Marr’s dream of a singular Vision Science–the intertwined study of biological and computer Vision.
