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J.f. Mornex - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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characterization of the lymphocytic alveolitis in Visna Maedi Virus induced interstitial lung disease of sheep
Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 2008Co-Authors: G Cordier, J L Cadore, Gregoire Cozon, Francois Guiguen, M F Jacquier, J.f. MornexAbstract:In order to investigate the contribution of lymphocytes to interstitial lung disease in animals with Visna-Maedi infection, we studied in parallel bronchoalveolar cells and lung tissue from slaughter-house animals (n = 29) and from colostrum-deprived lambs transtracheally inoculated with field isolates of Visna-Maedi Virus (n = 9) or saline (n = 6). Lymphocyte subpopulations were identified in bronchoalveolar lavage by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry analysis and in lung tissue using indirect immunohistochemistry. In infected animals a lymphocytic alveolitis containing CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes was observed. Peribronchovascular lymphoid nodules comprise mostly CD4 lymphocytes. Alveolar lymphocytes of both subsets displayed increased expression of MHC class II antigens in animals with naturally occurring Maedi but not in experimentally infected ones. A sequential process of lymphocyte attraction and activation is likely to occur in vivo as part of the alveolitis.
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conserved sequence motifs involving the tat reading frame of brazilian caprine lentiViruses indicate affiliations to both caprine arthritis encephalitis Virus and Visna Maedi Virus
Journal of General Virology, 1999Co-Authors: R S Castro, J.f. Mornex, Timothy Greenland, R C Leite, A M G Gouveia, G CordierAbstract:The sequence variation in small ruminant lentiViruses from Brazilian herds of milking goats was sampled in a representative region of the pol gene and in a region including the entire tat open reading frame. Clones were amplified from cDNA derived from Virus produced in vitro using primers targetting conserved sequences of the pol gene. Iterative sequencing of clones indicated that animals from two herds in the Minas Gerais area were infected by a caprine arthritis-encephalitis Virus (CAEV)-like Virus and that individual animals carried variant Virus populations. Sequences derived from an infected goat from a herd in Pernambuco showed no nucleic acid variation and were distant from the CAEV-type sequence but marginally closer to ovine Visna-Maedi Virus (VMV) sequences. Sequences amplified from a region including the tat gene, amplified with a common upstream primer within the vif coding region and different downstream primers because of the local divergence between CAEV- and VMV-type sequences, confirmed the affiliation of the Minas Gerais sequences to CAEV and indicated that the Pernambuco isolate was indeed related to VMV, which had not previously been reported to cause natural caprine infection. The overlap between the vif and tat open reading frames clearly distinguished between CAEV-like small ruminant lentiViruses, which shared eight common nucleotides, and the VMV group, where the overlap was reduced to a single base; the final adenine of the vif terminator (TAA) is the initial adenine of the presumptive tat initiator codon. This may be useful for epizoological tracing of the origin of outbreaks.
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Presence of a unique parainfluenza Virus 3 strain identified by RT-PCR in Visna-Maedi Virus infected sheep
Veterinary Microbiology, 1997Co-Authors: M. Lyon, T. Greenland, C. Leroux, Joelle Chastang, J. Patet, J.f. MornexAbstract:The presence in farm sheep of a paramyxoVirus closely related to parainfluenza Virus type 3 (Pi3) from humans or cattle was confirmed using RT-PCR on RNA samples from lung cells from slaughtered animals. Sequencing and restriction enzyme patterns of the amplified fragment of the F gene confirms the distinctness of the isolate, and suitable PCR primers allow specific detection of the ovine Virus. A study of the incidence of ovine Pi3 in samples from sheep with or without distinctive histopathological signs of Maedi shows that it is uncommon in aged sheep with overt lentiviral disease, but it occurs at moderate frequency in lambs and may, in the presence of Visna-Maedi Virus, contribute to early lesion formation.
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genomic heterogeneity of small ruminant lentiViruses existenceof heterogeneous populations in sheep and of the samelentiviral genotypes in sheep and goats
Archives of Virology, 1997Co-Authors: C. Leroux, T. Greenland, Joelle Chastang, J.f. MornexAbstract:We have recently shown that French small ruminant lentiViruses (SRLV) from sheep are more similar to Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus (CAEV) than to Visna Maedi Virus (VMV) in a conserved region of the pol gene. To extend these results, we have examined sequences from a variable region of the env gene in French SRLV. We found that they were nearly equally distant from both CAEV and VMV strains, suggesting a considerable divergence since the initial introduction of the Virus. Analysis of separate clones from individual animals showed that some carry a population of variant Viruses. The study of further pol gene sequences from both goats and sheep suggests that viral variants show little or no host species specificity. A phylogenetic tree of pol gene sequences confirmed the presence of a novel genotype of SRLV in France.
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Visna Maedi Virus induced expression of interleukin 8 gene in sheep alveolar cells following experimental in vitro and in vivo infection
Research in Virology, 1996Co-Authors: I Legastelois, G Cordier, Timothy Greenland, Gregoire Cozon, Jeanluc Cadore, Francois Guiguen, J.f. MornexAbstract:Visna-Maedi Virus is a lentiVirus which causes inflammatory disorders in sheep, including a chronic interstitial lung disease resembling that observed in human immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV 1) infection. In view of our previous demonstration of the production of neutrophil chemotactic activity by alveolar macrophages, and given the lymphocytic and neutrophilic nature of the alveolar cell infiltrate in both naturally and experimentally infected animals, we hypothesized that interleukin-8 (IL8) could be a candidate for at least part of the chemotactic activity we described. In this study, we investigated IL8 mRNA expression following Visna-Maedi Virus infection. Northern analysis of total RNA using an ovine IL8-specific probe demonstrated that the IL8 gene is upregulated in alveolar macrophages as a consequence of in vitro infection and in alveolar cells from experimentally infected animals. Using a semi-quantitative RT-PCR method, we showed that various levels of IL8 mRNA are expressed by alveolar cells from infected animals and that they correlate with the intensity of the lesions. In conclusion, Visna-Maedi Virus is able to induce IL8 mRNA expression in sheep alveolar cells. Results from in vivo infected animals suggest that IL8 could play a role in the early build-up of Visna-Maedi Virus-induced lesions.
G Cordier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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characterization of the lymphocytic alveolitis in Visna Maedi Virus induced interstitial lung disease of sheep
Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 2008Co-Authors: G Cordier, J L Cadore, Gregoire Cozon, Francois Guiguen, M F Jacquier, J.f. MornexAbstract:In order to investigate the contribution of lymphocytes to interstitial lung disease in animals with Visna-Maedi infection, we studied in parallel bronchoalveolar cells and lung tissue from slaughter-house animals (n = 29) and from colostrum-deprived lambs transtracheally inoculated with field isolates of Visna-Maedi Virus (n = 9) or saline (n = 6). Lymphocyte subpopulations were identified in bronchoalveolar lavage by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry analysis and in lung tissue using indirect immunohistochemistry. In infected animals a lymphocytic alveolitis containing CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes was observed. Peribronchovascular lymphoid nodules comprise mostly CD4 lymphocytes. Alveolar lymphocytes of both subsets displayed increased expression of MHC class II antigens in animals with naturally occurring Maedi but not in experimentally infected ones. A sequential process of lymphocyte attraction and activation is likely to occur in vivo as part of the alveolitis.
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conserved sequence motifs involving the tat reading frame of brazilian caprine lentiViruses indicate affiliations to both caprine arthritis encephalitis Virus and Visna Maedi Virus
Journal of General Virology, 1999Co-Authors: R S Castro, J.f. Mornex, Timothy Greenland, R C Leite, A M G Gouveia, G CordierAbstract:The sequence variation in small ruminant lentiViruses from Brazilian herds of milking goats was sampled in a representative region of the pol gene and in a region including the entire tat open reading frame. Clones were amplified from cDNA derived from Virus produced in vitro using primers targetting conserved sequences of the pol gene. Iterative sequencing of clones indicated that animals from two herds in the Minas Gerais area were infected by a caprine arthritis-encephalitis Virus (CAEV)-like Virus and that individual animals carried variant Virus populations. Sequences derived from an infected goat from a herd in Pernambuco showed no nucleic acid variation and were distant from the CAEV-type sequence but marginally closer to ovine Visna-Maedi Virus (VMV) sequences. Sequences amplified from a region including the tat gene, amplified with a common upstream primer within the vif coding region and different downstream primers because of the local divergence between CAEV- and VMV-type sequences, confirmed the affiliation of the Minas Gerais sequences to CAEV and indicated that the Pernambuco isolate was indeed related to VMV, which had not previously been reported to cause natural caprine infection. The overlap between the vif and tat open reading frames clearly distinguished between CAEV-like small ruminant lentiViruses, which shared eight common nucleotides, and the VMV group, where the overlap was reduced to a single base; the final adenine of the vif terminator (TAA) is the initial adenine of the presumptive tat initiator codon. This may be useful for epizoological tracing of the origin of outbreaks.
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Visna Maedi Virus induced expression of interleukin 8 gene in sheep alveolar cells following experimental in vitro and in vivo infection
Research in Virology, 1996Co-Authors: I Legastelois, G Cordier, Timothy Greenland, Gregoire Cozon, Jeanluc Cadore, Francois Guiguen, J.f. MornexAbstract:Visna-Maedi Virus is a lentiVirus which causes inflammatory disorders in sheep, including a chronic interstitial lung disease resembling that observed in human immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV 1) infection. In view of our previous demonstration of the production of neutrophil chemotactic activity by alveolar macrophages, and given the lymphocytic and neutrophilic nature of the alveolar cell infiltrate in both naturally and experimentally infected animals, we hypothesized that interleukin-8 (IL8) could be a candidate for at least part of the chemotactic activity we described. In this study, we investigated IL8 mRNA expression following Visna-Maedi Virus infection. Northern analysis of total RNA using an ovine IL8-specific probe demonstrated that the IL8 gene is upregulated in alveolar macrophages as a consequence of in vitro infection and in alveolar cells from experimentally infected animals. Using a semi-quantitative RT-PCR method, we showed that various levels of IL8 mRNA are expressed by alveolar cells from infected animals and that they correlate with the intensity of the lesions. In conclusion, Visna-Maedi Virus is able to induce IL8 mRNA expression in sheep alveolar cells. Results from in vivo infected animals suggest that IL8 could play a role in the early build-up of Visna-Maedi Virus-induced lesions.
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lentiVirus induced interstitial lung disease pulmonary pathology in sheep naturally infected by the Visna Maedi Virus
Veterinary Research, 1994Co-Authors: J.f. Mornex, R Loire, Timothy Greenland, Gregoire Cozon, P Lena, F Guigen, M F Jacquier, G CordierAbstract:Visna-Maedi Virus is a lentiVirus that causes a chronic disease in sheep affecting, among other organs, the lungs. Interstitial pneumonitis is similar to that in man associated with the infection by the human immunodeficiency Virus type-1. We have compared the pathological features of lungs of sheep naturally infected with Visna-Maedi Virus with the results obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage and Virus isolation. Semi-quantitative grading of the lesions was performed on 147 sheep lungs obtained from the slaughterhouse. Seventy-seven were macroscopically and histologically normal, 39 had typical lesions of interstitial lung disease (Maedi), and 13 had minor lesions of the same type. Eighteen of the affected lungs were heavily infested with parasites. Of these parasite-infected lungs, 9 showed typical Maedi lesions and 4 showed minor lesions; parasite infection had no obvious effect on the development of Maedi. In keeping with pathological findings, bronchoalveolar lavage disclosed an alveolitis process in the Maedi lungs with increased macrophage, lymphocyte and neutrophil numbers. Cytopathic Virus was detected from alveolar macrophage coculture with fibroblasts more often from Maedi lungs (10/12) than from normal lungs (9/39). Electron microscopy of bronchoalveolar lavage cocultures revealed typical lentiviral particles. Animals with minor lesions may be at an early stage of the disease.
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early events in the experimental interstitial lung disease induced in sheep by the Visna Maedi Virus
Immunology Letters, 1993Co-Authors: J L Cadore, Joelle Chastang, M. Lyon, F Guiguen, G Cordier, R Loire, Timothy Greenland, I Courtfortune, D Revel, J.f. MornexAbstract:Visna-Maedi Virus is a lentiVirus closely related to the human immunodeficiency Virus type I (HIV-I). During spontaneous infection of sheep by Visna-Maedi Virus an interstitial lung disease is observed. It is characterized by an alveolitis, peribronchovascular lymphoid nodules, alveolar wall thickening and myomatosis. In order to decipher the pathology of this lentiviral infection we have induced this disease in colostrum-deprived newborn lambs.
Ramses Reina - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Gene Expression Profiling Reveals New Pathways and Genes Associated with Visna/Maedi Viral Disease
'MDPI AG', 2021Co-Authors: Naiara Abendaño, Ramses Reina, Aitor Esparza-baquer, Irantzu Bernales, Damián De Andrés, Begona M JugoAbstract:Visna/Maedi Virus (VMV) is a lentiVirus that infects the cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage in sheep, goats and wild ruminants. Infection with VMV causes a multisystemic inflammatory disorder, which includes pneumonia, encephalitis, mastitis or arthritis. The immune response to VMV infection is complex, and the infection and pathogenesis of this Virus are not totally characterized yet. In this work, a gene expression microarray was used to identify the differentially expressed genes in VMV infection and disease development by comparing sheep with different serologic status and with presence of VM-characteristic clinical lesions. The expression profile analysis has revealed many interesting genes that may be associated with the viral infection process. Among them, the OXT gene appeared significantly up-regulated, so the oxytocin-secreting system could play an essential role in VM disease. Moreover, some of the most significantly enriched functions in up-regulated genes appeared the complement pathway, which (in combination with the Toll-like receptor signaling network) could compose a mechanism in the VMV pathogenesis. Identifying the host genetic factors associated with VMV infection can be applied to develop strategies for preventing infection and develop effective vaccines that lead to therapeutic treatments
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Expression analysis of lung miRNAs responding to ovine VM Virus infection by RNA-seq
BMC, 2019Co-Authors: Martin Bilbao-arribas, Ramses Reina, Naiara Abendaño, Damián De Andrés, Endika Varela-martínez, Begona M JugoAbstract:Abstract Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short endogenous, single-stranded, noncoding small RNA molecules of approximately 22 nucleotides in length. They regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally by silencing mRNA expression, thus orchestrating many physiological processes. The Small Ruminant LentiViruses (SRLV) group includes the Visna Maedi Virus (VMV) and Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis (CAEV) Viruses, which cause a disease in sheep and goats characterized by pneumonia, mastitis, arthritis and encephalitis. Their main target cells are from the monocyte/macrophage lineage. To date, there are no studies on the role of miRNAs in this viral disease. Results Using RNA-seq technology and bioinformatics analysis, the expression levels of miRNAs during different clinical stages of infection were studied. A total of 212 miRNAs were identified, of which 46 were conserved sequences in other species but found for the first time in sheep, and 12 were completely novel. Differential expression analysis comparing the uninfected and seropositive groups showed changes in several miRNAs; however, no significant differences were detected between seropositive asymptomatic and diseased sheep. The robust increase in the expression level of oar-miR-21 is consistent with its increased expression in other viral diseases. Furthermore, the target prediction of the dysregulated miRNAs revealed that they control genes involved in proliferation-related signalling pathways, such as the PI3K-Akt, AMPK and ErbB pathways. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting miRNA profiling in sheep in response to SRLV infection. The known functions of oar-miR-21 as a regulator of inflammation and proliferation appear to be a possible cause of the lesions caused in the sheep’s lungs. This miRNA could be an indicator for the severity of the lung lesions, or a putative target for therapeutic intervention
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ovine trim5α can restrict Visna Maedi Virus
Journal of Virology, 2012Co-Authors: Paula Jauregui, Sergio Rosati, Helena Crespo, Idoia Glaria, L Lujan, A Contreras, D De Andres, B Amorena, Greg J Towers, Ramses ReinaAbstract:The restrictive properties of tripartite motif-containing 5 alpha (TRIM5α) from small ruminant species have not been explored. Here, we identify highly similar TRIM5α sequences in sheep and goats. Cells transduced with ovine TRIM5α effectively restricted the lentiVirus Visna/Maedi Virus DNA synthesis. Proteasome inhibition in cells transduced with ovine TRIM5α restored restricted viral DNA synthesis, suggesting a conserved mechanism of restriction. Identification of TRIM5α active molecular species may open new prophylactic strategies against lentiviral infections.
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Visna Maedi Virus genetic characterization and serological diagnosis of infection in sheep from a neurological outbreak
Veterinary Microbiology, 2012Co-Authors: Idoia Glaria, Paula Jauregui, Helena Crespo, L Lujan, Ramses Reina, Marta M Perez, X De Andres, E Salazar, Hugo Ramirez, Julio BenavidesAbstract:An extensive outbreak characterized by the appearance of neurological symptoms in small ruminant lentiVirus (SRLV) infected sheep has been identified in Spain, but the genetic characteristics of the strain involved and differential diagnostic tools for this outbreak remain unexplored. In this work, 23 Visna-affected naturally infected animals from the outbreak, 11 arthritic animals (both groups presenting anti-Visna/Maedi Virus serum antibodies), and 100 seronegative animals were used. Eight of the Visna-affected animals were further studied post-mortem by immunohistochemistry. All had lesions in spinal cord, being the most affected part of the central nervous system in six of them. A representative strain of the outbreak was isolated. Together with other proviral sequences from the outbreak the Virus was assigned to genotype A2/A3. In vitro culture of the isolate revealed that viral production was slow/low in fibroblast-like cells but it was high in blood monocyte-derived macrophages. The long terminal repeat (LTR) of the viral genome of this isolate lacked an U3-duplication, but its promoter activity in fibroblast-like cells was normal compared to other strains. Thus, viral production could not be inferred from the LTR promoter activity in this isolate. Analysis of the viral immunodominant epitopes among SRLV sequences of the outbreak and other known sequences allowed the design of a synthetic SU peptide ELISA that detected the Visna affected animals, representing a tool of epidemiological interest to control viral spread of this highly pathogenic strain.
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identification of the ovine mannose receptor and its possible role in Visna Maedi Virus infection
Veterinary Research, 2011Co-Authors: Helena Crespo, Paula Jauregui, Idoia Glaria, L Lujan, Ramses Reina, Hugo Ramirez, Ximena De Andres, Luisa Martinezpomares, B AmorenaAbstract:This study aims to characterize the mannose receptor (MR) gene in sheep and its role in ovine Visna/Maedi Virus (VMV) infection. The deduced amino acid sequence of ovine MR was compatible with a transmembrane protein having a cysteine-rich ricin-type amino-terminal region, a fibronectin type II repeat, eight tandem C-type lectin carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRD), a transmembrane region, and a cytoplasmic carboxy-terminal tail. The ovine and bovine MR sequences were closer to each other compared to human or swine MR. Concanavalin A (ConA) inhibited VMV productive infection, which was restored by mannan totally in ovine skin fibroblasts (OSF) and partially in blood monocyte-derived macrophages (BMDM), suggesting the involvement of mannosylated residues of the VMV ENV protein in the process. ConA impaired also syncytium formation in OSF transfected with an ENV-encoding pN3-plasmid. MR transcripts were found in two common SRLV targets, BMDM and synovial membrane (GSM) cells, but not in OSF. Viral infection of BMDM and especially GSM cells was inhibited by mannan, strongly suggesting that in these cells the MR is an important route of infection involving VMV Env mannosylated residues. Thus, at least three patterns of viral entry into SRLV-target cells can be proposed, involving mainly MR in GSM cells (target in SRLV-induced arthritis), MR in addition to an alternative route in BMDM (target in SRLV infections), and an alternative route excluding MR in OSF (target in cell culture). Different routes of SRLV infection may thus coexist related to the involvement of MR differential expression.
Timothy Greenland - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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conserved sequence motifs involving the tat reading frame of brazilian caprine lentiViruses indicate affiliations to both caprine arthritis encephalitis Virus and Visna Maedi Virus
Journal of General Virology, 1999Co-Authors: R S Castro, J.f. Mornex, Timothy Greenland, R C Leite, A M G Gouveia, G CordierAbstract:The sequence variation in small ruminant lentiViruses from Brazilian herds of milking goats was sampled in a representative region of the pol gene and in a region including the entire tat open reading frame. Clones were amplified from cDNA derived from Virus produced in vitro using primers targetting conserved sequences of the pol gene. Iterative sequencing of clones indicated that animals from two herds in the Minas Gerais area were infected by a caprine arthritis-encephalitis Virus (CAEV)-like Virus and that individual animals carried variant Virus populations. Sequences derived from an infected goat from a herd in Pernambuco showed no nucleic acid variation and were distant from the CAEV-type sequence but marginally closer to ovine Visna-Maedi Virus (VMV) sequences. Sequences amplified from a region including the tat gene, amplified with a common upstream primer within the vif coding region and different downstream primers because of the local divergence between CAEV- and VMV-type sequences, confirmed the affiliation of the Minas Gerais sequences to CAEV and indicated that the Pernambuco isolate was indeed related to VMV, which had not previously been reported to cause natural caprine infection. The overlap between the vif and tat open reading frames clearly distinguished between CAEV-like small ruminant lentiViruses, which shared eight common nucleotides, and the VMV group, where the overlap was reduced to a single base; the final adenine of the vif terminator (TAA) is the initial adenine of the presumptive tat initiator codon. This may be useful for epizoological tracing of the origin of outbreaks.
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Visna Maedi Virus induced expression of interleukin 8 gene in sheep alveolar cells following experimental in vitro and in vivo infection
Research in Virology, 1996Co-Authors: I Legastelois, G Cordier, Timothy Greenland, Gregoire Cozon, Jeanluc Cadore, Francois Guiguen, J.f. MornexAbstract:Visna-Maedi Virus is a lentiVirus which causes inflammatory disorders in sheep, including a chronic interstitial lung disease resembling that observed in human immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV 1) infection. In view of our previous demonstration of the production of neutrophil chemotactic activity by alveolar macrophages, and given the lymphocytic and neutrophilic nature of the alveolar cell infiltrate in both naturally and experimentally infected animals, we hypothesized that interleukin-8 (IL8) could be a candidate for at least part of the chemotactic activity we described. In this study, we investigated IL8 mRNA expression following Visna-Maedi Virus infection. Northern analysis of total RNA using an ovine IL8-specific probe demonstrated that the IL8 gene is upregulated in alveolar macrophages as a consequence of in vitro infection and in alveolar cells from experimentally infected animals. Using a semi-quantitative RT-PCR method, we showed that various levels of IL8 mRNA are expressed by alveolar cells from infected animals and that they correlate with the intensity of the lesions. In conclusion, Visna-Maedi Virus is able to induce IL8 mRNA expression in sheep alveolar cells. Results from in vivo infected animals suggest that IL8 could play a role in the early build-up of Visna-Maedi Virus-induced lesions.
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lentiVirus induced interstitial lung disease pulmonary pathology in sheep naturally infected by the Visna Maedi Virus
Veterinary Research, 1994Co-Authors: J.f. Mornex, R Loire, Timothy Greenland, Gregoire Cozon, P Lena, F Guigen, M F Jacquier, G CordierAbstract:Visna-Maedi Virus is a lentiVirus that causes a chronic disease in sheep affecting, among other organs, the lungs. Interstitial pneumonitis is similar to that in man associated with the infection by the human immunodeficiency Virus type-1. We have compared the pathological features of lungs of sheep naturally infected with Visna-Maedi Virus with the results obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage and Virus isolation. Semi-quantitative grading of the lesions was performed on 147 sheep lungs obtained from the slaughterhouse. Seventy-seven were macroscopically and histologically normal, 39 had typical lesions of interstitial lung disease (Maedi), and 13 had minor lesions of the same type. Eighteen of the affected lungs were heavily infested with parasites. Of these parasite-infected lungs, 9 showed typical Maedi lesions and 4 showed minor lesions; parasite infection had no obvious effect on the development of Maedi. In keeping with pathological findings, bronchoalveolar lavage disclosed an alveolitis process in the Maedi lungs with increased macrophage, lymphocyte and neutrophil numbers. Cytopathic Virus was detected from alveolar macrophage coculture with fibroblasts more often from Maedi lungs (10/12) than from normal lungs (9/39). Electron microscopy of bronchoalveolar lavage cocultures revealed typical lentiviral particles. Animals with minor lesions may be at an early stage of the disease.
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early events in the experimental interstitial lung disease induced in sheep by the Visna Maedi Virus
Immunology Letters, 1993Co-Authors: J L Cadore, Joelle Chastang, M. Lyon, F Guiguen, G Cordier, R Loire, Timothy Greenland, I Courtfortune, D Revel, J.f. MornexAbstract:Visna-Maedi Virus is a lentiVirus closely related to the human immunodeficiency Virus type I (HIV-I). During spontaneous infection of sheep by Visna-Maedi Virus an interstitial lung disease is observed. It is characterized by an alveolitis, peribronchovascular lymphoid nodules, alveolar wall thickening and myomatosis. In order to decipher the pathology of this lentiviral infection we have induced this disease in colostrum-deprived newborn lambs.
Begona M Jugo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Gene Expression Profiling Reveals New Pathways and Genes Associated with Visna/Maedi Viral Disease
'MDPI AG', 2021Co-Authors: Naiara Abendaño, Ramses Reina, Aitor Esparza-baquer, Irantzu Bernales, Damián De Andrés, Begona M JugoAbstract:Visna/Maedi Virus (VMV) is a lentiVirus that infects the cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage in sheep, goats and wild ruminants. Infection with VMV causes a multisystemic inflammatory disorder, which includes pneumonia, encephalitis, mastitis or arthritis. The immune response to VMV infection is complex, and the infection and pathogenesis of this Virus are not totally characterized yet. In this work, a gene expression microarray was used to identify the differentially expressed genes in VMV infection and disease development by comparing sheep with different serologic status and with presence of VM-characteristic clinical lesions. The expression profile analysis has revealed many interesting genes that may be associated with the viral infection process. Among them, the OXT gene appeared significantly up-regulated, so the oxytocin-secreting system could play an essential role in VM disease. Moreover, some of the most significantly enriched functions in up-regulated genes appeared the complement pathway, which (in combination with the Toll-like receptor signaling network) could compose a mechanism in the VMV pathogenesis. Identifying the host genetic factors associated with VMV infection can be applied to develop strategies for preventing infection and develop effective vaccines that lead to therapeutic treatments
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Expression analysis of lung miRNAs responding to ovine VM Virus infection by RNA-seq
BMC, 2019Co-Authors: Martin Bilbao-arribas, Ramses Reina, Naiara Abendaño, Damián De Andrés, Endika Varela-martínez, Begona M JugoAbstract:Abstract Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short endogenous, single-stranded, noncoding small RNA molecules of approximately 22 nucleotides in length. They regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally by silencing mRNA expression, thus orchestrating many physiological processes. The Small Ruminant LentiViruses (SRLV) group includes the Visna Maedi Virus (VMV) and Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis (CAEV) Viruses, which cause a disease in sheep and goats characterized by pneumonia, mastitis, arthritis and encephalitis. Their main target cells are from the monocyte/macrophage lineage. To date, there are no studies on the role of miRNAs in this viral disease. Results Using RNA-seq technology and bioinformatics analysis, the expression levels of miRNAs during different clinical stages of infection were studied. A total of 212 miRNAs were identified, of which 46 were conserved sequences in other species but found for the first time in sheep, and 12 were completely novel. Differential expression analysis comparing the uninfected and seropositive groups showed changes in several miRNAs; however, no significant differences were detected between seropositive asymptomatic and diseased sheep. The robust increase in the expression level of oar-miR-21 is consistent with its increased expression in other viral diseases. Furthermore, the target prediction of the dysregulated miRNAs revealed that they control genes involved in proliferation-related signalling pathways, such as the PI3K-Akt, AMPK and ErbB pathways. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting miRNA profiling in sheep in response to SRLV infection. The known functions of oar-miR-21 as a regulator of inflammation and proliferation appear to be a possible cause of the lesions caused in the sheep’s lungs. This miRNA could be an indicator for the severity of the lung lesions, or a putative target for therapeutic intervention
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retroviral infections in sheep and goats small ruminant lentiViruses and host interaction
Viruses, 2013Co-Authors: Amaia Larruskain, Begona M JugoAbstract:Small ruminant lentiViruses (SRLV) are members of the RetroVirus family comprising the closely related Visna/Maedi Virus (VMV) and the Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus (CAEV), which infect sheep and goats. Both infect cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage and cause lifelong infections. Infection by VMV and CAEV can lead to Visna/Maedi (VM) and Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis (CAE) respectively, slow progressive inflammatory diseases primarily affecting the lungs, nervous system, joints and mammary glands. VM and CAE are distributed worldwide and develop over a period of months or years, always leading to the death of the host, with the consequent economic and welfare implications. Currently, the control of VM and CAE relies on the control of transmission and culling of infected animals. However, there is evidence that host genetics play an important role in determining Susceptibility/Resistance to SRLV infection and disease progression, but little work has been performed in small ruminants. More research is necessary to understand the host-SRLV interaction.
