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Yasuko Mori - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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vaccine development for varicella zoster virus
Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 2018Co-Authors: Tomohiko Sadaoka, Yasuko MoriAbstract:Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is the first and only human herpesvirus for which a licensed live attenuated vaccine, vOka, has been developed. vOka has highly safe and effective profiles; however, worldwide herd immunity against VZV has not yet been established and it is far from eradication. Despite the successful reduction in the burden of VZV-related illness by the introduction of the vaccine, some concerns about vOka critically prevent worldwide acceptance and establishment of herd immunity, and difficulties in addressing these criticisms often relate to its ill-defined mechanism of attenuation. Advances in scientific technologies have been applied in the VZV research field and have contributed toward uncovering the mechanism of vOka attenuation as well as VZV biology at the molecular level. A subunit vaccine targeting single VZV glycoprotein, rationally designed based on the virological and immunological research, has great potential to improve the strategy for eradication of VZV infection in combination with vOka.
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characterization of varicella zoster virus encoded orf0 gene comparison of parental and vaccine strains
Virology, 2010Co-Authors: Tetsuo Koshizuka, Koichi Yamanishi, Megumi Ota, Yasuko MoriAbstract:The varicella-zoster virus (VZV) Oka vaccine strain (vOka) differs from the parental strain (pOka) at several amino acid positions, but the mutations responsible for the attenuation of vOka have not been clearly defined. The ORF0 of vOka carries some of the mutations. Although we found that the ORF0 of both strains was incorporated into virus particles, the C-terminal region of vOka ORF0 was presented on the virion surface and was N-glycosylated, suggesting that the mutation in vOka ORF0 changes it into a novel envelope glycoprotein. In a mutant virus in which pOka ORF0 was replaced by vOka ORF0, the molecular weight of ORF0 was altered, but the plaque size was not. In addition, a pOka recombinant virus lacking the hydrophobic domain of ORF0 grew equally well as the wild-type virus, indicating that the mutation in ORF0 is not by itself sufficient for the attenuation of the vOka virus.
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cloning of full length genome of varicella zoster virus vaccine strain into a bacterial artificial chromosome and reconstitution of infectious virus
Vaccine, 2007Co-Authors: Hironori Yoshii, Pranee Somboonthum, Michiaki Takahashi, Koichi Yamanishi, Yasuko MoriAbstract:The complete genome of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) Oka vaccine strain (vOka) has been cloned into a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC), and several BAC clones with the vOka genome have been obtained. Infectious viruses were reconstituted in MRC-5 cells transfected with the vOka-BAC DNA clones. The clones were distributed into two groups based on differences in amino acids found in ORF 62/71 region among the vOka-BAC clones. The recombinant vOka (rvOka) grew slower than recombinant Oka parental virus (rpOka), pOka and vOka. This is the first report that the vOka genome was cloned into BAC vector. The rvOka-BAC system would be useful as a vector for construction of recombinant live vaccines.
Anne A Gershon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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vaccine oka varicella meningitis in two adolescents
Pediatrics, 2019Co-Authors: Whitney E Harrington, Sayonara Mato, Lauri Burroughs, Paul A Carpenter, Anne A GershonAbstract:The live-attenuated varicella vaccine, a routine immunization in the United States since 1995, is both safe and effective. Like wild-type varicella-zoster virus, however, vaccine Oka (vOka) varicella can establish latency and reactivate as herpes zoster, rarely leading to serious disease, particularly among immunocompromised hosts. Previous cases of reactivated vOka resulting in meningitis have been described in young children who received a single dose of varicella vaccine; less is known about vOka reactivation in older children after the 2-dose vaccine series. We present 2 adolescents with reactivated vOka meningitis, 1 immunocompetent and 1 immunocompromised, both of whom received 2 doses of varicella vaccine many years before as children. Pediatricians should be aware of the potential of vOka varicella to reactivate and cause clinically significant central nervous system disease in vaccinated children and adolescents.
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transmission of vaccine strain varicella zoster virus a systematic review
Pediatrics, 2019Co-Authors: Mona Marin, Jessica Leung, Anne A GershonAbstract:CONTEXT: Live vaccines usually provide robust immunity but can transmit the vaccine virus. OBJECTIVE: To assess the characteristics of secondary transmission of the vaccine-strain varicella-zoster virus (Oka strain; vOka) on the basis of the published experience with use of live varicella and zoster vaccines. DATA SOURCES: Systematic review of Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Scopus databases for articles published through 2018. STUDY SELECTION: Articles that reported original data on vOka transmission from persons who received vaccines containing the live attenuated varicella-zoster virus. DATA EXTRACTION: We abstracted data to describe vOka transmission by index patient’s immune status, type (varicella or herpes zoster) and severity of illness, and whether transmission was laboratory confirmed. RESULTS: Twenty articles were included. We identified 13 patients with vOka varicella after transmission from 11 immunocompetent varicella vaccine recipients. In all instances, the vaccine recipient had a rash: 6 varicella-like and 5 herpes zoster. Transmission occurred mostly to household contacts. One additional case was not considered direct transmission from a vaccine recipient, but the mechanism was uncertain. Transmission from vaccinated immunocompromised children also occurred only if the vaccine recipient developed a rash postvaccination. Secondary cases of varicella caused by vOka were mild. LIMITATIONS: It is likely that other vOka transmission cases remain unpublished. CONCLUSIONS: Healthy, vaccinated persons have minimal risk for transmitting vOka to contacts and only if a rash is present. Our findings support the existing recommendations for routine varicella vaccination and the guidance that persons with vaccine-related rash avoid contact with susceptible persons at high risk for severe varicella complications.
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deep sequencing of viral genomes provides insight into the evolution and pathogenesis of varicella zoster virus and its vaccine in humans
Molecular Biology and Evolution, 2014Co-Authors: Daniel P Depledge, Nancy J Jensen, Anne A Gershon, Samit Kundu, Eleanor R Gray, Meleri Jones, Sharon Steinberg, Paul R Kinchington, Scott D Schmid, Francois BallouxAbstract:Immunization with the vOka vaccine prevents varicella (chickenpox) in children and susceptible adults. The vOka vaccine strain comprises a mixture of genotypes and, despite attenuation, causes rashes in small numbers of recipients. Like wild-type virus, the vaccine establishes latency in neuronal tissue and can later reactivate to cause Herpes zoster (shingles). Using hybridization-based methodologies, we have purified and sequenced vOka directly from skin lesions. We show that alleles present in the vaccine can be recovered from the lesions and demonstrate the presence of a severe bottleneck between inoculation and lesion formation. Genotypes in any one lesion appear to be descended from one to three vaccine-genotypes with a low frequency of novel mutations. No single vOka haplotype and no novel mutations are consistently present in rashes, indicating that neither new mutations nor recombination with wild type are critical to the evolution of vOka rashes. Instead, alleles arising from attenuation (i.e., not derived from free-living virus) are present at lower frequencies in rash genotypes. We identify 11 loci at which the ancestral allele is selected for in vOka rash formation and show genotypes in rashes that have reactivated from latency cannot be distinguished from rashes occurring immediately after inoculation. We conclude that the vOka vaccine, although heterogeneous, has not evolved to form rashes through positive selection in the mode of a quasispecies, but rather alleles that were essentially neutral during the vaccine production have been selected against in the human subjects, allowing us to identify key loci for rash formation.
Amat, Anita Lidesna Shinta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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PENGARUH PEMBERIAN MINUMAN BERALKOHOL (SOPI, BIR DAN Vodka) TERHADAP KADAR GLUTATION TEREDUKSI (GSH) TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus norvegicus) GALUR Sprague dawley
'Universitas Nusa Cendana', 2019Co-Authors: Anjani Ratih, Amat, Anita Lidesna Shinta, D, Maria E Agnes, Winarso AjiAbstract:Angka konsumsi alkohol di Provinsi NTT menduduki peringkat pertama pada tahun 2016. Alkohol tradisional paling banyak dikonsumsi di Indonesia, alkohol tradisional dari NTT biasa disebut Sopi. Alkohol merupakan suatu radikal bebas yang dapat menyebabkan stres oksidatif. Stres oksidatif akan menyebabkan kerusakan biologis pada tubuh. Salah satu antioksidan yang berpengaruh untuk melawan atau menetralisir stres oksidatif adalah Glutation tereduksi (GSH). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian minuman beralkohol jenis sopi, bir dan Vodka terhadap kadar GSH tikus putih. Metode jenis rancangan penelitian adalah eksperimental laboratorik dengan pendekatan post test only control group design. Sebanyak 24 ekor tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) betina galur Sprague dawley berumur 2-3 bulan dengan berat badan 150-250 gram yang dibagi dalam empat kelompok perlakuan terdiri atas enam ekor tikus. Kelompok Kn, P1, P2 dan P3 secara berturut-turut adalah kelompok kontrol normal, kelompok perlakuan sopi, kelompok perlakuan bir dan kelompok perlakuan Vodka. Dosis yang diberikan adalah 0,008 ml/g BB/hari per oral. Setelah 10 hari perlakuan, darah tikus diambil untuk pengukuran kadar GSH melalui sampel serum darah tikus dan diuji menggunakan ELISA Reader. Hasil penelitian ini rerata kadar GSH pada kelompok Kn, P1, P2 dan P3 secara berturut-turut adalah 1,114, 6,366, 1,852 dan 2,303 nmol/ml. Terdapat peningkatan kadar GSH yang bermakna (p<0,05) pada kelompok P1, P2 dan P3 dibandingkan dengan kelompok Kn. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna yang signifikan (p<0,05) pada kelompok P1 dibandingkan dengan kelompok Kn. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah minuman beralkohol jenis sopi, bir dan Vodka memiliki efek berupa peningkatan kadar GS
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EFEK PEMBERIAN MINUMAN SOPI DIBANDINGKAN ALKOHOL JENIS LAINNYA TERHADAP GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGI GASTER TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus norvegicus) GALUR Sprague dawley
'Universitas Nusa Cendana', 2019Co-Authors: Keba, Diorita Sely, Sasputra I Nyoman, Amat, Anita Lidesna ShintaAbstract:Sopi merupakan alkohol hasil fermentasi secara tradisional terhadap nira atau hasil sadapan lontar. Sopi sendiri berasal dari bahasa Belanda “Zoopje” yang berarti alkohol cair, tidak berwarna dan berbau khas. Ketika dikonsumsi, alkohol dapat mengganggu struktur dan fungsi dari saluran pencernaan. Tujuan penelitan ini membandingkan tingkat kerusakan gaster tikus putih yang diinduksi minuman Sopi dibandingkan dengan Bir dan Vodka. Metodologi penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental laboratorik dengan rancangan post test controlled group dengan menggunakan 24 ekor tikus putih yang dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok. Kelompok K merupakan kelompok kontrol yang hanya diberi aquades, kelompok P1 yang diberi perlakuan bir (kadar alkohol 4,7 %), kelompok P2 yang diberi perlakuan Vodka (kadar alkohol 40%) dan kelompok P3 yang diberi perlakuan Sopi (kadar alkohol 53%) dengan dosis 8ml/kgBB selama 10 hari. Perubahan diamati secara mikroskopis dan dinilai menggunakan Skor Integritas Epitel Mukosa Lambung berdasarkan modifikasi Barthel Manja yang dibagi menjadi empat skor yaitu sel normal, deskuamasi epitel mukosa, erosi epitel mukosa, dan ulserasi epitel mukosa. Data hasil penelitian diuji menggunakan uji statistik yaitu parametrik ANOVA dan uji Post Hoc LSD. Hasil penelitian pada kelompok P1 terjadi deskuamasi epitel mukosa dengan nilai rata-rata 0,93 sedangkan kelompok P2 dan P3 mengalami erosi epitel sel mukosa dengan nilai rata-rata 1,567 dan 1,8. Hasil uji ANOVA didapatkan perbedaan bermakna p = 0,000. Hasil uji LSD didapatkan perbedaan bermakna antara K-P1(p=0,000), K-P2(p=0,000), K-P3(p=0,000) P1-P2(p=0,000) P1-P3(p=0,000). Kesimpulan penelitian ini terdapat perbandingan gambaran mikroskopis gaster tikus putih yang bermakna antara pemberian sopi dibandingkan bir. Namun tidak terdapat perbandingan gambaran mikroskopis gaster tikus putih yang bermakna antara pemberian sopi dibandingkan Vodka
Dirk W. Lachenmeier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the total margin of exposure of ethanol and acetaldehyde for heavy drinkers consuming cider or Vodka
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2015Co-Authors: Dirk W. Lachenmeier, Jan S Gill, Jonathan Chick, Jurgen RehmAbstract:Abstract Heavy drinkers in Scotland may consume 1600 g ethanol per week. Due to its low price, cider may be preferred over other beverages. Anecdotal evidence has linked cider to specific health hazards beyond other alcoholic beverages. To examine this hypothesis, nine apple and pear cider samples were chemically analysed for constituents and contaminants. None of the products exceeded regulatory or toxicological thresholds, but the regular occurrence of acetaldehyde in cider was detected. To provide a quantitative risk assessment, two collectives of exclusive drinkers of cider and Vodka were compared and the intake of acetaldehyde was estimated using probabilistic Monte–Carlo type analysis. The cider consumers were found to ingest more than 200-times the amount of acetaldehyde consumed by Vodka consumers. The margins of exposure (MOE) of acetaldehyde were 224 for the cider and over 220,000 for Vodka consumers. However, if the effects of ethanol were considered in a cumulative assessment of the combined MOE, the effect of acetaldehyde was minor and the combined MOE for both groups was 0.3. We suggest that alcohol policy priority should be given on reducing ethanol intake by measures such as minimum pricing, rather than to focus on acetaldehyde.
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alcoholic beverage strength discrimination by taste may have an upper threshold
Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 2014Co-Authors: Dirk W. Lachenmeier, Jurgen Rehm, Fotis KanteresAbstract:Background Given the association between alcohol consumption and negative health consequences, there is a need for individuals to be aware of their consumption of ethanol, which requires knowledge of serving sizes and alcoholic strength. This study is one of the first to systematically investigate the ability to discriminate alcoholic strength by taste. Methods Nine discrimination tests (total n = 413) according to International Standardization Organization (ISO) 4120 sensory analysis methodology “triangle test” were performed. Results A perceptible difference was found for Vodka in orange juice (0.0 vs. 0.5% vol; 0 vs. 1% vol), pilsner and wheat beer (0.5 vs. 5% vol), and Vodka in orange juice (5 vs. 10% vol, 20 vs. 30% vol, and 30 vs. 40% vol). The percentage of the population perceiving a difference between the beverages varied between 36 and 73%. Alcoholic strength (higher vs. lower) was correctly assigned in only 4 of the 7 trials at a significant level, with 30 to 66% of the trial groups assigning the correct strength. For the trials that included beverages above 40% vol (Vodka unmixed, 40 vs. 50% vol and Vodka in orange juice, 40 vs. 50% vol), testers could neither perceive a difference between the samples nor assign correct alcoholic strength. Conclusions Discrimination of alcoholic strength by taste was possible to a limited degree in a window of intermediate alcoholic strengths, but not at higher concentrations. This result is especially relevant for drinkers of unlabeled, over-proof unrecorded alcoholic beverages who would potentially ingest more alcohol than if they were to ingest commercial alcohol. Our study provides strong evidence for the strict implementation and enforcement of labeling requirements for all alcoholic beverages to allow informed decision making by consumers.
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Quantitative Determination of Quality Parameters and Authentication of Vodka Using near Infrared Spectroscopy
Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy, 2010Co-Authors: O. Kolomiets, Dirk W. Lachenmeier, U. Hoffmann, Heinz W. SieslerAbstract:The objective of this study was to determine the potential of using near infrared (NIR) transmission spectroscopy to build calibration models for the quantitative characterisation and qualitative discrimination of Russian and non-Russian (foreign) Vodkas. The results of partial least squares models based on the NIR spectra of 109 Vodka samples showed that the major constituent alcoholic strength (root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) 0.25% vol) and the physical parameter relative density (RMSEP 0.0003) could be successfully determined quantitatively. The method failed, however, in quantifying certain minor components such as anions, cations and sugars. For qualitative discrimination, soft independent modelling of class analogy analysis (SIMCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were applied to the sample set containing both the Russian and the foreign Vodkas. Despite the correct assignment of unknown test samples to the respective Vodka species, both modelling approaches, however, did not prove...
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Rapid and mobile brand authentication of Vodka using conductivity measurement
Microchimica Acta, 2008Co-Authors: Dirk W. Lachenmeier, Beke Schmidt, Thorsten BretschneiderAbstract:Conductivity measurement is introduced as a rapid, simple and cheap way to identify counterfeit Vodka. It was found that the conductivity of Vodka derives exclusively from its content of inorganic anions which were previously suggested as markers for Vodka authenticity using ion chromatographic determination. The conductivity of Vodka is very stable between different batches of bottle filling of the same brand, but there are large differences between different brands. Especially discount brands have significantly higher conductivities than premium products. The applicability of conductivity measurement was demonstrated in authentic forensic cases of brand fraud. A large advantage above other methods of authentication is the possibility to conduct conductivity measurements with mobile meters directly in gastronomy.
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the use of ion chromatography to detect adulteration of Vodka and rum
European Food Research and Technology, 2003Co-Authors: Dirk W. Lachenmeier, Rainer Attig, Willi Frank, Constanze AthanasakisAbstract:The use of ion chromatography to determine anions (chloride, nitrate, and sulphate) for the characterisation of colourless spirits, such as Vodka or white rum, is presented. After evaporation to remove the volatiles, the sample was injected directly into the ion chromatograph. The assay showed good precision, never exceeding 1.6% RSD. The analytical results of 51 samples under study reveal that, in particular, the adulteration of brand spirits can be proven by the method described.
Liana, Debora S - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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EFEK PEMBERIAN MINUMAN SOPI DIBANDINGKAN ALKOHOL JENIS LAINNYA TERHADAP GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGI HATI TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus norvegicus) GALUR Sprague dawley
'Universitas Nusa Cendana', 2019Co-Authors: Lawung, Kristina T, Sasputra I Nyoman, Liana, Debora SAbstract:Sopi merupakan minuman alkohol hasil fermentasi dari nira atau sadapan lontar. Penelitian menunjukan bahwa mengkonsumsi alkohol 80 g perhari selama beberapa tahun dapat menyebabkan terjadinya hepatitis alkoholik dan dapat menyebabkan terjadinya sirosis hepatis. Selain itu hasil penelitian juga menunjukan bahwa orang dengan sirosis hepatis yang gagal berhenti mengkonsumsi alkohol memilki kurang dari 50% kesempatan hidup selama 5 tahun. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis dan membandingkan gambaran mikroskopis hati antara Sopi dibandingkan dengan Vodka dan Bir. Metode penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratorik dengan rancangan post-test controlled group design dengan menggunakan 24 ekor tikus yang dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok. K merupakan kelompok kontrol yang hanya diberi aquades. P1,P2 dan P3 merupakan kelompok eksperimental yang diberi Bir (4,7%), Vodka (40%) dan Sopi (53%) dengan dosis 8ml/kgBB selama 10 hari. Perubahan diamati secara mikroskopis dengan menggunakan kriteria Manja Roenigk yang dibagi menjadi 4 skor: sel normal, degenerasi parenkimatosa, degenerasi hidropik dan nekrosis. Data hasil penelitian diuji menggunakan uji statistik yaitu uji parametrik ANOVA dan uji Post Hoc LSD. Hasil pada kelompok P1 beberapa sel mengalami degenerasi parenkimatosa dengan nilai rata-rata skor 1,3 sedangkan kelompok P2 dan P3 beberapa sel mengalami degenerasi hidropik dengan nilai rata-rata skor 2,43. Hasil uji ANOVA didapatkan perbedaan bermakna (p=0,000). Hasil uji LSD didapatkan perbedaan bermakna antara K-P1 (p=0,000) K-P2 (p=0,000) K-P3 (p=0,000) P1-P2 (p=0,000) P1-P3 (p=0,000). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini terdapat perbandingan gambaran mikroskopis hati yang bermakna antara pemberian Sopi dibandingkan Bir. Namun tidak terdapat perbandingan gambaran mikroskopis hati yang bermakna antara pemberian Sopi dibandingkan Vodk
