The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Annemarie Seguin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
road traffic noise in montreal and environmental equity what is the situation for the most Vulnerable Population groups
Journal of Transport Geography, 2016Co-Authors: Mathieu Carrier, Philippe Apparicio, Annemarie SeguinAbstract:Road traffic noise is one of the most detrimental environmental nuisances for the Population. Prolonged exposure to high road noise levels can lead to various problems in people's health and well-being. The objective of this article is to determine whether the groups most Vulnerable to road noise, that is, children under 15 years old, people 65 years old and over, and the groups most likely to experience high nuisance levels, visible minorities and low-income individuals, are affected by an environmental inequity related to this nuisance. The method of estimating this nuisance employed in the study is based on a combination of several elements: that is, average traffic flows, road geometries, normal atmospheric conditions, and the characteristics of the urban environment. All of these parameters were considered for the 14 boroughs that make up the central portion of the Island of Montreal. Modelling was used to calculate the maximum daily road noise, based in part on the LimA software predictive model and according to the XPS 31-133 computation method. The results obtained from three different statistical tests and spatial regression analyses show that, on the one hand, the groups chosen on the basis of age are not affected by any environmental inequity related to the phenomenon of road traffic noise. On the other hand, low-income individuals and visible minorities live in city blocks marked by road traffic noise levels that are slightly higher than those experienced by the rest of the Population.
Jill Miyamura - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
the impact of medicaid on medical utilization in a Vulnerable Population evidence from cofa migrants
Health Economics, 2020Co-Authors: Timothy J Halliday, Randall Akee, Tetine Sentell, Megan Inada, Jill MiyamuraAbstract:In March 2015, the State of Hawaii stopped covering the majority of migrants from countries belonging to the Compact of Free Association (COFA) in its Medicaid program. COFA migrants were required to obtain private insurance in the exchanges established under the Affordable Care Act. Using statewide hospital discharge data, we show that Medicaid-funded hospitalizations and emergency room visits declined in this Population by 31% and 19%, respectively. Utilization funded by private insurance did increase but not enough to offset the declines in Medicaid-funded utilization. We show that the expiration of benefits increased uninsured ER visits. Finally, we exploit a feature of the policy change to provide evidence that the declines in utilization are due to higher rates of uninsured migrants rather than higher levels of cost sharing on private plans.
-
the impact of medicaid on medical utilization in a Vulnerable Population evidence from cofa migrants
Social Science Research Network, 2019Co-Authors: Timothy J Halliday, Randall Akee, Tetine Sentell, Megan Inada, Jill MiyamuraAbstract:In March 2015, the State of Hawaii stopped covering the vast majority of migrants from countries belonging to the Compact of Free Association (COFA) in the state Medicaid program. COFA migrants were instead required to obtain private insurance in the exchanges established under the Affordable Care Act. Using statewide administrative hospital discharge data, we show that Medicaid-funded hospitalizations and emergency room visits declined in this Population by 69% and 42% after the expiration of Medicaid eligibility. This decrease occurred despite the fact that low-income COFA households were eligible for state-funded premium coverage for private insurance. Utilization funded by private insurance did increase, but not enough to offset the declines in Medicaid-funded utilization. Uninsured ER visits increased as a consequence of the expiration of Medicaid benefits. Paradoxically, we also find a substantial increase in Medicaid-funded ER visits by infants after the expiration of benefits. Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber.org.
-
the impact of medicaid on medical utilization in a Vulnerable Population evidence from cofa migrants
Research Papers in Economics, 2019Co-Authors: Timothy J Halliday, Randall Akee, Tetine Sentell, Megan Inada, Jill MiyamuraAbstract:In March 2015, the State of Hawaii stopped covering the vast majority of migrants from countries belonging to the Compact of Free Association (COFA) in the state Medicaid program. COFA migrants were instead required to obtain private insurance in the exchanges established under the Affordable Care Act. Using statewide administrative hospital discharge data, we show that Medicaid-funded hospitalizations and emergency room visits declined in this Population by 69% and 42% after the expiration of Medicaid eligibility. This decrease occurred despite the fact that low-income COFA households were eligible for state-funded premium coverage for private insurance. Utilization funded by private insurance did increase, but not enough to offset the declines in Medicaid-funded utilization. Uninsured ER visits increased as a consequence of the expiration of Medicaid benefits. Paradoxically, we also find a substantial increase in Medicaid-funded ER visits by infants after the expiration of benefits.
Jennifer L Collins - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
comparison of a theory based aids risk reduction model cognitive behavioral intervention versus enhanced counseling for abused ethnic minority adolescent women on infection with sexually transmitted infection results of a randomized controlled trial
International Journal of Nursing Studies, 2012Co-Authors: Jane Dimmitt Champion, Jennifer L CollinsAbstract:Background Ethnic minority adolescent women with a history of sexual or physical abuse and sexually transmitted infections represent a Vulnerable Population at risk for HIV. Community-based interventions for behavior modification and subsequent risk reduction have not been effective among these women.
Audino Podda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
enhanced immunogenicity of seasonal influenza vaccines in young children using mf59 adjuvant
Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 2009Co-Authors: Timo Vesikari, Michele Pellegrini, Aino Karvonen, Nicola Groth, Astrid Borkowski, Derek Ohagan, Audino PoddaAbstract:Background:Children have high morbidity and hospitalization rates from seasonal influenza. Meta-analyses suggest that conventional inactivated influenza vaccines are of low efficacy in young children, making vaccines that induce greater and broader immune protection in this Vulnerable Population a m
Patricia Y. Miranda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
A hidden Vulnerable Population: Young children up-to-date on vaccine series recommendations except influenza vaccines.
PLOS ONE, 2020Co-Authors: William K. Bleser, Daniel A. Salmon, Patricia Y. MirandaAbstract:Very young children (under 2 years old) have high risk for influenza-related complications. Children 6 months or older in the US are recommended to receive influenza vaccination annually, yet uptake is substantially lower than other routinely-recommended vaccines. Existing nationally-representative studies on very young child influenza vaccine uptake has several limitations: few examine provider-verified influenza vaccination (relying on parental report), few contain parental vaccine attitudes variables (known to be crucial to vaccine uptake), and none to our knowledge consider intersectionality of social disadvantage nor how influenza vaccine determinants differ from those of other recommended vaccines. This nationally-representative study examines provider-verified data on 7,246 children aged 6-23 months from the most recent (2011) National Immunization Survey to include the restricted Parental Concerns module, focusing on children up-to-date on a series of vaccines (the 4:3:1:3:3:1:4 series) but not influenza vaccines ("hidden vulnerability to influenza"). About 71% of children were up-to-date on the series yet only 33% on influenza vaccine recommendations by their second birthday; 44% had hidden vulnerability to influenza. Independent of parental history of vaccine refusal and a myriad of health services use factors, no parental history of delaying vaccination was associated with 7.5% (2.6-12.5) higher probability of hidden vulnerability to influenza despite being associated with 15.5% (10.8-20.2) lower probability of being up-to-date on neither the series nor influenza vaccines. Thus, parental compliance with broad child vaccine recommendations and lack of vaccine hesitancy may not indicate choice to vaccinate children against influenza. Examination of intersectionality suggests that maternal college education may not confer improved vaccination among non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic children despite that it does for non-Hispanic White children. Policymakers and researchers from public health, sociology, and other sectors need to collaborate to further examine how vaccine hesitancy and intersectional social disadvantage interact to affect influenza vaccine uptake in young US children.
