The Experts below are selected from a list of 192 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Edward C. Little - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Supercritical water treatment of oil sludge, a viable route to valorize Waste oil materials
Fuel, 2015Co-Authors: Hamid R. Radfarnia, Chandra Khulbe, Edward C. LittleAbstract:Treatment of oil sludge generated from a pilot-scale upgrading process plant using supercritical water (SCW) was studied in detail to ascertain alternate ways of valorizing. SCW is a highly active agent, providing a suitable medium for converting heavy residues into lighter fuel compounds. Various operating conditions such as temperature and reaction time were investigated in this study; the results showed that a considerable amount of valuable oil and gas compounds can be recovered from the Waste Feedstock (up to ∼18.6 wt% recovery). The gas produced was a hydrogen and methane-rich stream, which potentially can be utilized as fuel. In addition, the quantity of oil produced was significant considering the source feed, and rich in valuable saturate and aromatic hydrocarbons. Simulated distillation showed the oil contained mainly naphtha and light gasoil. It was concluded that a high reaction temperature and severity accelerated the product recovery yields, although the amount of coke generated increased. To address the current literature debate regarding the role of water and whether or not hydrogen is supplied from water, a detailed oxygen element balance was performed. The results proved that hydrogen is mainly supplied from hydrocarbon materials and not from water. Moreover, water acted as an excellent dispersant and solvent in the recovery of light compounds from heavy molecules through various radical reactions.
Viknesh Andiappan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Increasing the reliability of bioenergy parks utilizing agricultural Waste Feedstock under demand uncertainty
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020Co-Authors: Michael Francis D. Benjamin, Viknesh AndiappanAbstract:abstract Bioenergy parks are multi-product industrial complexes that convert residual biomass from agro-food systems into valuable products such as biofuel and power. By utilizing Waste from food production, such systems can mitigate competition for resources at the food-water-energy nexus. A bioenergy park consists of individual plants that are integrated with each other to improve material and energy efficiency and attain more sustainable operations. However, such advantages can be negated by vulnerability of integrated systems to cascading failures triggered by equipment failure or Feedstock supply perturbations. Seasonal variations in the demand may also cause reductions in throughput compared to normal production levels, resulting in similar cascading disruptions. The reliability of bioenergy parks can be enhanced by having redundancy measures. However, as this approach is subject to budget constraints, it is important to identify the most critical plant in the bioenergy park. This key step economizes redundancy allocation and avoids overdesigning system capacities. This work applied this integrated framework to address criticality of process units or plants in bioenergy parks, considering demand uncertainties. The method increases overall reliability of bioenergy parks by allocating standby inventory or supply. Two bioenergy parks are analyzed as case studies to demonstrate the integrated method.
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Role of bioenergy, biorefinery and bioeconomy in sustainable development: Strategic pathways for Malaysia
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016Co-Authors: Jhuma Sadhukhan, Kok Siew Ng, Wan Yoke Kin, Ida Fahani Md Jaye, Melissa Yuling Leung Pah Hang, Elias Martinez-hernandez, Richard J. Murphy, Denny K. S. Ng, Mimi Haryani Hassim, Viknesh AndiappanAbstract:Malaysia has a plethora of biomass that can be utilized in a sustainable manner to produce bio-products for circular green economy. At the 15th Conference of Parties in Copenhagen, Malaysia stated to voluntarily reduce its emissions intensity of gross domestic product by upto 40% by 2020 from 2005 level. Natural resources e.g. forestry and agricultural resources will attribute in achieving these goals. This paper investigates optimum bio-based systems, such as bioenergy and biorefinery, and their prospects in sustainable development in Malaysia, while analyzing comparable cases globally. Palm oil industry will continue to play a major role in deriving products and contributing to gross national income in Malaysia. Based on the current processing capacity, one tonne of crude palm oil (CPO) production is associated with nine tonnes of biomass generation. Local businesses tend to focus on products with low-risk that enjoy subsidies, e.g. Feed-in-Tariff, such as bioenergy, biogas, etc. CPO biomass is utilized to produce biogas, pellets, dried long fibre and bio-fertilizer and recycle water. It is envisaged that co-production of bio-based products, food and pharmaceutical ingredients, fine, specialty and platform chemicals, polymers, alongside biofuel and bioenergy from biomass is possible to achieve overall sustainability by the replacement of fossil resources. Inception of process integration gives prominent innovative biorefinery configurations, an example demonstrated recently, via extraction of recyclable, metal, high value chemical (levulinic acid), fuel, electricity and bio-fertilizer from municipal solid Waste or urban Waste. Levulinic acid yield by only 5. wt% of Waste Feedstock gives 1.5 fold increase in profitability and eliminates the need for subsidies such as gate fees paid by local authority to Waste processor. Unsustainable practices include consumable food wastage, end-of-pipe cleaning and linear economy that must be replaced by sustainable production and consumption, source segregation and process integration, and product longevity and circular economy.
Debendra Chandra Baruah - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Phosphorus recovery as struvite from farm, municipal and industrial Waste: Feedstock suitability, methods and pre-treatments
Waste Management, 2016Co-Authors: Sampriti Kataki, Helen West, Michele Clarke, Debendra Chandra BaruahAbstract:Global population growth requires intensification of agriculture, for which a sustainable supply of phosphorus (P) is essential. Since natural P reserves are diminishing, recovering P from Wastes and residues is an increasingly attractive prospect, particularly as technical and economic potential in the area is growing. In addition to providing phosphorus for agricultural use, precipitation of P from Waste residues and effluents lessens their nutrient loading prior to disposal. This paper critically reviews published methods for P recovery from Waste streams (municipal, farm and industrial) with emphasis on struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) crystallisation, including pre-treatments to maximise recovery. Based on compositional parameters of a range of Wastes, a Feedstock Suitability Index (FSI) was developed as a guide to inform researchers and operators of the relative potential for struvite production from each Waste.
Peter Leinweber - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Phosphorus transformations in plant-based and bio-Waste materials induced by pyrolysis
Ambio, 2018Co-Authors: James Stephen Robinson, Karen Baumann, Yongfeng Hu, Philipp Hagemann, Lutz Kebelmann, Peter LeinweberAbstract:Strategies are needed to increase the sustainability of phosphorus (P) fertiliser management in agriculture. This paper reports on the potential of pyrolysis treatment to recycle P from renewable materials previously regarded as Wastes. The study used K -edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy to examine chemical forms of P in the Waste Feedstock materials and corresponding biochars (pyrolysis at 480–500 °C) of four ligno-cellulosic, plant-based residues and five relatively P-rich livestock and water-treatment by-products, to acquire information on changes in potential P fertiliser value. Pyrolysis enriched P in the biochars by factors of 1.3–4.3, thus offering wide-ranging P fertiliser potential. XANES spectroscopy revealed hydroxyapatite (HAP) as one of the dominant chemical P compounds in the Feedstocks, ranging from 14% (rice husks) to 98% (animal bone) of total P. For most materials, pyrolysis increased the proportion of HAP, and pyrophosphates were generated in several cases. These alterations possibly lead to diversity in the P solubility characteristics of the biochars if used as soil amendments; this is an important property of environmentally sound P fertilisers.
Hamid R. Radfarnia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Supercritical water treatment of oil sludge, a viable route to valorize Waste oil materials
Fuel, 2015Co-Authors: Hamid R. Radfarnia, Chandra Khulbe, Edward C. LittleAbstract:Treatment of oil sludge generated from a pilot-scale upgrading process plant using supercritical water (SCW) was studied in detail to ascertain alternate ways of valorizing. SCW is a highly active agent, providing a suitable medium for converting heavy residues into lighter fuel compounds. Various operating conditions such as temperature and reaction time were investigated in this study; the results showed that a considerable amount of valuable oil and gas compounds can be recovered from the Waste Feedstock (up to ∼18.6 wt% recovery). The gas produced was a hydrogen and methane-rich stream, which potentially can be utilized as fuel. In addition, the quantity of oil produced was significant considering the source feed, and rich in valuable saturate and aromatic hydrocarbons. Simulated distillation showed the oil contained mainly naphtha and light gasoil. It was concluded that a high reaction temperature and severity accelerated the product recovery yields, although the amount of coke generated increased. To address the current literature debate regarding the role of water and whether or not hydrogen is supplied from water, a detailed oxygen element balance was performed. The results proved that hydrogen is mainly supplied from hydrocarbon materials and not from water. Moreover, water acted as an excellent dispersant and solvent in the recovery of light compounds from heavy molecules through various radical reactions.
