The Experts below are selected from a list of 243 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
George M Linz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The role of European starlings in the spread of coccidia within concentrated animal feeding operations.
Veterinary parasitology, 2011Co-Authors: James C. Carlson, Susan E Pettit, George M Linz, Lora R Ballweber, Stacey A Elmore, Alan B FranklinAbstract:To investigate the relationship between European starlings and bovine coccidiosis we collected samples from European starlings, cattle feed bunks, cattle Water Troughs, and cattle feces within concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs). These samples were screened for coccidia spp. to investigate (i) the prevalence of coccidia in starlings using CAFOs; (ii) if there is a relationship between bovine coccidiosis and starling numbers; (iii) if coccidia contamination of cattle feed and Water is related to the number of starlings observed on CAFOs. Coccidia belonging to the genus Eimeria were detected in cattle feces and one Water sample but no Eimeria spp. were detected in European starlings or cattle feed. However, many European starling samples were positive for Isospora. Starling use of CAFOs did not appear to be associated with coccidia spp. shedding by cattle and there was no correlation between starling numbers and contamination of cattle feed and Water, suggesting that starling do not contribute to the amplification and spread of Eimeria in CAFOs.
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the role of starlings in the spread of salmonella within concentrated animal feeding operations
Journal of Applied Ecology, 2011Co-Authors: James C. Carlson, Doreene R. Hyatt, Susan E Pettit, Alan B Franklin, George M LinzAbstract:Summary 1. Characterizing and mitigating the disease risks associated with wildlife use of concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) can reduce the spread of micro-organisms throughout the environment while increasing agricultural productivity. To better understand the disease risks associated with bird use of CAFOs, we assessed the capacity of European starlings Sturnus vulgaris to spread Salmonella enterica to cattle, their feed and Water. 2. We sampled starlings, cattle feed, cattle Water and cattle faeces from 10 CAFOs in Texas, USA. Samples were screened for Salmonella enterica to investigate: (i) the prevalence of S. enterica in starlings using CAFOs, (ii) whether there was a relationship between cattle infections and starling numbers, and (iii) if S. enterica contamination of cattle feed and Water was related to numbers of starlings observed on CAFOs. 3. We used generalized linear mixed logistic regression models to assess the importance of starlings, cattle stocking, facility management and environmental variables in the transmission of S. enterica to cattle, feed Troughs and Water Troughs in CAFOs. 4. Starling gastrointestinal tract samples tested positive for S. enterica (2AE5% prevalence; 95% CI = 0AE3%, 8AE6%) and starlings were retained as model covariates in the best supported logistic regression models for S. enterica contamination within cattle feed, Water and faeces. 5. Salmonella enterica contamination of both cattle feed Troughs and Water Troughs is significantly related to numbers of starlings. Contamination in cattle feed increased as more starlings entered feed Troughs. Contamination in Water Troughs increased asymptotically as numbers of starlings on CAFOs increased. Starling variables in the cattle faecal shedding model were not significant. 6. Synthesis and applications. The numbers of European starlings better explained S. enterica contamination of cattle feed and Water than other variables including cattle stocking, facility management and environmental variables. This suggests that starlings are a source of S. enterica contamination in CAFOs. Thus, starling management tools such as population control, habitat management, exclusionary devises and bird repellents may be used to reduce the amplification and spread of disease within livestock production systems.
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Efficacy of European starling control to reduce Salmonella enterica contamination in a concentrated animal feeding operation in the Texas panhandle
BMC Veterinary Research, 2011Co-Authors: James C. Carlson, Doreene R. Hyatt, Michael J. Bodenchuk, Ronald L Gilliland, Larry Clark, Thomas J Deliberto, Richard M Engeman, George M LinzAbstract:BACKGROUND: European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) are an invasive bird species known to cause damage to plant and animal agriculture. New evidence suggests starlings may also contribute to the maintenance and spread of diseases within livestock facilities. Identifying and mitigating the risk pathways that contribute to disease in livestock is necessary to reduce production losses and contamination of human food products. To better understand the impact starlings have on disease transmission to cattle we assessed the efficacy of starling control as a tool to reduce Salmonella enterica within a concentrated animal feeding operation. We matched a large facility, slated for operational control using DRC-1339 (3-chloro-4-methylaniline hydrochloride, also 3-chloro p-toluidine hydrochloride, 3-chloro-4-methylaniline), with a comparable reference facility that was not controlling birds. In both facilities, we sampled cattle feed, cattle Water and cattle feces for S. enterica before and after starling control operations. RESULTS: Within the starling-controlled CAFO, detections of S. enterica contamination disappeared from feed bunks and substantially declined within Water Troughs following starling control operations. Within the reference facility, detections of S. enterica contamination increased substantially within feed bunks and Water Troughs. Starling control was not observed to reduce prevalence of S. enterica in the cattle herd. Following starling control operations, herd prevalence of S. enterica increased on the reference facility but herd prevalence of S. enterica on the starling-controlled CAFO stayed at pretreatment levels. CONCLUSIONS: Within the starling-controlled facility detections of S. enterica disappeared from feed bunks and substantially declined within Water Troughs following control operations. Since cattle feed and Water are obvious routes for the ingestion of S. enterica, starling control shows promise as a tool to help livestock producers manage disease. Yet, we do not believe starling control should be used as a stand alone tool to reduce S. enterica infections. Rather starling control could be used as part of a comprehensive disease management plan for concentrated animal feeding operations.
Robinsons Ltd - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Water Troughs & Drinkers | RB Scotland - Manufacturer of steel framed buildings
2016Co-Authors: Robinsons LtdAbstract:Whatever your post requirement we can supply a solution. We offer both round and “H” beam posts, though we would recommend welded brackets a variety of support flanges and brackets can be supplied.
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Water Troughs drinkers rb scotland manufacturer of steel framed buildings
2016Co-Authors: Robinsons LtdAbstract:Whatever your post requirement we can supply a solution. We offer both round and “H” beam posts, though we would recommend welded brackets a variety of support flanges and brackets can be supplied.
Alan B Franklin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The role of European starlings in the spread of coccidia within concentrated animal feeding operations.
Veterinary parasitology, 2011Co-Authors: James C. Carlson, Susan E Pettit, George M Linz, Lora R Ballweber, Stacey A Elmore, Alan B FranklinAbstract:To investigate the relationship between European starlings and bovine coccidiosis we collected samples from European starlings, cattle feed bunks, cattle Water Troughs, and cattle feces within concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs). These samples were screened for coccidia spp. to investigate (i) the prevalence of coccidia in starlings using CAFOs; (ii) if there is a relationship between bovine coccidiosis and starling numbers; (iii) if coccidia contamination of cattle feed and Water is related to the number of starlings observed on CAFOs. Coccidia belonging to the genus Eimeria were detected in cattle feces and one Water sample but no Eimeria spp. were detected in European starlings or cattle feed. However, many European starling samples were positive for Isospora. Starling use of CAFOs did not appear to be associated with coccidia spp. shedding by cattle and there was no correlation between starling numbers and contamination of cattle feed and Water, suggesting that starling do not contribute to the amplification and spread of Eimeria in CAFOs.
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the role of starlings in the spread of salmonella within concentrated animal feeding operations
Journal of Applied Ecology, 2011Co-Authors: James C. Carlson, Doreene R. Hyatt, Susan E Pettit, Alan B Franklin, George M LinzAbstract:Summary 1. Characterizing and mitigating the disease risks associated with wildlife use of concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) can reduce the spread of micro-organisms throughout the environment while increasing agricultural productivity. To better understand the disease risks associated with bird use of CAFOs, we assessed the capacity of European starlings Sturnus vulgaris to spread Salmonella enterica to cattle, their feed and Water. 2. We sampled starlings, cattle feed, cattle Water and cattle faeces from 10 CAFOs in Texas, USA. Samples were screened for Salmonella enterica to investigate: (i) the prevalence of S. enterica in starlings using CAFOs, (ii) whether there was a relationship between cattle infections and starling numbers, and (iii) if S. enterica contamination of cattle feed and Water was related to numbers of starlings observed on CAFOs. 3. We used generalized linear mixed logistic regression models to assess the importance of starlings, cattle stocking, facility management and environmental variables in the transmission of S. enterica to cattle, feed Troughs and Water Troughs in CAFOs. 4. Starling gastrointestinal tract samples tested positive for S. enterica (2AE5% prevalence; 95% CI = 0AE3%, 8AE6%) and starlings were retained as model covariates in the best supported logistic regression models for S. enterica contamination within cattle feed, Water and faeces. 5. Salmonella enterica contamination of both cattle feed Troughs and Water Troughs is significantly related to numbers of starlings. Contamination in cattle feed increased as more starlings entered feed Troughs. Contamination in Water Troughs increased asymptotically as numbers of starlings on CAFOs increased. Starling variables in the cattle faecal shedding model were not significant. 6. Synthesis and applications. The numbers of European starlings better explained S. enterica contamination of cattle feed and Water than other variables including cattle stocking, facility management and environmental variables. This suggests that starlings are a source of S. enterica contamination in CAFOs. Thus, starling management tools such as population control, habitat management, exclusionary devises and bird repellents may be used to reduce the amplification and spread of disease within livestock production systems.
James C. Carlson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The role of European starlings in the spread of coccidia within concentrated animal feeding operations.
Veterinary parasitology, 2011Co-Authors: James C. Carlson, Susan E Pettit, George M Linz, Lora R Ballweber, Stacey A Elmore, Alan B FranklinAbstract:To investigate the relationship between European starlings and bovine coccidiosis we collected samples from European starlings, cattle feed bunks, cattle Water Troughs, and cattle feces within concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs). These samples were screened for coccidia spp. to investigate (i) the prevalence of coccidia in starlings using CAFOs; (ii) if there is a relationship between bovine coccidiosis and starling numbers; (iii) if coccidia contamination of cattle feed and Water is related to the number of starlings observed on CAFOs. Coccidia belonging to the genus Eimeria were detected in cattle feces and one Water sample but no Eimeria spp. were detected in European starlings or cattle feed. However, many European starling samples were positive for Isospora. Starling use of CAFOs did not appear to be associated with coccidia spp. shedding by cattle and there was no correlation between starling numbers and contamination of cattle feed and Water, suggesting that starling do not contribute to the amplification and spread of Eimeria in CAFOs.
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the role of starlings in the spread of salmonella within concentrated animal feeding operations
Journal of Applied Ecology, 2011Co-Authors: James C. Carlson, Doreene R. Hyatt, Susan E Pettit, Alan B Franklin, George M LinzAbstract:Summary 1. Characterizing and mitigating the disease risks associated with wildlife use of concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) can reduce the spread of micro-organisms throughout the environment while increasing agricultural productivity. To better understand the disease risks associated with bird use of CAFOs, we assessed the capacity of European starlings Sturnus vulgaris to spread Salmonella enterica to cattle, their feed and Water. 2. We sampled starlings, cattle feed, cattle Water and cattle faeces from 10 CAFOs in Texas, USA. Samples were screened for Salmonella enterica to investigate: (i) the prevalence of S. enterica in starlings using CAFOs, (ii) whether there was a relationship between cattle infections and starling numbers, and (iii) if S. enterica contamination of cattle feed and Water was related to numbers of starlings observed on CAFOs. 3. We used generalized linear mixed logistic regression models to assess the importance of starlings, cattle stocking, facility management and environmental variables in the transmission of S. enterica to cattle, feed Troughs and Water Troughs in CAFOs. 4. Starling gastrointestinal tract samples tested positive for S. enterica (2AE5% prevalence; 95% CI = 0AE3%, 8AE6%) and starlings were retained as model covariates in the best supported logistic regression models for S. enterica contamination within cattle feed, Water and faeces. 5. Salmonella enterica contamination of both cattle feed Troughs and Water Troughs is significantly related to numbers of starlings. Contamination in cattle feed increased as more starlings entered feed Troughs. Contamination in Water Troughs increased asymptotically as numbers of starlings on CAFOs increased. Starling variables in the cattle faecal shedding model were not significant. 6. Synthesis and applications. The numbers of European starlings better explained S. enterica contamination of cattle feed and Water than other variables including cattle stocking, facility management and environmental variables. This suggests that starlings are a source of S. enterica contamination in CAFOs. Thus, starling management tools such as population control, habitat management, exclusionary devises and bird repellents may be used to reduce the amplification and spread of disease within livestock production systems.
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Efficacy of European starling control to reduce Salmonella enterica contamination in a concentrated animal feeding operation in the Texas panhandle
BMC Veterinary Research, 2011Co-Authors: James C. Carlson, Doreene R. Hyatt, Michael J. Bodenchuk, Ronald L Gilliland, Larry Clark, Thomas J Deliberto, Richard M Engeman, George M LinzAbstract:BACKGROUND: European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) are an invasive bird species known to cause damage to plant and animal agriculture. New evidence suggests starlings may also contribute to the maintenance and spread of diseases within livestock facilities. Identifying and mitigating the risk pathways that contribute to disease in livestock is necessary to reduce production losses and contamination of human food products. To better understand the impact starlings have on disease transmission to cattle we assessed the efficacy of starling control as a tool to reduce Salmonella enterica within a concentrated animal feeding operation. We matched a large facility, slated for operational control using DRC-1339 (3-chloro-4-methylaniline hydrochloride, also 3-chloro p-toluidine hydrochloride, 3-chloro-4-methylaniline), with a comparable reference facility that was not controlling birds. In both facilities, we sampled cattle feed, cattle Water and cattle feces for S. enterica before and after starling control operations. RESULTS: Within the starling-controlled CAFO, detections of S. enterica contamination disappeared from feed bunks and substantially declined within Water Troughs following starling control operations. Within the reference facility, detections of S. enterica contamination increased substantially within feed bunks and Water Troughs. Starling control was not observed to reduce prevalence of S. enterica in the cattle herd. Following starling control operations, herd prevalence of S. enterica increased on the reference facility but herd prevalence of S. enterica on the starling-controlled CAFO stayed at pretreatment levels. CONCLUSIONS: Within the starling-controlled facility detections of S. enterica disappeared from feed bunks and substantially declined within Water Troughs following control operations. Since cattle feed and Water are obvious routes for the ingestion of S. enterica, starling control shows promise as a tool to help livestock producers manage disease. Yet, we do not believe starling control should be used as a stand alone tool to reduce S. enterica infections. Rather starling control could be used as part of a comprehensive disease management plan for concentrated animal feeding operations.
Susan E Pettit - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The role of European starlings in the spread of coccidia within concentrated animal feeding operations.
Veterinary parasitology, 2011Co-Authors: James C. Carlson, Susan E Pettit, George M Linz, Lora R Ballweber, Stacey A Elmore, Alan B FranklinAbstract:To investigate the relationship between European starlings and bovine coccidiosis we collected samples from European starlings, cattle feed bunks, cattle Water Troughs, and cattle feces within concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs). These samples were screened for coccidia spp. to investigate (i) the prevalence of coccidia in starlings using CAFOs; (ii) if there is a relationship between bovine coccidiosis and starling numbers; (iii) if coccidia contamination of cattle feed and Water is related to the number of starlings observed on CAFOs. Coccidia belonging to the genus Eimeria were detected in cattle feces and one Water sample but no Eimeria spp. were detected in European starlings or cattle feed. However, many European starling samples were positive for Isospora. Starling use of CAFOs did not appear to be associated with coccidia spp. shedding by cattle and there was no correlation between starling numbers and contamination of cattle feed and Water, suggesting that starling do not contribute to the amplification and spread of Eimeria in CAFOs.
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the role of starlings in the spread of salmonella within concentrated animal feeding operations
Journal of Applied Ecology, 2011Co-Authors: James C. Carlson, Doreene R. Hyatt, Susan E Pettit, Alan B Franklin, George M LinzAbstract:Summary 1. Characterizing and mitigating the disease risks associated with wildlife use of concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) can reduce the spread of micro-organisms throughout the environment while increasing agricultural productivity. To better understand the disease risks associated with bird use of CAFOs, we assessed the capacity of European starlings Sturnus vulgaris to spread Salmonella enterica to cattle, their feed and Water. 2. We sampled starlings, cattle feed, cattle Water and cattle faeces from 10 CAFOs in Texas, USA. Samples were screened for Salmonella enterica to investigate: (i) the prevalence of S. enterica in starlings using CAFOs, (ii) whether there was a relationship between cattle infections and starling numbers, and (iii) if S. enterica contamination of cattle feed and Water was related to numbers of starlings observed on CAFOs. 3. We used generalized linear mixed logistic regression models to assess the importance of starlings, cattle stocking, facility management and environmental variables in the transmission of S. enterica to cattle, feed Troughs and Water Troughs in CAFOs. 4. Starling gastrointestinal tract samples tested positive for S. enterica (2AE5% prevalence; 95% CI = 0AE3%, 8AE6%) and starlings were retained as model covariates in the best supported logistic regression models for S. enterica contamination within cattle feed, Water and faeces. 5. Salmonella enterica contamination of both cattle feed Troughs and Water Troughs is significantly related to numbers of starlings. Contamination in cattle feed increased as more starlings entered feed Troughs. Contamination in Water Troughs increased asymptotically as numbers of starlings on CAFOs increased. Starling variables in the cattle faecal shedding model were not significant. 6. Synthesis and applications. The numbers of European starlings better explained S. enterica contamination of cattle feed and Water than other variables including cattle stocking, facility management and environmental variables. This suggests that starlings are a source of S. enterica contamination in CAFOs. Thus, starling management tools such as population control, habitat management, exclusionary devises and bird repellents may be used to reduce the amplification and spread of disease within livestock production systems.
