The Experts below are selected from a list of 291 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Cord Drogemuller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Wattles in goats are associated with the fmn1 grem1 region on chromosome 10
Animal Genetics, 2015Co-Authors: Irene Reber, Irene Keller, Doreen Becker, Christine Flury, Monika Maria Welle, Cord DrogemullerAbstract:The presence of congenital appendages (Wattles) on the throat of goats is supposed to be under genetic control with a dominant mode of inheritance. Wattles contain a cartilaginous core covered with normal skin resembling early stages of extremities. To map the dominant caprine Wattles (W) locus, we collected samples of 174 goats with Wattles and 167 goats without Wattles from nine different Swiss goat breeds. The samples were genotyped with the 53k goat SNP chip for a subsequent genome‐wide association study. We obtained a single strong association signal on chromosome 10 in a region containing functional candidate genes for limb development and outgrowth. We sequenced the whole genomes of an informative family trio containing an offspring without Wattles and its heterozygous parents with Wattles. In the associated goat chromosome 10 region, a total of 1055 SNPs and short indels perfectly co‐segregate with the W allele. None of the variants were perfectly associated with the phenotype after analyzing the genome sequences of eight additional goats. We speculate that the causative mutation is located in one of the numerous gaps in the current version of the goat reference sequence and/or represents a larger structural variant which influences the expression of the FMN1 and/or GREM1 genes. Also, we cannot rule out possible genetic or allelic heterogeneity. Our genetic findings support earlier assumptions that Wattles are rudimentary developed extremities.
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Wattles in goats are associated with the FMN1/GREM1 region on chromosome 10.
Animal Genetics, 2015Co-Authors: Irene Reber, Irene Keller, Doreen Becker, Christine Flury, Monika Maria Welle, Cord DrogemullerAbstract:The presence of congenital appendages (Wattles) on the throat of goats is supposed to be under genetic control with a dominant mode of inheritance. Wattles contain a cartilaginous core covered with normal skin resembling early stages of extremities. To map the dominant caprine Wattles (W) locus, we collected samples of 174 goats with Wattles and 167 goats without Wattles from nine different Swiss goat breeds. The samples were genotyped with the 53k goat SNP chip for a subsequent genome‐wide association study. We obtained a single strong association signal on chromosome 10 in a region containing functional candidate genes for limb development and outgrowth. We sequenced the whole genomes of an informative family trio containing an offspring without Wattles and its heterozygous parents with Wattles. In the associated goat chromosome 10 region, a total of 1055 SNPs and short indels perfectly co‐segregate with the W allele. None of the variants were perfectly associated with the phenotype after analyzing the genome sequences of eight additional goats. We speculate that the causative mutation is located in one of the numerous gaps in the current version of the goat reference sequence and/or represents a larger structural variant which influences the expression of the FMN1 and/or GREM1 genes. Also, we cannot rule out possible genetic or allelic heterogeneity. Our genetic findings support earlier assumptions that Wattles are rudimentary developed extremities.
Asit Baran Mandal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Combined biodegradation and ozonation for removal of tannins and dyes for the reduction of pollution loads
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2012Co-Authors: James Kanagaraj, Asit Baran MandalAbstract:Purpose Tannins and dyes pose major threat to the environment by generating huge pollution problem. Biodegradation of wattle extract, chrome tannin and dye compounds using suitable fungal culture namely Aspergillus niger , Penicillium sp. were carried out. In addition to these, ozone treatment was carried out to get higher degradation rate. Results The results were monitored by carrying out chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), and UV–Vis analysis. The results showed that wattle extract (vegetable tannin) gave better biodegradation rate than dye and chromium compounds. Biodegradation plus ozone showed degradation rates of 92–95%, 94–95%, and 85–87% for the wattle extract, dyes, chromium compounds, respectively. UV–Vis showed that there were no peaks observed for biodegraded samples indicating better degradation rates as compared to the control samples. FT-IR spectra analysis suggested that the formation of flavanoid derivatives, chromic oxide and NH_2 compounds during degradation of wattle extract, chromium and dye compounds, respectively, at the peaks of 1,601–1,629 cm^−1, 1,647 cm^−1, and 1,610–1,680 cm^−1. Conclusion The present investigation shows that combination of biodegradation with ozone is the effective method for the removal of dyes and tannins. The biodegradation of the said compounds in combination with ozonation showed better rate of degradation than by chemical methods. The combination of biodegradation with ozone helps to reduce pollution problems in terms of COD, TOC, total dissolved solids and total suspended solids.
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recovery and reuse of chromium from chrome tanning waste water aiming towards zero discharge of pollution
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2008Co-Authors: J Kanagaraj, N Chandra K Babu, Asit Baran MandalAbstract:Abstract The leather industry faces very challenging task because of the regulations enforced by the various pollution control bodies to maintain the discharged norms of the chemical in the treated water. The pollution due to the use of chromium and other chemicals in the leather industry is critically analyzed for the harmful effects. Many studies have been undertaken to optimize the amount of chemicals used in leather processing. The pollution due to chromium is one of the major constraints in the leather processing operation. Chrome recovery and reuse methods have become the compulsory recovery methods in the leather industry to recover and reuse the chromium present in the effluent. Several precipitation methods are emerging but still they are not feasible. In this paper, an attempt has been made to recover the chromium present in spent tan liquor using neutralized wattle extract. The wattle extract at different pH conditions (pH 7, 8, and 9) was used for recovery of chromium. The neutralized wattle extract was made to react with chromium in the spent liquor and allowed to settle for a period of 6 h. Major amount of chromium settles at the bottom leaving minimal amount in the supernatant. The chrome was recovered and reused for tanning the pelt. The wattle extract that was left in the tanning bath was reused for post-tanning process as a retanning agent. Therefore, complete utilization of the chromium and wattle extract has been achieved in this work. It has also been noticed that increased level of chrome exhaustion of 85% and 87% (precipitate and supernatant) in experimental leather could be obtained in comparison with the exhaustion of 74% in control sample. The physical strength and color properties of the experimental leather were comparable to the control leather. The overall results show that the recovered chromium can be well used for tanning purpose to obtain the leather of comparable properties.
Y. Yazaki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Factory trials of Chinese wattle tannin adhesives for antislip plywood
European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 1996Co-Authors: L. Zhao, F. Wang, Y. YazakiAbstract:As the final step in the series of studies on the development of Chinese wattle tannin adhesives, factory trials were carried out in order to evaluate the feasibility of this technology for producing exterior grade plywood in China. More than 1 tonne of wattle tannin adhesives were formulated using PF and PUF resins developed as cross-linking agents. A total of 460 sheets of plywood (1830 × 915 × 9 mm) were produced during four and a quarter working shifts totalling 34 working hours in the plywood factory.
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Chinese wattle tannin adhesives for exterior grade plywood
European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 1995Co-Authors: L. Zhao, F. Wang, Y. YazakiAbstract:Chinese wattle tannin adhesives were prepared in conjunction with the preparation of phenol-formaldehyde (PF) and phenolurea-formaldehyde (PUF) resins as crosslinking agents which can be substitutes for expensive paraformaldehyde. Adhesive formulations and gluing conditions were examined by preparing laboratory plywoods (300×300 mm). Based on the results obtained, plywoods (600×600 mm) ofTilia species and ofPinus massoniana were prepared using wattle tannin adhesives in pilot plant trials. The gluing results revealed that the tensile strength of the plywood can meet the requirements of the Chinese Standard GB9846.4-88 for exterior grade plywood.
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Chinese wattle tannin adhesives suitable for producing exterior grade plywood in China
European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 1994Co-Authors: L. Zhao, F. Wang, Y. YazakiAbstract:Wattle tannin adhesives were successfully formulated from tannin extracts, which were commercially produced from black wattle (Acacia mearnsii) bark in China. Using the Chinese wattle tannin adhesives a total of 153 plywood panels were prepared in order to study effects of pH, paraformaldehyde, glue spread, hot pressing temperature and time, and closed assembly time on bonding strength and their bonding quality was assessed according to the Chinese Standard for exterior grade plywood. Statistical analysis results revealed that Chinese wattle tannin can be used for producing exterior grade plywood under Chinese plywood factory conditions. One of the specific characteristics of these Chinese wattle tannin adhesives was that their use resulted in plywood of high quality bonding over the wide range of closed assembly time from 30 minutes to 16 hours. These Chinese wattle tannin adhesives have a great potential for commercialization in China.
Christopher S Evans - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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on the function of an enigmatic ornament Wattles increase the conspicuousness of visual displays in male fowl
Animal Behaviour, 2009Co-Authors: Carolynn L Smith, Phillip W Taylor, Christopher S EvansAbstract:Males of many species perform elaborate displays in which multiple ornaments feature prominently. However, female preferences often depend upon both display movements and a subset of the ornaments. This response selectivity means that female choice cannot explain the function of nonpreferred ornaments. These structures may instead have an ancillary function (e.g. enhancing signal efficacy or modifying information content). Male junglefowl, Gallus gallus, possess multiple fleshy ornaments, which feature prominently during food-related displays (tidbitting). There is strong evidence for female choice based on display frequency and comb characteristics, but little evidence for choice based on Wattles. Wattles are thin, elastic structures that hang loosely from a male's lower mandibles and vary in size over a male's lifetime. These structures swing rapidly during tidbitting, potentially increasing the area around the head and increasing image motion. Males also tidbit more vigorously with highly preferred food, increasing wattle displacement and thereby potentially affecting information content. We tested the prediction that Wattles enhance signal efficacy and information content by conducting high-definition playbacks, using three-dimensional animations of tidbitting males with differing wattle properties. Results revealed that the food-searching response of receivers was robust to changes in wattle size and motion. Increased wattle displacement did not decrease orienting latency or increase food-searching duration, which suggests that Wattles do not contribute significantly to information content. However, apparent wattle size significantly decreased orienting latency, demonstrating that Wattles increase the conspicuousness of the tidbitting signal. These results suggest that Wattles are maintained because they enhance signal efficacy.
Irene Reber - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Wattles in goats are associated with the fmn1 grem1 region on chromosome 10
Animal Genetics, 2015Co-Authors: Irene Reber, Irene Keller, Doreen Becker, Christine Flury, Monika Maria Welle, Cord DrogemullerAbstract:The presence of congenital appendages (Wattles) on the throat of goats is supposed to be under genetic control with a dominant mode of inheritance. Wattles contain a cartilaginous core covered with normal skin resembling early stages of extremities. To map the dominant caprine Wattles (W) locus, we collected samples of 174 goats with Wattles and 167 goats without Wattles from nine different Swiss goat breeds. The samples were genotyped with the 53k goat SNP chip for a subsequent genome‐wide association study. We obtained a single strong association signal on chromosome 10 in a region containing functional candidate genes for limb development and outgrowth. We sequenced the whole genomes of an informative family trio containing an offspring without Wattles and its heterozygous parents with Wattles. In the associated goat chromosome 10 region, a total of 1055 SNPs and short indels perfectly co‐segregate with the W allele. None of the variants were perfectly associated with the phenotype after analyzing the genome sequences of eight additional goats. We speculate that the causative mutation is located in one of the numerous gaps in the current version of the goat reference sequence and/or represents a larger structural variant which influences the expression of the FMN1 and/or GREM1 genes. Also, we cannot rule out possible genetic or allelic heterogeneity. Our genetic findings support earlier assumptions that Wattles are rudimentary developed extremities.
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Wattles in goats are associated with the FMN1/GREM1 region on chromosome 10.
Animal Genetics, 2015Co-Authors: Irene Reber, Irene Keller, Doreen Becker, Christine Flury, Monika Maria Welle, Cord DrogemullerAbstract:The presence of congenital appendages (Wattles) on the throat of goats is supposed to be under genetic control with a dominant mode of inheritance. Wattles contain a cartilaginous core covered with normal skin resembling early stages of extremities. To map the dominant caprine Wattles (W) locus, we collected samples of 174 goats with Wattles and 167 goats without Wattles from nine different Swiss goat breeds. The samples were genotyped with the 53k goat SNP chip for a subsequent genome‐wide association study. We obtained a single strong association signal on chromosome 10 in a region containing functional candidate genes for limb development and outgrowth. We sequenced the whole genomes of an informative family trio containing an offspring without Wattles and its heterozygous parents with Wattles. In the associated goat chromosome 10 region, a total of 1055 SNPs and short indels perfectly co‐segregate with the W allele. None of the variants were perfectly associated with the phenotype after analyzing the genome sequences of eight additional goats. We speculate that the causative mutation is located in one of the numerous gaps in the current version of the goat reference sequence and/or represents a larger structural variant which influences the expression of the FMN1 and/or GREM1 genes. Also, we cannot rule out possible genetic or allelic heterogeneity. Our genetic findings support earlier assumptions that Wattles are rudimentary developed extremities.
