The Experts below are selected from a list of 20310 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Scott D Sagan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the causes of nuclear Weapons proliferation
Annual Review of Political Science, 2011Co-Authors: Scott D SaganAbstract:This critical review of the new political science literature on the causes of nuclear Weapons proliferation consists of seven parts. The first section briefly presents what we know about which states developed nuclear Weapons and which states started but abandoned Weapons Development programs. I highlight the problems that result from uncertainty about the accuracy and completeness of the data. The second and third sections review the literature on the spread of the technical capability to develop nuclear Weapons. We still lack robust knowledge about the relationship between the Development of civilian nuclear power programs and nuclear Weapons acquisition. The next two sections review the literature on the demand for nuclear Weapons. Comparative case studies and statistical studies have improved our understanding of the diversity of motives for Weapons Development and restraints, but serious gaps in our knowledge remain. The sixth section outlines alternative theories about the potential impact of the nu...
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why do states build nuclear Weapons three models in search of a bomb
International Security, 1996Co-Authors: Scott D SaganAbstract:The central purpose of this article is to challenge conventional wisdom about nuclear proliferation. The author argues that the consensus view, focusing on national security considerations as the cause of proliferation, is dangerously inadequate because nuclear Weapons programs also serve other, more parochial and less obvious objectives. Nuclear Weapons, like other Weapons, are more than tools of national security; they are political objects of considerable importance in domestic debates and internal bureaucratic struggles and can also serve as international normative symbols of modernity and identity. The body of this article examines three alternate theoretical frameworks - called {open_quotes}models{close_quotes} in the very informal sense of the term - about why states decide to build or refrain from developing nuclear Weapons: {open_quotes}the security model,{close_quotes} according to which states build nuclear Weapons to increase national security against foreign threats, especially nuclear threats; {open_quotes}the domestic politics model,{close_quotes} which envisions nuclear Weapons as political tools used to advance parochial domestic and bureaucratic interests; and {open_quotes}the norms model,{close_quotes} under which nuclear Weapons decisions are made because Weapons acquisition, or restraint in Weapons Development, provides an important normative symbol of a state`s modernity and identity. Although many of the ideas underlying these models exist in the vastmore » case-study and proliferation-policy literatures, they have not been adequately analyzed, nor placed in a comparative theoretical framework, nor properly evaluated against empirical evidence. Models are compared to their theoretical conceptions of the causes of Weapons Development, present alternative interpretations of the history of some major proliferation decisions, and contrast the models` implications for nonproliferation policy. 71 refs.« less
Graham Spinardi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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tacit knowledge Weapons design and the uninvention of nuclear Weapons
American Journal of Sociology, 1995Co-Authors: Donald Mackenzie, Graham SpinardiAbstract:Tacit Knowledge, embodied in people rather than words, equations, or diagrams, plays a vital role in science. The historical record of the Development and spread of nuclear Weapons and the recollections of their designers suggest that tacit knowledge is also crucial to nuclear Weapons Development. Therefore, if design ceases, and if there is no new generation of designers to whom that tacit knowledge can be passed, then in an important (though qualified) sense nuclear Weapons will have been uninvented. Their renewed Development would thus have some of the characteristics of reinvention rather than simply copying. In addition, knowledge may be lost not only as a result of complete disarmament, but also as a consequence of likely measures such as a nuclear test ban.
Denise Garcia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the artificial intelligence arms race trends and world leaders in autonomous Weapons Development
Global Policy, 2019Co-Authors: Justin Haner, Denise GarciaAbstract:Autonomous Weapons technologies, which rely on artificial intelligence, are advancing rapidly and without sufficient public debate or accountability. Oversight of increased autonomy in warfare is critically important because this deadly technology is likely to proliferate rapidly, enhance terrorist tactics, empower authoritarian rulers, undermine democratic peace, and is vulnerable to bias, hacking, and malfunction. The top competitors in this arms race are the United States, China, Russia, South Korea, and the European Union.
Donald Mackenzie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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tacit knowledge Weapons design and the uninvention of nuclear Weapons
American Journal of Sociology, 1995Co-Authors: Donald Mackenzie, Graham SpinardiAbstract:Tacit Knowledge, embodied in people rather than words, equations, or diagrams, plays a vital role in science. The historical record of the Development and spread of nuclear Weapons and the recollections of their designers suggest that tacit knowledge is also crucial to nuclear Weapons Development. Therefore, if design ceases, and if there is no new generation of designers to whom that tacit knowledge can be passed, then in an important (though qualified) sense nuclear Weapons will have been uninvented. Their renewed Development would thus have some of the characteristics of reinvention rather than simply copying. In addition, knowledge may be lost not only as a result of complete disarmament, but also as a consequence of likely measures such as a nuclear test ban.
Justin Haner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the artificial intelligence arms race trends and world leaders in autonomous Weapons Development
Global Policy, 2019Co-Authors: Justin Haner, Denise GarciaAbstract:Autonomous Weapons technologies, which rely on artificial intelligence, are advancing rapidly and without sufficient public debate or accountability. Oversight of increased autonomy in warfare is critically important because this deadly technology is likely to proliferate rapidly, enhance terrorist tactics, empower authoritarian rulers, undermine democratic peace, and is vulnerable to bias, hacking, and malfunction. The top competitors in this arms race are the United States, China, Russia, South Korea, and the European Union.
