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D A S Phillips - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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protection of lyocell against fibrillation part 2 application of 4 6 p β sulphatoethylsulphonyl anilino 1 3 5 triazin 2 1h one to lyocell by an exhaust process
Coloration Technology, 2007Co-Authors: Irena Bates, D A S Phillips, Andrew Hunter Morris Renfrew, Thomas RosenauAbstract:An exhaust application method for 4,6-(p-β-sulphatoethylsulphonyl)anilino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one to dried lyocell fibre has been developed. The procedure employs a temperature gradient technique with all of the salt and alkali present at the start. This method gives consistent Wet Abrasion resistance values with a standard deviation only marginally inferior to Tencel A100. Subsequent dyeing of lyocell fibres, in turn with two reactive dyes, gave build-up profiles indistinguishable from untreated fibre. The lyocell–agent bonding was stable to high temperature polyester dyeing conditions at pH 6, but unexpectedly showed some instability (as evidenced by a fall in Wet Abrasion resistance values) when subjected to base-catalysed reactive dyeing conditions.
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protection of lyocell against fibrillation part 1 design synthesis and application of novel crosslinking agents
Coloration Technology, 2006Co-Authors: I Ates, D A S Phillips, E Maudru, A H M RenfrewAbstract:Three known fibre crosslinking agents have been chemically modified in an attempt to correct technical and/or application deficiencies. The novel agents have been applied, in turn, to lyocell fibre by an exhaustion process, the Wet Abrasion resistance of each modified fibre measured and the results compared with Cibatex AE 4425 and with the bis-sulphatoethylsulphone dye Remazol Black B. Agents carrying the m-carboxypyridinium-1,3,5-triazine-2-oxido group were not of interest as they produced pale yellow fibres due to ring opening of the pyridinium ring during alkali fixation. The best all-round performer was 2,4-di(p-β-sulphatoethylsulphonyl)anilino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one.
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cross linking agents for the protection of lyocell against fibrillation synthesis application and technical assessment of 2 4 diacrylamidobenzenesulphonic acid
Coloration Technology, 2004Co-Authors: Irena Bates, D A S Phillips, E Maudru, Andrew Hunter Morris Renfrew, Y Su, J XuAbstract:A novel, colourless, water soluble, anionic cross-linking agent, 2,4-diacrylamidobenzenesulphonic acid, has been synthesised, applied to lyocell by a pad-steam method and the Wet Abrasion resistance measured. The agent furnished cross-linked lyocell fibres with good Wet Abrasion resistance and stable lyocell-agent bonds to subsequent hot exhaust reactive dyeing conditions. Surprisingly, the fibre-agent bonds showed some instability to polyester dyeing conditions at pH 4 5 and 5.0. This is rationalised in terms of hydrolysis of the amide bond ortho to the sulphonic acid group via a neighbouring group participation mechanism.
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protection of lyocell fibres against fibrillation mode of action of the cross linking agent 2 4 dichloro 6 b sulphatoethylsulphonyl anilino s triazine
Coloration Technology, 2003Co-Authors: Andrew Hunter Morris Renfrew, D A S PhillipsAbstract:2,4-Dichloro-6-(β-sulphatoethylsulphonyl)anilino-s-triazine is used as a cross-linking agent to improve the Wet Abrasion resistance of Lyocell fibres. The agent, which exhibits poor water solubility, is sold as an aqueous dispersion. During application to Lyocell in the presence of alkali, the agent enters a solution phase before reacting with the fibres. High pressure liquid chromatography analysis and solution studies support the view that the two electrophilic species taking part in the cross-linking reaction are vinylsulphone plus one of the chlorine atoms of the dichlorotriazine residue and that preliminary hydrolysis of one of the chlorine atoms is not the cause of the observed solubility changes.
Andrew Hunter Morris Renfrew - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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protection of lyocell against fibrillation part 2 application of 4 6 p β sulphatoethylsulphonyl anilino 1 3 5 triazin 2 1h one to lyocell by an exhaust process
Coloration Technology, 2007Co-Authors: Irena Bates, D A S Phillips, Andrew Hunter Morris Renfrew, Thomas RosenauAbstract:An exhaust application method for 4,6-(p-β-sulphatoethylsulphonyl)anilino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one to dried lyocell fibre has been developed. The procedure employs a temperature gradient technique with all of the salt and alkali present at the start. This method gives consistent Wet Abrasion resistance values with a standard deviation only marginally inferior to Tencel A100. Subsequent dyeing of lyocell fibres, in turn with two reactive dyes, gave build-up profiles indistinguishable from untreated fibre. The lyocell–agent bonding was stable to high temperature polyester dyeing conditions at pH 6, but unexpectedly showed some instability (as evidenced by a fall in Wet Abrasion resistance values) when subjected to base-catalysed reactive dyeing conditions.
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cross linking agents for the protection of lyocell against fibrillation synthesis application and technical assessment of 2 4 diacrylamidobenzenesulphonic acid
Coloration Technology, 2004Co-Authors: Irena Bates, D A S Phillips, E Maudru, Andrew Hunter Morris Renfrew, Y Su, J XuAbstract:A novel, colourless, water soluble, anionic cross-linking agent, 2,4-diacrylamidobenzenesulphonic acid, has been synthesised, applied to lyocell by a pad-steam method and the Wet Abrasion resistance measured. The agent furnished cross-linked lyocell fibres with good Wet Abrasion resistance and stable lyocell-agent bonds to subsequent hot exhaust reactive dyeing conditions. Surprisingly, the fibre-agent bonds showed some instability to polyester dyeing conditions at pH 4 5 and 5.0. This is rationalised in terms of hydrolysis of the amide bond ortho to the sulphonic acid group via a neighbouring group participation mechanism.
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protection of lyocell fibres against fibrillation mode of action of the cross linking agent 2 4 dichloro 6 b sulphatoethylsulphonyl anilino s triazine
Coloration Technology, 2003Co-Authors: Andrew Hunter Morris Renfrew, D A S PhillipsAbstract:2,4-Dichloro-6-(β-sulphatoethylsulphonyl)anilino-s-triazine is used as a cross-linking agent to improve the Wet Abrasion resistance of Lyocell fibres. The agent, which exhibits poor water solubility, is sold as an aqueous dispersion. During application to Lyocell in the presence of alkali, the agent enters a solution phase before reacting with the fibres. High pressure liquid chromatography analysis and solution studies support the view that the two electrophilic species taking part in the cross-linking reaction are vinylsulphone plus one of the chlorine atoms of the dichlorotriazine residue and that preliminary hydrolysis of one of the chlorine atoms is not the cause of the observed solubility changes.
Irena Bates - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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protection of lyocell against fibrillation part 2 application of 4 6 p β sulphatoethylsulphonyl anilino 1 3 5 triazin 2 1h one to lyocell by an exhaust process
Coloration Technology, 2007Co-Authors: Irena Bates, D A S Phillips, Andrew Hunter Morris Renfrew, Thomas RosenauAbstract:An exhaust application method for 4,6-(p-β-sulphatoethylsulphonyl)anilino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one to dried lyocell fibre has been developed. The procedure employs a temperature gradient technique with all of the salt and alkali present at the start. This method gives consistent Wet Abrasion resistance values with a standard deviation only marginally inferior to Tencel A100. Subsequent dyeing of lyocell fibres, in turn with two reactive dyes, gave build-up profiles indistinguishable from untreated fibre. The lyocell–agent bonding was stable to high temperature polyester dyeing conditions at pH 6, but unexpectedly showed some instability (as evidenced by a fall in Wet Abrasion resistance values) when subjected to base-catalysed reactive dyeing conditions.
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cross linking agents for the protection of lyocell against fibrillation synthesis application and technical assessment of 2 4 diacrylamidobenzenesulphonic acid
Coloration Technology, 2004Co-Authors: Irena Bates, D A S Phillips, E Maudru, Andrew Hunter Morris Renfrew, Y Su, J XuAbstract:A novel, colourless, water soluble, anionic cross-linking agent, 2,4-diacrylamidobenzenesulphonic acid, has been synthesised, applied to lyocell by a pad-steam method and the Wet Abrasion resistance measured. The agent furnished cross-linked lyocell fibres with good Wet Abrasion resistance and stable lyocell-agent bonds to subsequent hot exhaust reactive dyeing conditions. Surprisingly, the fibre-agent bonds showed some instability to polyester dyeing conditions at pH 4 5 and 5.0. This is rationalised in terms of hydrolysis of the amide bond ortho to the sulphonic acid group via a neighbouring group participation mechanism.
A H M Renfrew - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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protection of lyocell fibres against fibrillation influence of dyeing with bis monochloro s triazinyl reactive dyes
Coloration Technology, 2008Co-Authors: I Ates, R Ibbe, R Reisel, A H M RenfrewAbstract:Four bis-monochlorotriazinyl (bis-MCT) reactive dyes, including Procion Orange H-ER, together with Remazol Black B, were applied, in turn, to lyocell fibres and their Wet Abrasion resistance (Nass-Scheuer-Festigkeit) measured. The bis-MCT dyes performed poorly, showing that little cross-linking had occurred and all were inferior to Remazol Black B. The cross-linking propensity of Procion Orange H-ER was not superior to the other bis-MCT dyes evaluated. A possible explanation for the apparent superiority of Procion Orange H-ER in a recent paper published in this journal may lie with fabric construction but not with the suppression of fibrillation once it has occurred.
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protection of lyocell against fibrillation part 1 design synthesis and application of novel crosslinking agents
Coloration Technology, 2006Co-Authors: I Ates, D A S Phillips, E Maudru, A H M RenfrewAbstract:Three known fibre crosslinking agents have been chemically modified in an attempt to correct technical and/or application deficiencies. The novel agents have been applied, in turn, to lyocell fibre by an exhaustion process, the Wet Abrasion resistance of each modified fibre measured and the results compared with Cibatex AE 4425 and with the bis-sulphatoethylsulphone dye Remazol Black B. Agents carrying the m-carboxypyridinium-1,3,5-triazine-2-oxido group were not of interest as they produced pale yellow fibres due to ring opening of the pyridinium ring during alkali fixation. The best all-round performer was 2,4-di(p-β-sulphatoethylsulphonyl)anilino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one.
Sixta Herbert - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sustainable Cross-Linking of Man-Made Cellulosic Fibers with Poly(carboxylic acids) for Fibrillation Control
'American Chemical Society (ACS)', 2021Co-Authors: Ma Yibo, You Xiang, Rissanen Marja, Schlapp-hackl Inge, Sixta HerbertAbstract:Funding Information: The authors acknowledge Sateri International, Singapore, for financial support of the project. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.Lyocell-type fibers often exhibit a high tendency to fibrillate under Wet Abrasion conditions, and fibrillation must be diminished for a better quality of the textile product. In this study, we propose a green route for cross-linking regenerated cellulose fibers using citric acid (CA) and 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) to prevent the fibers from fibrillation. We investigated the influence of process conditions and additives on the fibrillation tendency and fiber properties. The fibrillation tendency of the cross-linked fibers highly depended on the concentration of cross-linker solution, curing temperature, and curing time. BTCA showed better cross-linking performance in comparison to CA. CA cross-linked fibers also suffer from yellowing issues due to the formation of unsaturated side products during curing. Thus, glycerol and xylitol were added during cross-linking to avoid the reaction that led to the unsaturated compound. Washing fastness tests confirmed that the cross-linking has high stabilitywhen the cross-linker concentration is 100 g/L and fibers are cured at 180 °C for 5 min. The disadvantage of the CA and BTCA cross-linked fibers was a relatively low mechanical performance. The study demonstrated that adding softener in the cross-linker solution enhanced the mechanical properties and was also able to reduce the curing temperature without deteriorating the fibrillation index of the cross-linked fibers.Peer reviewe
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New method for determining the degree of fibrillation of regenerated cellulose fibres
'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 2021Co-Authors: Ma Yibo, You Xiang, Rissanen Marja, Moriam Kaniz, Hummel Michael, Sixta HerbertAbstract:In this study, we propose a convenient method for testing the fibrillation tendency of man-made cellulosic fibres (MMCFs) and investigate the possibility to apply a commercial crosslinker for Tencel fibres on the ionic liquid-based regenerated cellulosic fibre (Ioncell fibre). The fibrillation tendency of various MMCFs including viscose, Modal, Tencel and Ioncell fibres were examined through Wet Abrasion by using ball bearing and blending methods. The fibrillation tests using a laboratory blender was found to be a superior method over the ball bearing method in terms of time and energy saving. The fibrillation tendency of the fibres highly depended on their cellulose molecular orientation and the treatment intensity (time, temperature and alkalinity) in the blender. This fibrillation method was also applied to discover the effect of the crosslinking on the fibrillation tendency of the fibres. The Ioncell fibre proved to be suitable for crosslinking treatment to reduce fibrillation using 1,3,5-triacryloyl-hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (TAHT)—a commercial Tencel crosslinker.Peer reviewe
