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Anand R. Sanadi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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reprint of pelletizing properties of torrefied Wheat Straw
Biomass & Bioenergy, 2013Co-Authors: Wolfgang Stelte, Niels Peter K Nielsen, Hans Ove Hansen, Jonas Dahl, Lei Shang, Anand R. SanadiAbstract:Abstract Combined torrefaction and pelletization are used to increase the fuel value of biomass by increasing its energy density and improving its handling and combustion properties. However, pelletization of torrefied biomass can be challenging and in this study the torrefaction and pelletizing properties of Wheat Straw have been analyzed. Laboratory equipment has been used to investigate the pelletizing properties of Wheat Straw torrefied at temperatures between 150 and 300 °C. IR spectroscopy and chemical analyses have shown that high torrefaction temperatures change the chemical properties of the Wheat Straw significantly, and the pelletizing analyses have shown that these changes correlate to changes in the pelletizing properties. Torrefaction increase the friction in the press channel and pellet strength and density decrease with an increase in torrefaction temperature.
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pelletizing properties of torrefied Wheat Straw
Biomass & Bioenergy, 2013Co-Authors: Wolfgang Stelte, Niels Peter K Nielsen, Hans Ove Hansen, Jonas Dahl, Lei Shang, Anand R. SanadiAbstract:Combined torrefaction and pelletization are used to increase the fuel value of biomass by increasing its energy density and improving its handling and combustion properties. However, pelletization of torrefied biomass can be challenging and in this study the torrefaction and pelletizing properties of Wheat Straw have been analyzed. Laboratory equipment has been used to investigate the pelletizing properties of Wheat Straw torrefied at temperatures between 150 and 300 °C. IR spectroscopy and chemical analyses have shown that high torrefaction temperatures change the chemical properties of the Wheat Straw significantly, and the pelletizing analyses have shown that these changes correlate to changes in the pelletizing properties. Torrefaction increase the friction in the press channel and pellet strength and density decrease with an increase in torrefaction temperature.
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Changes of chemical and mechanical behavior of torrefied Wheat Straw
Biomass and Bioenergy, 2012Co-Authors: Lei Shang, Wolfgang Stelte, Anand R. Sanadi, Jens Kai Holm, Jesper Ahrenfeldt, Søren Barsberg, Tobias Pape Thomsen, Ulrik Birk HenriksenAbstract:Abstract The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of torrefaction on the grindability of Wheat Straw. Straw samples were torrefied at temperatures between 200 °C and 300 °C and with residence times between 0.5 and 3 h. Spectroscopic information obtained from ATR-FTIR indicated that below 200 °C there was no obvious structural change of the Wheat Straw. At 200–250 °C hemicelluloses started to decompose and were totally degraded when torrefied at 300 °C for 2 h, while cellulose and lignin began to decompose at about 270–300 °C. Tensile failure strength and strain energy of oven dried Wheat Straw and torrefied Wheat Straw showed a clear reduction with increasing torrefaction temperature. In addition, Hardgrove Grindability Index (HGI) of Wheat Straw torrefied at different conditions was determined on a standard Hardgrove grinder. Both results showed an improvement of grindability in the torrefaction temperature range 250–300 °C, which can be well explained by the findings from FTIR analysis. At a torrefaction temperature of 260 °C and with a residence time of 2 h, Wheat Straw samples produced similar HGI values as coal (RUKUZN) with 0% moisture content. Under this condition, the Anhydrous Weight Loss (AWL%) of the Wheat Straw sample was 30% on dry and ash free basis (daf), and the higher heating value of the torrefied Wheat Straw was 24.2 MJ kg−1 (daf). The energy loss compared to the original material was 15% (daf).
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Thermal transitions of the amorphous polymers in Wheat Straw
Industrial Crops and Products, 2011Co-Authors: Wolfgang Stelte, Craig M. Clemons, Jens Kai Holm, Jesper Ahrenfeldt, Ulrik Birk Henriksen, Anand R. SanadiAbstract:Abstract The thermal transitions of the amorphous polymers in Wheat Straw were investigated using dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). The study included both natural and solvent extracted Wheat Straw, in moist (8–9% water content) and dry conditions, and was compared to spruce samples. Under these conditions two transitions arising from the glass transition of lignin and hemicelluloses have been identified. Key transitions attributed to softening of lignin were found at 53, 63 and 91 °C for moist samples of Wheat Straw, extracted Straw and spruce, respectively. Transitions for hemicelluloses were determined at 2, −1 and 5 °C, respectively. Differences are likely due to different compositions of lignin and hemicelluloses from Straw and spruce and structural differences between the raw materials. The high wax content in Wheat Straw resulted in a transition at about 40 °C which was absent in solvent extracted Wheat Straw samples and spruce. This specific transition was further investigated and confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of extracted Wheat Straw wax. Information about the thermal transitions is of great importance for the utilization of Wheat Straw in pelletizing, briquetting and fiber board manufacturing.
Wolfgang Stelte - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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reprint of pelletizing properties of torrefied Wheat Straw
Biomass & Bioenergy, 2013Co-Authors: Wolfgang Stelte, Niels Peter K Nielsen, Hans Ove Hansen, Jonas Dahl, Lei Shang, Anand R. SanadiAbstract:Abstract Combined torrefaction and pelletization are used to increase the fuel value of biomass by increasing its energy density and improving its handling and combustion properties. However, pelletization of torrefied biomass can be challenging and in this study the torrefaction and pelletizing properties of Wheat Straw have been analyzed. Laboratory equipment has been used to investigate the pelletizing properties of Wheat Straw torrefied at temperatures between 150 and 300 °C. IR spectroscopy and chemical analyses have shown that high torrefaction temperatures change the chemical properties of the Wheat Straw significantly, and the pelletizing analyses have shown that these changes correlate to changes in the pelletizing properties. Torrefaction increase the friction in the press channel and pellet strength and density decrease with an increase in torrefaction temperature.
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pelletizing properties of torrefied Wheat Straw
Biomass & Bioenergy, 2013Co-Authors: Wolfgang Stelte, Niels Peter K Nielsen, Hans Ove Hansen, Jonas Dahl, Lei Shang, Anand R. SanadiAbstract:Combined torrefaction and pelletization are used to increase the fuel value of biomass by increasing its energy density and improving its handling and combustion properties. However, pelletization of torrefied biomass can be challenging and in this study the torrefaction and pelletizing properties of Wheat Straw have been analyzed. Laboratory equipment has been used to investigate the pelletizing properties of Wheat Straw torrefied at temperatures between 150 and 300 °C. IR spectroscopy and chemical analyses have shown that high torrefaction temperatures change the chemical properties of the Wheat Straw significantly, and the pelletizing analyses have shown that these changes correlate to changes in the pelletizing properties. Torrefaction increase the friction in the press channel and pellet strength and density decrease with an increase in torrefaction temperature.
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Changes of chemical and mechanical behavior of torrefied Wheat Straw
Biomass and Bioenergy, 2012Co-Authors: Lei Shang, Wolfgang Stelte, Anand R. Sanadi, Jens Kai Holm, Jesper Ahrenfeldt, Søren Barsberg, Tobias Pape Thomsen, Ulrik Birk HenriksenAbstract:Abstract The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of torrefaction on the grindability of Wheat Straw. Straw samples were torrefied at temperatures between 200 °C and 300 °C and with residence times between 0.5 and 3 h. Spectroscopic information obtained from ATR-FTIR indicated that below 200 °C there was no obvious structural change of the Wheat Straw. At 200–250 °C hemicelluloses started to decompose and were totally degraded when torrefied at 300 °C for 2 h, while cellulose and lignin began to decompose at about 270–300 °C. Tensile failure strength and strain energy of oven dried Wheat Straw and torrefied Wheat Straw showed a clear reduction with increasing torrefaction temperature. In addition, Hardgrove Grindability Index (HGI) of Wheat Straw torrefied at different conditions was determined on a standard Hardgrove grinder. Both results showed an improvement of grindability in the torrefaction temperature range 250–300 °C, which can be well explained by the findings from FTIR analysis. At a torrefaction temperature of 260 °C and with a residence time of 2 h, Wheat Straw samples produced similar HGI values as coal (RUKUZN) with 0% moisture content. Under this condition, the Anhydrous Weight Loss (AWL%) of the Wheat Straw sample was 30% on dry and ash free basis (daf), and the higher heating value of the torrefied Wheat Straw was 24.2 MJ kg−1 (daf). The energy loss compared to the original material was 15% (daf).
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Thermal transitions of the amorphous polymers in Wheat Straw
Industrial Crops and Products, 2011Co-Authors: Wolfgang Stelte, Craig M. Clemons, Jens Kai Holm, Jesper Ahrenfeldt, Ulrik Birk Henriksen, Anand R. SanadiAbstract:Abstract The thermal transitions of the amorphous polymers in Wheat Straw were investigated using dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). The study included both natural and solvent extracted Wheat Straw, in moist (8–9% water content) and dry conditions, and was compared to spruce samples. Under these conditions two transitions arising from the glass transition of lignin and hemicelluloses have been identified. Key transitions attributed to softening of lignin were found at 53, 63 and 91 °C for moist samples of Wheat Straw, extracted Straw and spruce, respectively. Transitions for hemicelluloses were determined at 2, −1 and 5 °C, respectively. Differences are likely due to different compositions of lignin and hemicelluloses from Straw and spruce and structural differences between the raw materials. The high wax content in Wheat Straw resulted in a transition at about 40 °C which was absent in solvent extracted Wheat Straw samples and spruce. This specific transition was further investigated and confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of extracted Wheat Straw wax. Information about the thermal transitions is of great importance for the utilization of Wheat Straw in pelletizing, briquetting and fiber board manufacturing.
Zhang Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Influence of xylanase treatment on surface properties of Wheat Straw.
Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 2009Co-Authors: Liu Yanping, Zhang Yang, Jiang Hua, Wu YufeiAbstract:The experiment of xylanase treatment on Wheat Straw was conducted.The optimum conditions of the treatment to improve the surface properties of Wheat Straw were that treatment temperature 45 ℃,treatment time 6 h,pH 5.0,enzyme usage 205.0 IU·g-1. The microstructure and surface functional group of treated Wheat Straw were investigated with electricity microscope and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR).The results indicated that the contact angle of outer surface of treated Wheat Straw decreased evidently;the outer surface of treated Wheat Straw was rough,the wax-layer of Wheat Straw was dissolved;cellulose and lignin were activated with —OH increasing.
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A Hot-reaction Analysis Among Plastics Mixed with Wheat Straw
Journal of Nanjing Forestry University, 2007Co-Authors: Zhang YangAbstract:The hot-reaction was tested and analyzed between Wheat Straw,EVA,PE and PVC by DSC.The result showed that two decalescence peak appears in the DSC curve from the composite of Wheat Straw-EVA.There is a difference of melting point between the composite of Wheat Straw-EVA and EVA.Moreover,the Tg of the composite of Wheat Straw-EVA was difficult to confirm in DSC curve,and the Tg of EVA was relative evidence in 33.4~50.5℃ according to the analysing of the vitrification temperature Tg.There is a difference of one between the composite of Wheat Straw-PE and PE.The former melting point is 131.5℃ and the latter is 132.9℃,if the apex of decalescence peak is the melting point.Besides the former decalescence content is 93.3% that of the latter.The vitrification temperature Tg of PVC is near 70℃.Moreover the vitrification temperature Tg of the composite of Wheat Straw-PVC is a difficult to ascertain.Furthermore there is bigger contrast of the melting point for two materials.One decalescence peaks appears in the DSC curve of PVC and the melting point is about 86.0℃.There are two decalescence peak of the composite of Wheat Straw-PVC,and its melting point is not clear.The reaction status can be known between Wheat Straw,EVA,PE and PVC by the hot-reaction analysis of melting point and vitrification temperature Tg.
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A Study on Hot-Reaction Characteristics and Technology for Wheat Straw-Plastic Composites
China Wood Industry, 2004Co-Authors: Zhang YangAbstract:For expanding a new way to use Wheat Straw, the authors conducted an orthogonal (experiment) in order to determine the feasibility of making Wheat Straw-plastic composites. In this (paper,) the hot-reaction characteristics of Wheat Straw, plastics (PE, PVC, EVA) and three kinds of Wheat Straw-plastic composites were examined by Differential Scanning Calorimetry method (DSC). DSC curves of the monomer and composite materials revealed the distinctions between them, which indicated that some chemical reactions had happened between the Wheat Straw and the plastic. The paper further analyzed the effects of experimental factors, such as the plastic types, size of Wheat Straw powder and the ratio of Wheat Straw to plastic, on the tensile strength of the composite. These results provided references for researching technology for Wheat Straw-plastic composites.
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Influence of Enzyme Preparation on Character of Wheat Straw
2003Co-Authors: Zhang YangAbstract:Through experiment it was researched that the influence of different kinds of enzyme preparation to character of Wheat Straw, which was acidity and alkalescence, cushion capacity, extract content of benzene and ethanol, the surface freeradial content of Wheat Straw. Besides, the particleboard was made with the raw material of Wheat Straw disposed by enzyme preparation, and its main property was tested. The research result showed that the enzyme can be separated from the cell and its action was not affected in certain condition, and the pHvalue of Wheat Straw was changed very small, but its cushion capacity was reduced more or less after it was disposed by enzyme preparation, and the surface freeradial content of Wheat Straw increases obviously after it was disposed by enzyme preparation of cellulose and hemicellulose. The extract content of Wheat Straw by benzene and ethanol decreases obviously after it was disposed by enzyme prearation of fattiness, and the longer the time of disposing was, the better the effect was. It can be also said indirectly that the surface wax of Wheat Straw can be reduced through it was disposed by enzyme preparation of fattiness. The better property of Wheat Straw particleboard bonded UF can be produced with the raw material of Wheat Straw disposed by ezyme preparation.
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A Study of Moist Character of Wheat Straw
China Wood Industry, 2001Co-Authors: Zhang YangAbstract:In this study, the surface contact angle among methane diisocyanate (MDI)、urea formaldehyde resin(UF) and different parts of Wheat Straw were tested,and the surface free energy of Wheat Straw was reckoned by testing the contact angle between liquid with different surface tensile and Wheat Straw. The result showed that the surface free energy of Wheat Straw was low and there was difference in the longitudinal and cross directions of the Wheat Straw.
Jiang Hua - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Influence of xylanase treatment on sorption isotherm of Wheat-Straw fiberboard
Journal of Nanjing Forestry University, 2011Co-Authors: Jiang HuaAbstract:The moisture sorption properties of Wheat-Straw fiberboard were examined as a function of humidity.The fiberboards were made from Wheat-Straw untreated and treated by xylanase.The moisture contents of these fiberboards were measured at different temperature and different relative humidities to obtain the sorption isotherm of Wheat-Straw fiberboard.The multi-step sorption isotherm was modeled with the GAB model.The results showed that the moisture content of adsorption and desorption of fiberboard from xylanase-treated Wheat-Straw was lower than that from untreated Wheat-Straw at the same identical temperature and relative humidity.The sorption property of Wheat-Straw fiberboard was influenced by temperatures and relative humidity.The experimental data could be well modeled with the GAB mathematical equation.
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Influence of xylanase treatment on surface properties of Wheat Straw.
Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 2009Co-Authors: Liu Yanping, Zhang Yang, Jiang Hua, Wu YufeiAbstract:The experiment of xylanase treatment on Wheat Straw was conducted.The optimum conditions of the treatment to improve the surface properties of Wheat Straw were that treatment temperature 45 ℃,treatment time 6 h,pH 5.0,enzyme usage 205.0 IU·g-1. The microstructure and surface functional group of treated Wheat Straw were investigated with electricity microscope and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR).The results indicated that the contact angle of outer surface of treated Wheat Straw decreased evidently;the outer surface of treated Wheat Straw was rough,the wax-layer of Wheat Straw was dissolved;cellulose and lignin were activated with —OH increasing.
Peiji Gao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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alkaline peroxide mechanical pulping of Wheat Straw with enzyme treatment
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2004Co-Authors: Jian Zhao, Peiji GaoAbstract:Alkaline peroxide mechanical pulping (APMP) of Wheat Straw with enzyme treatment was studied. Instead of direct enzyme pretreatment on Wheat Straw, an alternative treatment method was used, in which coarse pulps from refiner defibrated Wheat Straw rather than Wheat Straw were pretreated with a crude enzyme containing mainly xylanase, then impregnated with alkaline H2O2 solution and further refined. The optimum conditions of enzyme treatment were xylanase dosage of 10–15 IU/g of oven-dried Wheat Straw, 90 min, 50–60°C, pulp consistency of 5–10%, and initial pH of 5.0, and those for chemical impregnation were 6% NaOH, 70–80°C, 60–90 min, and 4 to 5% H2O2. Enzyme treatment improved pulpability of Wheat Straw by the APMP process, and final pulp quality such as brightness, breaking length, and burst index of pulp. Pulp from the APMP process with enzyme treatment could be bleached to a brightness of 70.5% ISO by two-stage H2O2 bleaching sequence with only 4% H2O2, and breaking length of the bleach pulp reached 4470 m.
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xylanase pretreatment leads to enhanced soda pulping of Wheat Straw
Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 2002Co-Authors: Jian Zhao, Peiji GaoAbstract:Wheat Straw was treated with a crude enzyme containing mainly xylanase prior to soda cooking. The enzyme was prepared from the culture filtration of Aspergillus niger strain An-76. The suitable conditions of pretreatment were xylanase dosage of 4 IU/g (on oven dry Wheat Straw), 48°C, 6–8 h, and pH 5.0, pretreated Wheat Straw was thorough washed after pretreatment. Xylanase pretreatment can improve pulpability of Wheat Straw effectively, and produce the pulps with lower kappa number (about 2 units lower), lower rejects and similar yields of screened-pulps under identical pulping conditions. The residual active alkali consistency of black liquor was increased by xylanase pretreatment. The brightness of bleached pulps from the xylanase pretreated Wheat Straw was about 3%ISO higher than that of the controls using identical bleaching sequence and conditions. The pulps, including unbleached pulps and bleached pulps, from the xylanase pretreated Wheat Straw had a higher tear index, a lower tensile index, and a lower burst index as compared to the control. The changes in the chemical components of Wheat Straw, crystallizability degree of cellulose, fiber average length and fines contents in the pulps were investigated in order to interpret differences of pulping results from the xylanase pretreated Wheat Straw and the controls.
