The Experts below are selected from a list of 2421 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Gary H. Kramer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
HML's Whole Body Counter: measuring highly radioactive persons.
Health Physics, 2009Co-Authors: Gary H. Kramer, Kevin Capello, Albert Chiang, Barry M. HauckAbstract:The National Internal Radiation Assessment Section's Human Monitoring Laboratory (HML) has the responsibility to measure persons who may become internally contaminated following an accidental or intentional release of radioactivity. In preparation for measuring individuals who may be highly internally contaminated, the HML has reconfigured and recalibrated its Whole Body Counter for this event. The calibration was performed using Monte Carlo simulations and validated by experimental measurements. An equation was developed that related the counting efficiency as a function of photon energy and phantom-to-detector distance. The equation could predict efficiencies to within 10% or better. Dead time problems, as a result of high internal activities, have been minimized by having a variety of counting positions. Six example nuclides have been used ( 57 Co, 60 Co, 88 Y, 133 Ba, 137 Cs, and 241 Am) to show what is achievable and what is not.
-
Effect of mass, at a fixed height, on the counting efficiency of a BOMAB phantom in three types of Whole Body Counter modeled by MCNP5.
Health Physics, 2008Co-Authors: Gary H. Kramer, Kevin Capello, Quoc PhanAbstract:Using demographic data, a series of BOMAB phantoms were developed to study the effect of size, at a fixed height, of a BOMAB phantom using Monte Carlo simulations in three different Whole Body counting systems: the HML's scanning detector Whole Body Counter, a FastScan Whole Body Counter, and a StandFast Whole Body Counter. The latter has had two counting geometries simulated--one for the recommended position, and another simulating a constant detector-to-front-of-phantom distance. The six phantom sizes corresponded to the following masses: 48 kg, 73 kg, 98 kg, 123 kg, 148 kg, and 173 kg. The effect of size varies with photon energy, as might be expected, and at any given energy is an exponential function of the mass. An equation has been found that fits most cases very well and is still good in poorer cases. Persons lighter in mass than the normal calibration phantom (73 kg) will have their Body burdens overestimated by as much as a factor of 1.3, depending on mass, photon energy, and counting geometry. Conversely, heavier individuals will have their Body burdens underestimated by as much as a factor of 1.9, depending on mass, photon energy, and counting geometry.
-
Comparison of the St. Petersburg phantom with a BOMAB phantom in the ORTEC StandFast Whole Body Counter: a Monte Carlo simulation.
Health Physics, 2008Co-Authors: Gary H. Kramer, Kevin Capello, Jeremy SungAbstract:Three sizes of the St. Petersburg phantom have been compared to six sizes of BOMAB phantoms measured by a virtual StandFast Whole Body Counter using Monte Carlo simulations to investigate if the counting efficiencies are equivalent. This work shows that previously published data comparing the Reference Man sized phantom at 662 keV is supported; however, the simulations also show that the smaller sized St. Petersburg phantoms do not agree well with BOMAB phantoms. It is concluded that, compared with BOMAB phantoms, the St. Petersburg phantoms are system dependent and that they should be validated over a wide photon energy range against corresponding BOMAB phantoms prior to their use for calibrating Whole Body Counters.
-
Monte Carlo comparison of the St Petersburg phantom with a BOMAB phantom in the HML's Whole-Body Counter.
Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 2007Co-Authors: Gary H. Kramer, Kevin Capello, Jeremy SungAbstract:Three sizes of the St Petersburg phantom have been compared to six sizes of BOMAB phantoms measured by a virtual Whole-Body Counter similar to the one in use in the Human Monitoring Laboratory using Monte Carlo simulations. The previously published data comparing the St Petersburg Reference Man sized phantom with a similar sized Bottle Manikin Absorber Phantoms (BOMAB) phantom at 662 keV is supported; however, the simulations also show that the smaller sized St Petersburg phantoms do not agree well with smaller BOMAB phantoms. It is concluded that the St Petersburg phantoms are system dependent meaning that all sizes of the St Petersburg phantoms should be experimentally compared over a wide photon energy range against corresponding BOMAB phantoms to validate their use for calibrating Whole-Body Counters.
-
the standfast Whole Body Counter efficiency as a function of bomab phantom size and energy modeled by mcnp5
Health Physics, 2007Co-Authors: Gary H. Kramer, Kevin CapelloAbstract:The StandFast Whole Body Counter has been modeled using Monte Carlo simulations to examine the effect of phantom size, photon energy, and position of the phantom within the counting enclosure on the counting efficiency. The first geometry, the manufacturer's recommended positioning, was found to have the higher counting efficiencies and the most dependence on phantom size. The second position, where the phantom is at the back of the counting enclosure, had lower counting efficiencies, and hence higher minimum detectable activities, by a factor of between 1.3 to 2.1 when compared with the first geometry; however, for emergency response where accuracy is to be preferred over sensitivity, this geometry would be the better choice. A unified calibration equation was also developed for the StandFast so that it is possible to predict the counting efficiency as a function of photon energy and size to within 11%.
Yu Sakuma - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Whole Body Counter surveys of miharu town school children for four consecutive years after the fukushima npp accident
arXiv: Medical Physics, 2015Co-Authors: R. S. Hayano, Masaharu Tsubokura, Makoto Miyazaki, Hideo Satou, Katsumi Sato, Shin Masaki, Yu SakumaAbstract:Comprehensive Whole-Body Counter surveys of Miharu town school children have been conducted for four consecutive years, in 2011-2014. This represents the only long-term sampling-bias-free study of its type conducted after the Fukushima Dai-ichi accident. For the first time in 2014, a new device called the Babyscan, which has a low $^{134/137}$Cs MDA of $< 50$ Bq/Body, was used to screen the children shorter than 130 cm. No child in this group was found to have detectable level of radiocesium. Using the MDAs, upper limits of daily intake of radiocesium were estimated for each child. For those screened with the Babyscan, the upper intake limits were found to be <1 Bq/day for $^{137}$Cs. Analysis of a questionnaire filled out by the children's parents regarding their food and water consumption shows that the majority of Miharu children regularly consume local and/or home-grown rice and vegetables. This however does not increase the Body burden.
-
comprehensive Whole Body Counter surveys of miharu town school children for three consecutive years after the fukushima npp accident
Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B Physical and biological sciences, 2014Co-Authors: R. S. Hayano, Masaharu Tsubokura, Makoto Miyazaki, Hideo Satou, Katsumi Sato, Shin Masaki, Yu SakumaAbstract:Comprehensive Whole-Body Counter surveys covering over 93% of the school children between the ages of 6 and 15 in Miharu town, Fukushima Prefecture, have been conducted for three consecutive years, in 2011, 2012 and 2013. Although the results of a questionnaire indicate that approximately 60% of the children have been regularly eating local or home-grown rice, in 2012 and 2013 no child was found to exceed the (137)Cs detection limit of 300 Bq/Body.
Masaharu Tsubokura - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Whole Body Counter surveys of miharu town school children for four consecutive years after the fukushima npp accident
arXiv: Medical Physics, 2015Co-Authors: R. S. Hayano, Masaharu Tsubokura, Makoto Miyazaki, Hideo Satou, Katsumi Sato, Shin Masaki, Yu SakumaAbstract:Comprehensive Whole-Body Counter surveys of Miharu town school children have been conducted for four consecutive years, in 2011-2014. This represents the only long-term sampling-bias-free study of its type conducted after the Fukushima Dai-ichi accident. For the first time in 2014, a new device called the Babyscan, which has a low $^{134/137}$Cs MDA of $< 50$ Bq/Body, was used to screen the children shorter than 130 cm. No child in this group was found to have detectable level of radiocesium. Using the MDAs, upper limits of daily intake of radiocesium were estimated for each child. For those screened with the Babyscan, the upper intake limits were found to be <1 Bq/day for $^{137}$Cs. Analysis of a questionnaire filled out by the children's parents regarding their food and water consumption shows that the majority of Miharu children regularly consume local and/or home-grown rice and vegetables. This however does not increase the Body burden.
-
comprehensive Whole Body Counter surveys of miharu town school children for three consecutive years after the fukushima npp accident
Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B Physical and biological sciences, 2014Co-Authors: R. S. Hayano, Masaharu Tsubokura, Makoto Miyazaki, Hideo Satou, Katsumi Sato, Shin Masaki, Yu SakumaAbstract:Comprehensive Whole-Body Counter surveys covering over 93% of the school children between the ages of 6 and 15 in Miharu town, Fukushima Prefecture, have been conducted for three consecutive years, in 2011, 2012 and 2013. Although the results of a questionnaire indicate that approximately 60% of the children have been regularly eating local or home-grown rice, in 2012 and 2013 no child was found to exceed the (137)Cs detection limit of 300 Bq/Body.
-
detection of 131i in a patient with thyroid cancer by internal radiation exposure screening using a Whole Body Counter in fukushima
Clinical Nuclear Medicine, 2014Co-Authors: Masaharu Tsubokura, Shuhei Nomura, Takeaki Ishii, Masahiro Kami, Shigeaki KatoAbstract:We have been performing a systematic screening using a Whole-Body Counter of internal radiation exposure in the affected areas by the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear incident. This case suggests 2 important points regarding the thyroid internal exposure screening immediately after a nuclear disaster. First, clinicians should recognize the possibility of overestimation of 131I exposure during the initial checkups of thyroid internal exposure if a detailed history of treatment by radioisotopes is not obtained. Second, in vivo measurements should be taken immediately after the disaster because all of the radioactive iodine generated after the disaster disappears within a few months.
-
Detection of 131I in a Patient With Thyroid Cancer by Internal Radiation Exposure Screening Using a Whole-Body Counter in Fukushima
Clinical Nuclear Medicine, 2014Co-Authors: Masaharu Tsubokura, Shuhei Nomura, Takeaki Ishii, Masahiro Kami, Shigeaki KatoAbstract:AbstractsWe have been performing a systematic screening using a Whole-Body Counter of internal radiation exposure in the affected areas by the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear incident. This case suggests 2 important points regarding the thyroid internal exposure screening immediately after a nuclear disas
Kevin Capello - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
HML's Whole Body Counter: measuring highly radioactive persons.
Health Physics, 2009Co-Authors: Gary H. Kramer, Kevin Capello, Albert Chiang, Barry M. HauckAbstract:The National Internal Radiation Assessment Section's Human Monitoring Laboratory (HML) has the responsibility to measure persons who may become internally contaminated following an accidental or intentional release of radioactivity. In preparation for measuring individuals who may be highly internally contaminated, the HML has reconfigured and recalibrated its Whole Body Counter for this event. The calibration was performed using Monte Carlo simulations and validated by experimental measurements. An equation was developed that related the counting efficiency as a function of photon energy and phantom-to-detector distance. The equation could predict efficiencies to within 10% or better. Dead time problems, as a result of high internal activities, have been minimized by having a variety of counting positions. Six example nuclides have been used ( 57 Co, 60 Co, 88 Y, 133 Ba, 137 Cs, and 241 Am) to show what is achievable and what is not.
-
Effect of mass, at a fixed height, on the counting efficiency of a BOMAB phantom in three types of Whole Body Counter modeled by MCNP5.
Health Physics, 2008Co-Authors: Gary H. Kramer, Kevin Capello, Quoc PhanAbstract:Using demographic data, a series of BOMAB phantoms were developed to study the effect of size, at a fixed height, of a BOMAB phantom using Monte Carlo simulations in three different Whole Body counting systems: the HML's scanning detector Whole Body Counter, a FastScan Whole Body Counter, and a StandFast Whole Body Counter. The latter has had two counting geometries simulated--one for the recommended position, and another simulating a constant detector-to-front-of-phantom distance. The six phantom sizes corresponded to the following masses: 48 kg, 73 kg, 98 kg, 123 kg, 148 kg, and 173 kg. The effect of size varies with photon energy, as might be expected, and at any given energy is an exponential function of the mass. An equation has been found that fits most cases very well and is still good in poorer cases. Persons lighter in mass than the normal calibration phantom (73 kg) will have their Body burdens overestimated by as much as a factor of 1.3, depending on mass, photon energy, and counting geometry. Conversely, heavier individuals will have their Body burdens underestimated by as much as a factor of 1.9, depending on mass, photon energy, and counting geometry.
-
Comparison of the St. Petersburg phantom with a BOMAB phantom in the ORTEC StandFast Whole Body Counter: a Monte Carlo simulation.
Health Physics, 2008Co-Authors: Gary H. Kramer, Kevin Capello, Jeremy SungAbstract:Three sizes of the St. Petersburg phantom have been compared to six sizes of BOMAB phantoms measured by a virtual StandFast Whole Body Counter using Monte Carlo simulations to investigate if the counting efficiencies are equivalent. This work shows that previously published data comparing the Reference Man sized phantom at 662 keV is supported; however, the simulations also show that the smaller sized St. Petersburg phantoms do not agree well with BOMAB phantoms. It is concluded that, compared with BOMAB phantoms, the St. Petersburg phantoms are system dependent and that they should be validated over a wide photon energy range against corresponding BOMAB phantoms prior to their use for calibrating Whole Body Counters.
-
Monte Carlo comparison of the St Petersburg phantom with a BOMAB phantom in the HML's Whole-Body Counter.
Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 2007Co-Authors: Gary H. Kramer, Kevin Capello, Jeremy SungAbstract:Three sizes of the St Petersburg phantom have been compared to six sizes of BOMAB phantoms measured by a virtual Whole-Body Counter similar to the one in use in the Human Monitoring Laboratory using Monte Carlo simulations. The previously published data comparing the St Petersburg Reference Man sized phantom with a similar sized Bottle Manikin Absorber Phantoms (BOMAB) phantom at 662 keV is supported; however, the simulations also show that the smaller sized St Petersburg phantoms do not agree well with smaller BOMAB phantoms. It is concluded that the St Petersburg phantoms are system dependent meaning that all sizes of the St Petersburg phantoms should be experimentally compared over a wide photon energy range against corresponding BOMAB phantoms to validate their use for calibrating Whole-Body Counters.
-
the standfast Whole Body Counter efficiency as a function of bomab phantom size and energy modeled by mcnp5
Health Physics, 2007Co-Authors: Gary H. Kramer, Kevin CapelloAbstract:The StandFast Whole Body Counter has been modeled using Monte Carlo simulations to examine the effect of phantom size, photon energy, and position of the phantom within the counting enclosure on the counting efficiency. The first geometry, the manufacturer's recommended positioning, was found to have the higher counting efficiencies and the most dependence on phantom size. The second position, where the phantom is at the back of the counting enclosure, had lower counting efficiencies, and hence higher minimum detectable activities, by a factor of between 1.3 to 2.1 when compared with the first geometry; however, for emergency response where accuracy is to be preferred over sensitivity, this geometry would be the better choice. A unified calibration equation was also developed for the StandFast so that it is possible to predict the counting efficiency as a function of photon energy and size to within 11%.
R. S. Hayano - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Whole Body Counter surveys of miharu town school children for four consecutive years after the fukushima npp accident
arXiv: Medical Physics, 2015Co-Authors: R. S. Hayano, Masaharu Tsubokura, Makoto Miyazaki, Hideo Satou, Katsumi Sato, Shin Masaki, Yu SakumaAbstract:Comprehensive Whole-Body Counter surveys of Miharu town school children have been conducted for four consecutive years, in 2011-2014. This represents the only long-term sampling-bias-free study of its type conducted after the Fukushima Dai-ichi accident. For the first time in 2014, a new device called the Babyscan, which has a low $^{134/137}$Cs MDA of $< 50$ Bq/Body, was used to screen the children shorter than 130 cm. No child in this group was found to have detectable level of radiocesium. Using the MDAs, upper limits of daily intake of radiocesium were estimated for each child. For those screened with the Babyscan, the upper intake limits were found to be <1 Bq/day for $^{137}$Cs. Analysis of a questionnaire filled out by the children's parents regarding their food and water consumption shows that the majority of Miharu children regularly consume local and/or home-grown rice and vegetables. This however does not increase the Body burden.
-
BABYSCAN: a Whole Body Counter for small children in Fukushima
Journal of Radiological Protection, 2014Co-Authors: R. S. Hayano, Shunji Yamanaka, Frazier L Bronson, Babatunde Oginni, Isamu MuramatsuAbstract:BABYSCAN, a Whole Body Counter for small children with a detection limit for 137Cs of better than 50 Bq/Body, was developed, and the first unit has been installed at a hospital in Fukushima, to help families with small children who are very much concerned about internal exposures. The design principles, implementation details and the initial operating experience are described.
-
comprehensive Whole Body Counter surveys of miharu town school children for three consecutive years after the fukushima npp accident
Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B Physical and biological sciences, 2014Co-Authors: R. S. Hayano, Masaharu Tsubokura, Makoto Miyazaki, Hideo Satou, Katsumi Sato, Shin Masaki, Yu SakumaAbstract:Comprehensive Whole-Body Counter surveys covering over 93% of the school children between the ages of 6 and 15 in Miharu town, Fukushima Prefecture, have been conducted for three consecutive years, in 2011, 2012 and 2013. Although the results of a questionnaire indicate that approximately 60% of the children have been regularly eating local or home-grown rice, in 2012 and 2013 no child was found to exceed the (137)Cs detection limit of 300 Bq/Body.
