Wild Boars

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Pikka Jokelainen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • trichinella spp in Wild Boars sus scrofa brown bears ursus arctos eurasian lynxes lynx lynx and badgers meles meles in estonia 2007 2014
    Animal, 2021
    Co-Authors: Age Karssin, Pikka Jokelainen, Liidia Hakkinen, Annika Vilem, Brian Lassen
    Abstract:

    In this study, we summarize Trichinella findings from four Wild, free-ranging host species from Estonia during 2007–2014. Trichinella spp. larvae were detected in 281 (0.9%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.8–1.0) of 30,566 Wild Boars (Sus scrofa), 63 (14.7%, 95% CI 11.6–18.3) of 429 brown bears (Ursus arctos), 59 (65.56%, 95% CI 55.3–74.8) of 90 Eurasian lynxes (Lynx lynx), and three (60.0%, 95% CI 18.2–92.7) of five badgers (Meles meles). All four European Trichinella species were detected: T. britovi in 0.7% of the Wild Boars, 7.2% of the brown bears, 45.6% of the lynxes, and 40.0% of the badgers; T. nativa in 0.1% of the Wild Boars, 5.8% of the brown bears, and 20.0% of the lynxes; T. pseudospiralis in 0.02% the Wild Boars; and T. spiralis in 0.03% of the Wild Boars and 4.4% of the lynxes. The results include the first description from Estonia of T. britovi in brown bear and badgers, T. pseudospiralis in Wild Boars, and T. spiralis in Wild Boars and lynxes. The results indicate high infection pressure in the sylvatic cycles across the years—illustrating continuous risk of spillover to domestic cycles and of transmission to humans.

  • Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in extensively farmed Wild Boars (Sus scrofa) in Denmark
    Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 2019
    Co-Authors: Celine Kaae Laforet, Gunita Deksne, Pikka Jokelainen, Maria Vang Johansen, Heidi Huus Petersen, Brian Lassen
    Abstract:

    Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic parasite of worldwide importance. In this study, we estimated T. gondii seroprevalence in extensively farmed Wild Boars in Denmark, where little is known about T. gondii in animal hosts. Our study focused on Wild Boars because they are considered good indicator species for the presence of T. gondii , and Wild boar meat is used for human consumption. Serum samples from 101 Wild Boars collected in 2016–2018 from five different locations from the continental part of Denmark, Jutland, were screened for anti- T. gondii antibodies. The samples were analysed using a commercial indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Samples from 28 (27.7%) of the 101 Wild Boars tested positive with the ELISA. The odds for a Wild boar to test seropositive were higher if it was sampled during the hunting season 2017–2018 than during 2016–2017 and if it was reported to be at least 1 year old than if it was younger (logistic regression model with the two variables: odds ratios 17.5 and 3.9, respectively). A substantial proportion of the investigated extensively farmed Wild Boars had been exposed to T. gondii . Moreover, the parasite appeared widespread, at least in the continental part of Denmark, Jutland, as seropositive Wild Boars were found from all five sampled locations. Assuming seropositivity indicates hosting viable parasites, consumption of undercooked Wild boar meat from Denmark is a potential source of T. gondii infections to other hosts, including humans.

  • Hepatitis E Virus in Domestic Pigs, Wild Boars, Pig Farm Workers, and Hunters in Estonia
    Food and Environmental Virology, 2015
    Co-Authors: Anna Ivanova, Kaisa Velstrom, Valentina Tefanova, Irina Reshetnjak, Tatiana Kuznetsova, Julia Geller, Åke Lundkvist, Marilin Janson, Kädi Neare, Pikka Jokelainen
    Abstract:

    While hepatitis E is a growing health concern in Europe, epidemiological data on hepatitis E virus (HEV) in Estonia are scarce. Along with imported HEV infections, autochthonous cases are reported from European countries. Both domestic and Wild animals can be a source of human cases of this zoonosis. Here, we investigated the presence of anti-HEV antibodies and HEV RNA in domestic pigs and Wild Boars, as well as in pig farm workers and hunters in Estonia. Anti-HEV antibodies were detected in 234/380 (61.6 %) of sera from domestic pigs and in all investigated herds, and in 81/471 (17.2 %) of meat juice samples from Wild Boars. HEV RNA was detected by real-time PCR in 103/449 (22.9 %) of fecal samples from younger domestic pigs and 13/81 (16.0 %) of anti-HEV-positive Wild boar samples. Analysis of sera from 67 pig farm workers and 144 hunters revealed the presence of HEV-specific IgG in 13.4 and 4.2 % of the samples, respectively. No HEV RNA was detected in the human serum samples. Phylogenetic analyses of HEV sequences from domestic pigs and Wild Boars, based on a 245 bp fragment from the open reading frame 2 showed that all of them belonged to genotype 3. The present study demonstrates the presence of HEV in Estonian domestic pig and Wild boar populations, as well as in humans who have direct regular contact with these animals. Our results suggest that HEV infections are present in Estonia and require attention.

  • seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii in free ranging Wild Boars hunted for human consumption in estonia
    Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 2015
    Co-Authors: Pikka Jokelainen, Kaisa Velstrom, Brian Lassen
    Abstract:

    Background Although the prevalence of human Toxoplasma gondii infections is high in Estonia, no information is available on the prevalence of infections in the local animal populations. Wild Boars are a good indicator species for estimating the prevalence and spread of T. gondii and were thus investigated in this nationwide cross-sectional study. Volunteer hunters sampled cardiac or skeletal muscle of 471 Wild Boars legally hunted for human consumption in Estonia during the hunting season of 2012–2013. Serosanguineous meat juice samples were obtained from thawed tissue samples, diluted 1:40, and screened for specific anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies with a commercial direct agglutination test.

Claudia Gabriel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • High virulence of African swine fever virus caucasus isolate in European Wild Boars of all ages.
    Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2012
    Co-Authors: Sandra Blome, Claudia Gabriel, Klaas Dietze, Angele Breithaupt
    Abstract:

    To the Editor: African swine fever (ASF) is a serious disease that is currently affecting domestic pigs and Wild Boars in the Russian Federation. The disease is caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV; family Asfarviridae), and its continuing spread imposes a growing risk for introduction to disease-free areas with a high density of pigs and/or Wild Boars. We recently reported on the experimental characterization of ASFV Caucasus isolates in European Wild boar piglets and juveniles (1), age classes that were deemed to be the most susceptible to ASFV. The extreme virulence of the virus strain led to an almost peracute disease and 100% mortality. On the basis of these data, a scenario of endemicity driven by chronically diseased animals or ASFV carriers seems unlikely. Nevertheless, ASF continues to occur in Wild Boars.

  • Characterization of African swine fever virus Caucasus isolate in European Wild Boars.
    Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2011
    Co-Authors: Claudia Gabriel, Sandra Blome, Alexander Malogolovkin, Stanislav Parilov, D.v. Kolbasov, Jens Peter Teifke, Martin Beer
    Abstract:

    Since 2007, African swine fever has spread from the Caucasus region. To learn more about the dynamics of the disease in Wild Boars (Sus scrofa), we conducted experiments by using European Wild Boars. We found high virulence of Caucasus isolates limited potential for establishment of endemicity.

Sandra Blome - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • High virulence of African swine fever virus caucasus isolate in European Wild Boars of all ages.
    Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2012
    Co-Authors: Sandra Blome, Claudia Gabriel, Klaas Dietze, Angele Breithaupt
    Abstract:

    To the Editor: African swine fever (ASF) is a serious disease that is currently affecting domestic pigs and Wild Boars in the Russian Federation. The disease is caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV; family Asfarviridae), and its continuing spread imposes a growing risk for introduction to disease-free areas with a high density of pigs and/or Wild Boars. We recently reported on the experimental characterization of ASFV Caucasus isolates in European Wild boar piglets and juveniles (1), age classes that were deemed to be the most susceptible to ASFV. The extreme virulence of the virus strain led to an almost peracute disease and 100% mortality. On the basis of these data, a scenario of endemicity driven by chronically diseased animals or ASFV carriers seems unlikely. Nevertheless, ASF continues to occur in Wild Boars.

  • Characterization of African swine fever virus Caucasus isolate in European Wild Boars.
    Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2011
    Co-Authors: Claudia Gabriel, Sandra Blome, Alexander Malogolovkin, Stanislav Parilov, D.v. Kolbasov, Jens Peter Teifke, Martin Beer
    Abstract:

    Since 2007, African swine fever has spread from the Caucasus region. To learn more about the dynamics of the disease in Wild Boars (Sus scrofa), we conducted experiments by using European Wild Boars. We found high virulence of Caucasus isolates limited potential for establishment of endemicity.

Brian Lassen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • trichinella spp in Wild Boars sus scrofa brown bears ursus arctos eurasian lynxes lynx lynx and badgers meles meles in estonia 2007 2014
    Animal, 2021
    Co-Authors: Age Karssin, Pikka Jokelainen, Liidia Hakkinen, Annika Vilem, Brian Lassen
    Abstract:

    In this study, we summarize Trichinella findings from four Wild, free-ranging host species from Estonia during 2007–2014. Trichinella spp. larvae were detected in 281 (0.9%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.8–1.0) of 30,566 Wild Boars (Sus scrofa), 63 (14.7%, 95% CI 11.6–18.3) of 429 brown bears (Ursus arctos), 59 (65.56%, 95% CI 55.3–74.8) of 90 Eurasian lynxes (Lynx lynx), and three (60.0%, 95% CI 18.2–92.7) of five badgers (Meles meles). All four European Trichinella species were detected: T. britovi in 0.7% of the Wild Boars, 7.2% of the brown bears, 45.6% of the lynxes, and 40.0% of the badgers; T. nativa in 0.1% of the Wild Boars, 5.8% of the brown bears, and 20.0% of the lynxes; T. pseudospiralis in 0.02% the Wild Boars; and T. spiralis in 0.03% of the Wild Boars and 4.4% of the lynxes. The results include the first description from Estonia of T. britovi in brown bear and badgers, T. pseudospiralis in Wild Boars, and T. spiralis in Wild Boars and lynxes. The results indicate high infection pressure in the sylvatic cycles across the years—illustrating continuous risk of spillover to domestic cycles and of transmission to humans.

  • Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in extensively farmed Wild Boars (Sus scrofa) in Denmark
    Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 2019
    Co-Authors: Celine Kaae Laforet, Gunita Deksne, Pikka Jokelainen, Maria Vang Johansen, Heidi Huus Petersen, Brian Lassen
    Abstract:

    Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic parasite of worldwide importance. In this study, we estimated T. gondii seroprevalence in extensively farmed Wild Boars in Denmark, where little is known about T. gondii in animal hosts. Our study focused on Wild Boars because they are considered good indicator species for the presence of T. gondii , and Wild boar meat is used for human consumption. Serum samples from 101 Wild Boars collected in 2016–2018 from five different locations from the continental part of Denmark, Jutland, were screened for anti- T. gondii antibodies. The samples were analysed using a commercial indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Samples from 28 (27.7%) of the 101 Wild Boars tested positive with the ELISA. The odds for a Wild boar to test seropositive were higher if it was sampled during the hunting season 2017–2018 than during 2016–2017 and if it was reported to be at least 1 year old than if it was younger (logistic regression model with the two variables: odds ratios 17.5 and 3.9, respectively). A substantial proportion of the investigated extensively farmed Wild Boars had been exposed to T. gondii . Moreover, the parasite appeared widespread, at least in the continental part of Denmark, Jutland, as seropositive Wild Boars were found from all five sampled locations. Assuming seropositivity indicates hosting viable parasites, consumption of undercooked Wild boar meat from Denmark is a potential source of T. gondii infections to other hosts, including humans.

  • seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii in free ranging Wild Boars hunted for human consumption in estonia
    Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 2015
    Co-Authors: Pikka Jokelainen, Kaisa Velstrom, Brian Lassen
    Abstract:

    Background Although the prevalence of human Toxoplasma gondii infections is high in Estonia, no information is available on the prevalence of infections in the local animal populations. Wild Boars are a good indicator species for estimating the prevalence and spread of T. gondii and were thus investigated in this nationwide cross-sectional study. Volunteer hunters sampled cardiac or skeletal muscle of 471 Wild Boars legally hunted for human consumption in Estonia during the hunting season of 2012–2013. Serosanguineous meat juice samples were obtained from thawed tissue samples, diluted 1:40, and screened for specific anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies with a commercial direct agglutination test.

Martin Beer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.