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Jaime Prohens - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Wild Relatives of the eggplant solanum melongena l solanaceae new understanding of species names in a complex group
PLOS ONE, 2013Co-Authors: Sandra Knapp, Maria S Vorontsova, Jaime ProhensAbstract:Background The common or brinjal eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) belongs to the Leptostemonum Clade (the “spiny” solanums) of the species-rich genus Solanum (Solanaceae). Unlike most of the genus, the eggplant and its Relatives are from the Old World; most eggplant Wild Relatives are from Africa. An informal system for naming eggplant Wild Relatives largely based on crossing and other biosystematics data has been in use for approximately a decade. This system recognises several forms of two broadly conceived species, S. incanum L. and S. melongena. Recent morphological and molecular work has shown that species-level differences exist between these entities, and a new species-level nomenclature has been identified as necessary for plant breeders and for the maintenance of accurately named germplasm.
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Wild Relatives of the eggplant solanum melongena l solanaceae new understanding of species names in a complex group
PLOS ONE, 2013Co-Authors: Sandra Knapp, Maria S Vorontsova, Jaime ProhensAbstract:Background The common or brinjal eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) belongs to the Leptostemonum Clade (the “spiny” solanums) of the species-rich genus Solanum (Solanaceae). Unlike most of the genus, the eggplant and its Relatives are from the Old World; most eggplant Wild Relatives are from Africa. An informal system for naming eggplant Wild Relatives largely based on crossing and other biosystematics data has been in use for approximately a decade. This system recognises several forms of two broadly conceived species, S. incanum L. and S. melongena. Recent morphological and molecular work has shown that species-level differences exist between these entities, and a new species-level nomenclature has been identified as necessary for plant breeders and for the maintenance of accurately named germplasm. Methodology/Principal Findings We examined herbarium specimens from throughout the Wild species ranges as part of a larger revision of the spiny solanums of Africa. Based on these morphological and molecular studies, we delimited species in the group to which the common eggplant belongs and constructed identification keys for the group. We also examined the monophyly of the group considered as the eggplant Relatives by previous authors. Conclusions/Significance We recognise ten species in this group: S. aureitomentosum Bitter, S. campylacanthum A.Rich., S. cerasiferum Dunal, S. incanum L., S. insanum L., S. lichtensteinii Willd., S. linnaeanum Hepper & P.-M.L.Jaeger, S. melongena L., S. rigidum Lam. and S. umtuma Voronts. & S.Knapp. We review the history of naming and provide keys and character lists for all species. Ploidy level differences have not been investigated in the eggplant Wild Relatives; we identify this as a priority for improvement of crop Wild relative use in breeding. The application of species-level names to these entities will help focus new collecting efforts for brinjal eggplant improvement and help facilitate information exchange.
Baorong Lu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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gene flow from genetically modified rice to its Wild Relatives assessing potential ecological consequences
Biotechnology Advances, 2008Co-Authors: Baorong Lu, Chao YangAbstract:Pollen-mediated gene flow is the major pathway for transgene escape from GM rice to its Wild Relatives. Transgene escape to Wild Oryza species having AA-genome will occur if GM rice is released to environments with these Wild Oryza species. Transgenes may persist to and spread in Wild populations after gene flow, resulting unwanted ecological consequences. For assessing the potential consequences caused by transgene escape, it is important to understand the actual gene flow frequencies from GM rice to Wild Relatives, transgene expression and inheritance in the Wild Relatives, as well as fitness changes that brought to Wild Relatives by the transgenes. This article reviews studies on transgene escape from rice to its Wild Relatives via gene flow and its ecological consequences. A framework for assessing potential ecological consequences caused by transgene escape from GM rice to its Wild Relatives is discussed based on studies of gene flow and fitness changes.
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gene flow from cultivated rice oryza sativa to its weedy and Wild Relatives
Annals of Botany, 2004Co-Authors: Lijuan Chen, Dong Sun Lee, Zhiping Song, Hak Soo Suh, Baorong LuAbstract:d Background and Aims Transgene escape through gene flow from genetically modified (GM) crops to their Wild relative species may potentially cause environmental biosafety problems. The aim of this study was to assess the extent of gene flow between cultivated rice and two of its close Relatives under field conditions. d Methods Experiments were conducted at two sites in Korea and China to determine gene flow from cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) to weedy rice (O. sativa f. spontanea) and common Wild rice (O. rufipogon Griff.), respectively, under special field conditions mimicking the natural occurrence of the Wild Relatives in Asia. Herbicide resistance (bar) and SSR molecular finger printing were used as markers to accurately determine gene flow frequencies from cultivated rice varieties to their Wild Relatives. d Key Results Gene flow frequency from cultivated rice was detected as between approx. 0·011 and 0·046 % to weedy rice and between approx. 1·21 and 2·19 % to Wild rice under the field conditions. d Conclusions Gene flow occurs with a noticeable frequency from cultivated rice to its weedy and Wild Relatives, and this might cause potential ecological consequences. It is recommended that isolation zones should be established with sufficient distances between GM rice varieties and Wild rice populations to avoid potential outcrosses. Also, GM rice should not be released when it has inserted genes that can significantly enhance the ecological fitness of weedy rice in regions where weedy rice is already abundant and causing great problems. a 2004 Annals of Botany Company
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genetic differentiation of Wild Relatives of rice as assessed by rflp analysis
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2002Co-Authors: Baorong Lu, K L Zheng, H R Qian, Jieyun ZhuangAbstract:To study genetic diversity and relationships of Wild Relatives of rice, 58 accessions of Oryza rufipogon, Oryza nivara, Oryza sativa f. spontanea and the cultivated Oryza sativa, representing a wide range of their distribution, were analyzed using the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) technique. All 30-used RFLP probes detected polymorphisms among the Oryza accessions, with an average of 3.8 polymorphic fragments per probe. Considerable genetic diversity was scored among the Oryza accessions with a similarity coefficient ranging from 0.28 to 0.93; but the cluster analysis of the accessions did not show an apparent grouping based on the species classification, instead they were scattered randomly in different groups. Noticeably, the Oryza accessions from the same geographic region, or near-by geographic regions, tended to be clustered in the same groups. The indica rice varieties showed relatively high genetic diversity and were scattered in different groups of their Wild Relatives, but the japonica varieties showed a relatively low variation and formed an independent group. It is concluded from the molecular analytical result that: (1) the four Oryza taxa have a remarkably close relationship and their independent species status need to be carefully reviewed; (2) geographic isolation has played a significant role in the differentiation of the Oryza accessions; therefore, a wide geographic range needs to be covered in collecting Wild rice germplasm for ex situ conservation; and (3) the conventional conclusion of indica rice being directly domesticated from its ancestral Wild species, and japonica rice being derived from indica, gains support from our data.
Rod A Wing - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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potential of platinum standard reference genomes to exploit natural variation in the Wild Relatives of rice
Frontiers in Plant Science, 2020Co-Authors: Saule Mussurova, Rod A Wing, Noor Albader, Andrea ZuccoloAbstract:As the world's population expands from 7.6 billion to 10 billion over the next 30 years, scientists and farmers across the globe must explore every angle necessary to provide a safe, stable and sustainable food supply for generations to come. Rice, and its Wild Relatives in the genus Oryza, will play a significant role in helping to solve this 10 billion people question due to its place as a staple food for billions. The genus Oryza is composed of 27 species that span 15 million years of evolutionary diversification and have been shown to contain a plethora of untapped adaptive traits, e.g., biotic and abiotic resistances, which can be used to improve cultivated rice. Such traits can be introduced into cultivated rice, in some cases by conventional crossing, and others via genetic transformation and gene editing methods. In cases where traits are too complex to easily transfer to cultivated rice [e.g., quantitative trait loci (QTL)], an alternative strategy is to domesticate the Wild relative that already contains the desired adaptive traits - i.e., "neodomestication". To utilize the Oryza genus for crop improvement and neodomestication, we first need a set of genomic resources that can be used to efficiently identify, capture, and guide molecular crop improvement. Here, we introduce the concept of platinum standard reference genome sequences (PSRefSeq) - a new standard by which contiguous near-gap free reference genomes can now be produced. By having a set of PSRefSeqs for every Oryza species we set a new bar for how crop Wild Relatives can be integrated into crop improvement programs.
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mass genome sequencing of crops and Wild Relatives to accelerate crop breeding the digital rice genebank
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2020Co-Authors: Kenneth L Mcnally, Ramil Mauleon, Dmytro Chebotarov, S P Klassen, Ajay Kohli, Hei Leung, Ruaraidh Sackville Hamilton, Rod A WingAbstract:The advent of next generation sequencing, and more recently third generation sequencing, has enabled researchers to begin interrogating the genomic information of thousands of accessions of conserved genetic resources as well as cultivated varieties. Here, we describe recent results from the 3,000 Rice Genomes Project (3K RGP) and summarize a few of the projects for other crop species. The 3K RGP has served as the catalyst to create a digital rice genebank with the intent to sequence many more of the conserved accessions held in the International Rice Genebank Collection in the coming years. We are progressing with generating high quality reference builds for the 15 subpopulations defined by the 3K RG analyses. These along with reference builds of the Wild Relatives will allow access to the unique genomic regions specific to particular cultivated types and Wild Relatives. We have also begun efforts to sequence a further 10,000 accessions of rice in collaboration with partners in China. Yet, in-depth sequence data and initial comparative bioinformatic analyses are not enough to promote efficient use. Hence, high throughput phenomic screening in multiple environments, development of novel genetic populations, computational genetics and modeling will be necessary to understand the link between genotype to phenotype and its environmental control. The combination of these approaches underpinned by computational analyses will allow identification of novel genes and alleles that can be deployed into elite varieties for sustainable crop improvement.
Sandra Knapp - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Wild Relatives of the eggplant solanum melongena l solanaceae new understanding of species names in a complex group
PLOS ONE, 2013Co-Authors: Sandra Knapp, Maria S Vorontsova, Jaime ProhensAbstract:Background The common or brinjal eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) belongs to the Leptostemonum Clade (the “spiny” solanums) of the species-rich genus Solanum (Solanaceae). Unlike most of the genus, the eggplant and its Relatives are from the Old World; most eggplant Wild Relatives are from Africa. An informal system for naming eggplant Wild Relatives largely based on crossing and other biosystematics data has been in use for approximately a decade. This system recognises several forms of two broadly conceived species, S. incanum L. and S. melongena. Recent morphological and molecular work has shown that species-level differences exist between these entities, and a new species-level nomenclature has been identified as necessary for plant breeders and for the maintenance of accurately named germplasm.
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Wild Relatives of the eggplant solanum melongena l solanaceae new understanding of species names in a complex group
PLOS ONE, 2013Co-Authors: Sandra Knapp, Maria S Vorontsova, Jaime ProhensAbstract:Background The common or brinjal eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) belongs to the Leptostemonum Clade (the “spiny” solanums) of the species-rich genus Solanum (Solanaceae). Unlike most of the genus, the eggplant and its Relatives are from the Old World; most eggplant Wild Relatives are from Africa. An informal system for naming eggplant Wild Relatives largely based on crossing and other biosystematics data has been in use for approximately a decade. This system recognises several forms of two broadly conceived species, S. incanum L. and S. melongena. Recent morphological and molecular work has shown that species-level differences exist between these entities, and a new species-level nomenclature has been identified as necessary for plant breeders and for the maintenance of accurately named germplasm. Methodology/Principal Findings We examined herbarium specimens from throughout the Wild species ranges as part of a larger revision of the spiny solanums of Africa. Based on these morphological and molecular studies, we delimited species in the group to which the common eggplant belongs and constructed identification keys for the group. We also examined the monophyly of the group considered as the eggplant Relatives by previous authors. Conclusions/Significance We recognise ten species in this group: S. aureitomentosum Bitter, S. campylacanthum A.Rich., S. cerasiferum Dunal, S. incanum L., S. insanum L., S. lichtensteinii Willd., S. linnaeanum Hepper & P.-M.L.Jaeger, S. melongena L., S. rigidum Lam. and S. umtuma Voronts. & S.Knapp. We review the history of naming and provide keys and character lists for all species. Ploidy level differences have not been investigated in the eggplant Wild Relatives; we identify this as a priority for improvement of crop Wild relative use in breeding. The application of species-level names to these entities will help focus new collecting efforts for brinjal eggplant improvement and help facilitate information exchange.
Rajeev K Varshney - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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reap the crop Wild Relatives for breeding future crops
Trends in Biotechnology, 2021Co-Authors: Abhishek Bohra, Benjamin Kilian, Shoba Sivasankar, Mario Caccamo, Susan R Mccouch, Rajeev K VarshneyAbstract:Crop Wild Relatives (CWRs) have provided breeders with several 'game-changing' traits or genes that have boosted crop resilience and global agricultural production. Advances in breeding and genomics have accelerated the identification of valuable CWRs for use in crop improvement. The enhanced genetic diversity of breeding pools carrying optimum combinations of favorable alleles for targeted crop-growing regions is crucial to sustain genetic gain. In parallel, growing sequence information on Wild genomes in combination with precise gene-editing tools provide a fast-track route to transform CWRs into ideal future crops. Data-informed germplasm collection and management strategies together with adequate policy support will be equally important to improve access to CWRs and their sustainable use to meet food and nutrition security targets.
