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Zhongfeng Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Dynamics of antioxidant activities, metabolites, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and phenolic biosynthetic genes in germinating Chinese Wild Rice (Zizania latifolia).
Food chemistry, 2020Co-Authors: Cheng Chu, Zhongfeng Zhang, Hongbo Zhang, John Shi, Xiao-long Yuan, Xinmin Liu, Yanhua Liu, Ning YanAbstract:Abstract In this study, the antioxidant activity of germinating Chinese Wild Rice was found to decline initially, after which it increased. The largest difference in antioxidant activity was observed between the 36-h (G36) and the 120-h germination (G120) stage. We further assessed the dynamic changes in metabolites, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and phenolic biosynthetic genes in germinating Chinese Wild Rice. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–triple quadrupole mass spectrometry revealed that 315 metabolites were up-regulated and 28 were down-regulated between G36 and G120. Levels of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillin, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and epigallocatechin increased significantly during germination. Gene expression of four phenylalanine ammonia-lyases, one 4-coumarate-CoA ligase, one cinnamoyl-CoA reductase, two cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases, one chalcone synthase, and one chalcone isomerase was significantly higher at G120 than at G36 and promoted phenolics accumulation. This study elucidated the biochemical mechanisms involved in antioxidant activity and phenolic profile changes during Chinese Wild Rice germination.
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Extraction of Proanthocyanidins from Chinese Wild Rice (Zizania latifolia) and Analyses of Structural Composition and Potential Bioactivities of Different Fractions.
Molecules, 2019Co-Authors: Yongmei Du, Feng-zhong Wang, Zhongfeng ZhangAbstract:Due to the importance of proanthocyanidin bioactivity and its relationship with chemical structure, ultrasound-assisted extraction and purification schemes were proposed to evaluate the proanthocyanidin content and analyze the structural composition and potential bioactivities of different proanthocyanidin fractions from Chinese Wild Rice (Zizania latifolia). Following an optimized extraction procedure, the crude Wild Rice proanthocyanidins (WRPs) were purified using n-butanol extraction, chromatography on macroporous resins, and further fractionation on Sephadex LH-20 to yield six specific fractions (WRPs-1–WRPs-6) containing proanthocyanidin levels exceeding 524.19 ± 3.56 mg/g extract. Structurally, (+)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin, and (−)-epigallocatechin were present as both terminal and extension units, and (−)-epicatechin was the major extension unit, in each fraction. This is the first preparation of WRP fractions with a different mean degree of polymerization (mDP), ranging from 2.66 ± 0.04 to 10.30 ± 0.46. A comparison of the bioactivities of these fractions revealed that fractions WRPs-1−WRPs-5 had significant DPPH radical scavenging activities, whereas fraction WRPs-6 with a high mDP showed better α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase inhibitory effects. These findings should help define possible applications of WRPs to functional foods or nutraceuticals.
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iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis reveals the accumulation of bioactive compounds in Chinese Wild Rice (Zizania latifolia) during germination
Food Chemistry, 2019Co-Authors: Yongmei Du, Hongbo Zhang, Zhongfeng ZhangAbstract:Abstract Polyphenols and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) accumulate during seed germination, but the mechanisms involved are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to elucidate the accumulation of these bioactive compounds in Chinese Wild Rice during germination. The greatest differences in the phenolic content were at 36-h (G36) and 120-h germination (G120) stages. An iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis revealed 7031 proteins, and a comparison of the G120 and G36 stages revealed 956 upregulated and 188 downregulated proteins. The KEGG analysis revealed significant protein enrichment in the “metabolic pathways”, “biosynthesis of secondary metabolites” and “phenylpropanoid biosynthesis”. Four phenylalanine ammonia-lyases, one 4-coumarate-CoA ligase, one cinnamoyl-CoA reductase, two cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases, and four glutamate decarboxylases exhibited higher expression at the G120 than at the G36 stage and promoted phenolics and GABA accumulation. This study revealed bioactive compound accumulation in germinating Chinese Wild Rice, and the finding may help develop functional foods derived from this cereal.
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a comparative uhplc qqq ms based metabolomics approach for evaluating chinese and north american Wild Rice
Food Chemistry, 2019Co-Authors: Ning Yan, Hongbo Zhang, John Shi, Xinmin Liu, Yanhua Liu, Meijun Chu, Zhongfeng ZhangAbstract:Wild Rice (Zizania spp.) is considered by many consumers to be a health-promoting food. The perennial Z. latifolia (native to Asia) and annual Z. palustris (native to North America) are crops to produce Chinese and North American Wild Rice, respectively. In this study, we compare the metabolomes of the two species using a UHPLC-QqQ-MS-based metabolomics approach. In total, 672 metabolites were identified; of those, 357 showed differential expression (160 up-regulated versus 197 down-regulated). Metabolic pathway analysis of these differential metabolites showed a significant enrichment of the "Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis" pathway. A hierarchical cluster analysis of differential metabolites of the two species showed a clear grouping pattern in which the relative contents of five anthocyanins and four catechin derivatives differed significantly between the two groups. This study provides reference values for isolation and identification of functional compounds from Wild Rice and for research and development of functional foods from the two species.
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partial purification identification and quantitation of antioxidants from Wild Rice zizania latifolia
Molecules, 2018Co-Authors: Meijun Chu, Feng-zhong Wang, Xinmin Liu, Ning Yan, Zhongfeng ZhangAbstract:To provide further insights into the potential health-promoting antioxidants from Wild Rice (Zizania latifolia), which is an abundant but underutilized whole grain resource in East Asia, a partial purification based on D101 macroporous resin was carried out for the purification and enrichment of the antioxidants from the bioactive ethanol extracts of Wild Rice. On that basis, 34 phenolic compounds in the antioxidant fractions were identified by a high-performance liquid chromatography-linear ion trap quadrupole-Orbitrap-mass spectrometry (HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MSn). The results suggested that phenolic acids could be enriched in the 10% ethanol-eluted fraction whereas flavonoids (including procyanidins and flavonoid glycosides) could be enriched in 20⁻30% ethanol-eluted fractions. A quantitative analysis determined by the multiple reaction monitoring mode of the ultra-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS) revealed a high content of procyanidins in Wild Rice. Compared with phenolic acids, flavonoids may contribute more to the potent antioxidant activity of Wild Rice. This is the first study on the antioxidants from Wild Rice Z. latifolia. These findings provide novel information on the functional components of Wild Rice, and will be of value to further research and development on Z. latifolia.
Hiroko Morishima - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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comparison of population genetic structures of common Wild Rice oryza rufipogon griff as revealed by analyses of quantitative traits allozymes and rflps
Heredity, 2004Co-Authors: H W Cai, Hiroko Morishima, X K WangAbstract:Comparison of population genetic structures of common Wild Rice ( Oryza rufipogon Griff.), as revealed by analyses of quantitative traits, allozymes, and RFLPs
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the extinction of genetic resources of asian Wild Rice oryza rufipogon griff a case study in thailand
Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 1999Co-Authors: Masahiro Akimoto, Yoshiya Shimamoto, Hiroko MorishimaAbstract:Natural populations of Wild Rice, Oryza rufipogon Griff., are now threatened with the disturbance of their natural habitats by various human activities. To obtain basic information on genetic erosion or loss of genetic diversity in Wild Rice, we investigated how environmental changes of habitat affected the genetic structure of its natural population at a study site in the central plain of Thailand. During 10 years from 1985 to 1994, the Wild-Rice population at this site was seriously destroyed and fragmented. Using two sets of seed sample collected in 1985 and 1994 from the same population, allozyme variability at 17 loci of 11 enzymes were examined. Isozyme genotypes of mother plants of seed samples were estimated by the segregation in each progeny, and we calculated genetic parameters for the population. Gene diversity severely decreased in the 1994 sample compared with the 1985 sample. It is supposed that declining and fragmentation of the Wild Rice population, which happened during the 10 years, caused loss of genetic variability and forced the habitually outbreeding plants to inbreed, accelerating a reduction in gene variability. Pgi1-1 allele which was common in Indica Rice cultivars of this region was found in the Wild Rice plants growing at the side of Rice fields. Probably, introgression has occurred between Wild and cultivated Rice plants, and consequently the intrinsic nature of Wild Rice was gradually blurred by cultivar genes. We must realize that the genetic erosion of Wild Rice is rapidly proceeding and that an action for their conservation in natural environment, so called in situ conservation, is urgently needed.
Chuanqing Sun - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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analysis of qtls for yield related traits in yuanjiang common Wild Rice oryza rufipogon griff
Journal of Genetics and Genomics, 2010Co-Authors: Lubin Tan, Peijiang Zhang, Yongcai Fu, Qiang Fu, Zuofeng Zhu, Xinchun Zhan, Hongwei Cai, Chuanqing SunAbstract:Using an accession of common Wild Rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.) collected from Yuanjiang County, Yunnan Province, China, as the donor and an elite cultivar 93-11, widely used in two-line indica hybrid Rice production in China, as the recurrent parent, an advanced backcross populations were developed. Through genotyping of 187 SSR markers and investigation of six yield-related traits of two generations (BC4F2 and BC4F4), a total of 26 QTLs were detected by employing single point analysis and interval mapping in both generations. Of the 26 QTLs, the alleles of 10 (38.5%) QTLs originating from O. rufipogon had shown a beneficial effect for yield-related traits in the 93-11 genetic background. In addition, five QTLs controlling yield and its components were newly identified, indicating that there are potentially novel alleles in Yuanjiang common Wild Rice. Three regions underling significant QTLs for several yield-related traits were detected on chromosome 1, 7 and 12. The QTL clusters were founded and corresponding agronomic traits of those QTLs showed highly significant correlation, suggesting the pleiotropism or tight linkage. Fine-mapping and cloning of these yield-related QTLs from Wild Rice would be helpful to elucidating molecular mechanism of Rice domestication and Rice breeding in the future.
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identification of a drought tolerant introgression line derived from dongxiang common Wild Rice o rufipogon griff
Plant Molecular Biology, 2006Co-Authors: Xia Zhang, Xiangkun Wang, Shaoxia Zhou, Yongcai Fu, Zhen Su, Chuanqing SunAbstract:Construction of introgression lines using cultivated Rice as recipient and Wild Rice is a novel approach to explore primitive and broad genetic resources in Rice breeding. We recently generated a set of 159 introgression lines via a backcrossing program using an elite Indica cultivar Rice Guichao 2 (O. sativa L. ssp. indica) as recipient and a common Wild Rice Dongxiang accession (O. rufipogon Griff.) as donor. In this study, we have evaluated the previously constructed 159 introgression lines for drought-tolerance. A total of 12 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to drought tolerance were mapped. Furthermore, a drought tolerant introgression line, IL23, was identified and characterized. Genotype analysis of IL23 demonstrated that IL23 contained two QTLs associated with drought tolerance, qSDT2-1 and qSDT12-2, which were located on chromosome 2 and 12 within the two introgressed segments derived from the common Wild Rice, respectively. Physiological characterization, including measurement of water loss, osmotic potential, electrolytical leakage, MDA content, soluble sugars content and the leaf temperature, revealed that IL23 showed the characteristics associated with drought tolerance. Identification and characterization of IL23 would provide a useful basis for isolation of novel genes associated with drought tolerance and for molecular breeding of drought tolerant Rice. Furthermore, the results in this study indicated that construction of introgression lines from common Wild Rice should be an appropriate approach to obtain favorable genetic materials.
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mapping qtls controlling vascular bundle and panicle related traits from yuanjiang common Wild Rice oryza rufipogon griff
Acta Genetica Sinica, 2005Co-Authors: Yanhui Jing, Chuanqing Sun, Lubin Tan, Peijiang Zhang, Wenfu Chen, Xiangkun WangAbstract:An advanced backcross population (BC3F2), derived from the cross between Yuanjiang common Wild Rice as the donor parent and Teqing as recurrent parent, was used to map QTLs controlling the number of vascular bundle and panicle-related traits from Yuanjiang common Wild Rice. Seven QTLs controlling the number of large vascular bundles in peduncle were detected on chromosome 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 and 10. Five QTLs for the number of small vascular bundles in peduncle were mapped on chromosome 1, 2, 3, 4 and 8. A total of 15 QTLs for the number of primary and secondary rachis branches and spikelets per panicle were identified on all chromosomes except chromosome 11 and 12. Most of alleles derived from O. rufipogon Griff. showed negative effect that reduced significantly vascular bundle, rachis branches and spikelets per panicle, suggesting that during the evolution from common Wild Rice to cultivated Rice, favorable alleles were retained while removed undesirable ones. Most of QTLs controlling vascular bundle, rachis branches and spikelets per panicle showed cluster form or close linkage on chromosomes. The directions of their additive effects were consistent, which explained the genetic basis of significant correlation of their phenotypic characters. All the information suggested parallel evolution relationship among these traits.
Yongcai Fu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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laba1 a domestication gene associated with long barbed awns in Wild Rice
The Plant Cell, 2015Co-Authors: Lei Hua, Lubin Tan, Yongcai Fu, Qiang Fu, Zuofeng Zhu, Diane R Wang, Fengxia Liu, Langtao Xiao, Xianyou Sun, Ping GuAbstract:Common Wild Rice ( Oryza rufipogon ), the Wild relative of Asian cultivated Rice ( Oryza sativa ), flaunts long, barbed awns, which are necessary for efficient propagation and dissemination of seeds. By contrast, O. sativa cultivars have been selected to be awnless or to harbor short, barbless awns, which facilitate seed processing and storage. The transition from long, barbed awns to short, barbless awns was a crucial event in Rice domestication. Here, we show that the presence of long, barbed awns in Wild Rice is controlled by a major gene on chromosome 4, LONG AND BARBED AWN1 ( LABA1 ), which encodes a cytokinin-activating enzyme. A frame-shift deletion in LABA1 of cultivated Rice reduces the cytokinin concentration in awn primordia, disrupting barb formation and awn elongation. Sequencing analysis demonstrated low nucleotide diversity and a selective sweep encompassing an ∼800-kb region around the derived laba1 allele in cultivated Rice. Haplotype analysis revealed that the laba1 allele originated in the japonica subspecies and moved into the indica gene pool via introgression, suggesting that humans selected for this locus in early Rice domestication. Identification of LABA1 provides new insights into Rice domestication and also sheds light on the molecular mechanism underlying awn development.
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lhd1 an allele of dth8 ghd8 controls late heading date in common Wild Rice oryza rufipogon
Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 2012Co-Authors: Xiaodong Dai, Lubin Tan, Yongcai Fu, Zuofeng Zhu, Fengxia Liu, Xianyou Sun, Ping Gu, Younian Ding, Xuewen Sun, Hongwei CaiAbstract:Flowering at suitable time is very important for plants to adapt to complicated environments and produce their seeds successfully for reproduction. In Rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.) photoperiod regulation is one of the important factors for controlling heading date. Common Wild Rice, the ancestor of cultivated Rice, exhibits a late heading date and a more sensitive photoperiodic response than cultivated Rice. Here, through map-based cloning, we identified a major quantitative trait loci (QTL) LHD1 (Late Heading Date 1), an allele of DTH8/Ghd8, which controls the late heading date of Wild Rice and encodes a putative HAP3/NF-YB/CBF-A subunit of the CCAAT-box-binding transcription factor. Sequence analysis revealed that several variants in the coding region of LHD1 were correlated with a late heading date, and a further complementary study successfully rescued the phenotype. These results suggest that a functional site for LHD1 could be among those variants present in the coding region. We also found that LHD1 could down-regulate the expression of several floral transition activators such as Ehd1, Hd3a and RFT1 under long-day conditions, but not under short-day conditions. This indicates that LHD1 may delay flowering by repressing the expression of Ehd1, Hd3a and RFT1 under long-day conditions.
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analysis of qtls for yield related traits in yuanjiang common Wild Rice oryza rufipogon griff
Journal of Genetics and Genomics, 2010Co-Authors: Lubin Tan, Peijiang Zhang, Yongcai Fu, Qiang Fu, Zuofeng Zhu, Xinchun Zhan, Hongwei Cai, Chuanqing SunAbstract:Using an accession of common Wild Rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.) collected from Yuanjiang County, Yunnan Province, China, as the donor and an elite cultivar 93-11, widely used in two-line indica hybrid Rice production in China, as the recurrent parent, an advanced backcross populations were developed. Through genotyping of 187 SSR markers and investigation of six yield-related traits of two generations (BC4F2 and BC4F4), a total of 26 QTLs were detected by employing single point analysis and interval mapping in both generations. Of the 26 QTLs, the alleles of 10 (38.5%) QTLs originating from O. rufipogon had shown a beneficial effect for yield-related traits in the 93-11 genetic background. In addition, five QTLs controlling yield and its components were newly identified, indicating that there are potentially novel alleles in Yuanjiang common Wild Rice. Three regions underling significant QTLs for several yield-related traits were detected on chromosome 1, 7 and 12. The QTL clusters were founded and corresponding agronomic traits of those QTLs showed highly significant correlation, suggesting the pleiotropism or tight linkage. Fine-mapping and cloning of these yield-related QTLs from Wild Rice would be helpful to elucidating molecular mechanism of Rice domestication and Rice breeding in the future.
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identification of a drought tolerant introgression line derived from dongxiang common Wild Rice o rufipogon griff
Plant Molecular Biology, 2006Co-Authors: Xia Zhang, Xiangkun Wang, Shaoxia Zhou, Yongcai Fu, Zhen Su, Chuanqing SunAbstract:Construction of introgression lines using cultivated Rice as recipient and Wild Rice is a novel approach to explore primitive and broad genetic resources in Rice breeding. We recently generated a set of 159 introgression lines via a backcrossing program using an elite Indica cultivar Rice Guichao 2 (O. sativa L. ssp. indica) as recipient and a common Wild Rice Dongxiang accession (O. rufipogon Griff.) as donor. In this study, we have evaluated the previously constructed 159 introgression lines for drought-tolerance. A total of 12 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to drought tolerance were mapped. Furthermore, a drought tolerant introgression line, IL23, was identified and characterized. Genotype analysis of IL23 demonstrated that IL23 contained two QTLs associated with drought tolerance, qSDT2-1 and qSDT12-2, which were located on chromosome 2 and 12 within the two introgressed segments derived from the common Wild Rice, respectively. Physiological characterization, including measurement of water loss, osmotic potential, electrolytical leakage, MDA content, soluble sugars content and the leaf temperature, revealed that IL23 showed the characteristics associated with drought tolerance. Identification and characterization of IL23 would provide a useful basis for isolation of novel genes associated with drought tolerance and for molecular breeding of drought tolerant Rice. Furthermore, the results in this study indicated that construction of introgression lines from common Wild Rice should be an appropriate approach to obtain favorable genetic materials.
Qiang Fu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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laba1 a domestication gene associated with long barbed awns in Wild Rice
The Plant Cell, 2015Co-Authors: Lei Hua, Lubin Tan, Yongcai Fu, Qiang Fu, Zuofeng Zhu, Diane R Wang, Fengxia Liu, Langtao Xiao, Xianyou Sun, Ping GuAbstract:Common Wild Rice ( Oryza rufipogon ), the Wild relative of Asian cultivated Rice ( Oryza sativa ), flaunts long, barbed awns, which are necessary for efficient propagation and dissemination of seeds. By contrast, O. sativa cultivars have been selected to be awnless or to harbor short, barbless awns, which facilitate seed processing and storage. The transition from long, barbed awns to short, barbless awns was a crucial event in Rice domestication. Here, we show that the presence of long, barbed awns in Wild Rice is controlled by a major gene on chromosome 4, LONG AND BARBED AWN1 ( LABA1 ), which encodes a cytokinin-activating enzyme. A frame-shift deletion in LABA1 of cultivated Rice reduces the cytokinin concentration in awn primordia, disrupting barb formation and awn elongation. Sequencing analysis demonstrated low nucleotide diversity and a selective sweep encompassing an ∼800-kb region around the derived laba1 allele in cultivated Rice. Haplotype analysis revealed that the laba1 allele originated in the japonica subspecies and moved into the indica gene pool via introgression, suggesting that humans selected for this locus in early Rice domestication. Identification of LABA1 provides new insights into Rice domestication and also sheds light on the molecular mechanism underlying awn development.
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analysis of qtls for yield related traits in yuanjiang common Wild Rice oryza rufipogon griff
Journal of Genetics and Genomics, 2010Co-Authors: Lubin Tan, Peijiang Zhang, Yongcai Fu, Qiang Fu, Zuofeng Zhu, Xinchun Zhan, Hongwei Cai, Chuanqing SunAbstract:Using an accession of common Wild Rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.) collected from Yuanjiang County, Yunnan Province, China, as the donor and an elite cultivar 93-11, widely used in two-line indica hybrid Rice production in China, as the recurrent parent, an advanced backcross populations were developed. Through genotyping of 187 SSR markers and investigation of six yield-related traits of two generations (BC4F2 and BC4F4), a total of 26 QTLs were detected by employing single point analysis and interval mapping in both generations. Of the 26 QTLs, the alleles of 10 (38.5%) QTLs originating from O. rufipogon had shown a beneficial effect for yield-related traits in the 93-11 genetic background. In addition, five QTLs controlling yield and its components were newly identified, indicating that there are potentially novel alleles in Yuanjiang common Wild Rice. Three regions underling significant QTLs for several yield-related traits were detected on chromosome 1, 7 and 12. The QTL clusters were founded and corresponding agronomic traits of those QTLs showed highly significant correlation, suggesting the pleiotropism or tight linkage. Fine-mapping and cloning of these yield-related QTLs from Wild Rice would be helpful to elucidating molecular mechanism of Rice domestication and Rice breeding in the future.
