The Experts below are selected from a list of 288 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Bruce A Hyma - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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gamma hydroxybutyrate Withdrawal Syndrome
Annals of Emergency Medicine, 2001Co-Authors: Jo Ellen Dyer, Brett A Roth, Bruce A HymaAbstract:Abstract Study Objective: Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) Withdrawal Syndrome is increasingly encountered in emergency departments among patients presenting for health care after discontinuing frequent GHB use. This report describes the characteristics, course, and symptoms of this Syndrome. Methods: A retrospective review of poison center records identified 7 consecutive cases in which patients reporting excessive GHB use were admitted for symptoms consistent with a sedative Withdrawal Syndrome. One additional case identified by a medical examiner was brought to our attention. These medical records were reviewed extracting demographic information, reason for presentation and use, concurrent drug use, toxicology screenings, and the onset and duration of clinical signs and symptoms. Results: Eight patients had a prolonged Withdrawal course after discontinuing chronic use of GHB. All patients in this series were psychotic and severely agitated, requiring physical restraint and sedation. Cardiovascular effects included mild tachycardia and hypertension. Neurologic effects of prolonged delirium with auditory and visual hallucinations became episodic as the Syndrome waned. Diaphoresis, nausea, and vomiting occurred less frequently. The onset of Withdrawal symptoms in these patients was rapid (1 to 6 hours after the last dose) and symptoms were prolonged (5 to 15 days). One death occurred on hospital day 13 as Withdrawal symptoms were resolving. Conclusion: In our patients, severe GHB dependence followed frequent ingestion every 1 to 3 hours around-the-clock. The Withdrawal Syndrome was accompanied initially by symptoms of anxiety, insomnia, and tremor that developed soon after GHB discontinuation. These initial symptoms may progress to severe delirium with autonomic instability. [Dyer JE, Roth B, Hyma BA. Gamma-hydroxybutyrate Withdrawal Syndrome. Ann Emerg Med. February 2001;37:147-153.]
John R Hughes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the cannabis Withdrawal Syndrome
Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 2006Co-Authors: Alan J Budney, John R HughesAbstract:Purpose of reviewThe demand for treatment for cannabis dependence has grown dramatically. The majority of the people who enter the treatment have difficulty in achieving and maintaining abstinence from cannabis. Understanding the impact of cannabis Withdrawal Syndrome on quit attempts is of obvious
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review of the validity and significance of cannabis Withdrawal Syndrome
American Journal of Psychiatry, 2004Co-Authors: Alan J Budney, John R Hughes, Brent A Moore, Ryan VandreyAbstract:The authors review the literature examining the validity and significance of cannabis Withdrawal Syndrome. Findings from animal laboratory research are briefly reviewed, and human laboratory and clinical studies are surveyed in more detail. Converging evidence from basic laboratory and clinical studies indicates that a Withdrawal Syndrome reliably follows discontinuation of chronic heavy use of cannabis or tetrahydrocannabinol. Common symptoms are primarily emotional and behavioral, although appetite change, weight loss, and physical discomfort are also frequently reported. The onset and time course of these symptoms appear similar to those of other substance Withdrawal Syndromes. The magnitude and severity of these symptoms appear substantial, and these findings suggest that the Syndrome has clinical importance. Diagnostic criteria for cannabis Withdrawal Syndrome are proposed.
Alan J Budney - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the cannabis Withdrawal Syndrome
Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 2006Co-Authors: Alan J Budney, John R HughesAbstract:Purpose of reviewThe demand for treatment for cannabis dependence has grown dramatically. The majority of the people who enter the treatment have difficulty in achieving and maintaining abstinence from cannabis. Understanding the impact of cannabis Withdrawal Syndrome on quit attempts is of obvious
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review of the validity and significance of cannabis Withdrawal Syndrome
American Journal of Psychiatry, 2004Co-Authors: Alan J Budney, John R Hughes, Brent A Moore, Ryan VandreyAbstract:The authors review the literature examining the validity and significance of cannabis Withdrawal Syndrome. Findings from animal laboratory research are briefly reviewed, and human laboratory and clinical studies are surveyed in more detail. Converging evidence from basic laboratory and clinical studies indicates that a Withdrawal Syndrome reliably follows discontinuation of chronic heavy use of cannabis or tetrahydrocannabinol. Common symptoms are primarily emotional and behavioral, although appetite change, weight loss, and physical discomfort are also frequently reported. The onset and time course of these symptoms appear similar to those of other substance Withdrawal Syndromes. The magnitude and severity of these symptoms appear substantial, and these findings suggest that the Syndrome has clinical importance. Diagnostic criteria for cannabis Withdrawal Syndrome are proposed.
Ton C M Vergouwen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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gamma hydroxybutyrate Withdrawal Syndrome dangerous but not well known
General Hospital Psychiatry, 2009Co-Authors: Martijn S Van Noorden, Lieselotte C A M Van Dongen, Frans G Zitman, Ton C M VergouwenAbstract:Abstract Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is an endogenous inhibitory neurotransmitter and anesthetic agent that is being abused as a ‘club drug.’ Withdrawal symptoms after cessation of GHB use are common and depend on the intensity of use. However, GHB Withdrawal Syndrome and delirium are unfamiliar to most psychiatrists, probably due to the fact that neither textbooks nor guidelines cover the subject. The GHB Withdrawal Syndrome may have a fulminant course that progresses to delirium. In those severe cases, admission to a general hospital and involvement of a psychiatrist become necessary. We present two cases of severe GHB Withdrawal delirium, provide an overview of the literature and conclude with treatment recommendations.
Jo Ellen Dyer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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gamma hydroxybutyrate Withdrawal Syndrome
Annals of Emergency Medicine, 2001Co-Authors: Jo Ellen Dyer, Brett A Roth, Bruce A HymaAbstract:Abstract Study Objective: Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) Withdrawal Syndrome is increasingly encountered in emergency departments among patients presenting for health care after discontinuing frequent GHB use. This report describes the characteristics, course, and symptoms of this Syndrome. Methods: A retrospective review of poison center records identified 7 consecutive cases in which patients reporting excessive GHB use were admitted for symptoms consistent with a sedative Withdrawal Syndrome. One additional case identified by a medical examiner was brought to our attention. These medical records were reviewed extracting demographic information, reason for presentation and use, concurrent drug use, toxicology screenings, and the onset and duration of clinical signs and symptoms. Results: Eight patients had a prolonged Withdrawal course after discontinuing chronic use of GHB. All patients in this series were psychotic and severely agitated, requiring physical restraint and sedation. Cardiovascular effects included mild tachycardia and hypertension. Neurologic effects of prolonged delirium with auditory and visual hallucinations became episodic as the Syndrome waned. Diaphoresis, nausea, and vomiting occurred less frequently. The onset of Withdrawal symptoms in these patients was rapid (1 to 6 hours after the last dose) and symptoms were prolonged (5 to 15 days). One death occurred on hospital day 13 as Withdrawal symptoms were resolving. Conclusion: In our patients, severe GHB dependence followed frequent ingestion every 1 to 3 hours around-the-clock. The Withdrawal Syndrome was accompanied initially by symptoms of anxiety, insomnia, and tremor that developed soon after GHB discontinuation. These initial symptoms may progress to severe delirium with autonomic instability. [Dyer JE, Roth B, Hyma BA. Gamma-hydroxybutyrate Withdrawal Syndrome. Ann Emerg Med. February 2001;37:147-153.]
