The Experts below are selected from a list of 2010 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
R Matsukura - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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population change development and Womens Role and status in japan
1997Co-Authors: N Ogawa, R MatsukuraAbstract:In this report we will analyse on the basis of a macroeconomic-demographic-social security model various population compositional adjustment problems shedding light upon the changing status of Japanese women and their career development....The projected results for the macroeconomic and demographic variables suggest that the population of Japan ages at an accelerated speed which in turn gives rise to its slowing economic growth and increasing social security costs....The model simulation results show that the supply factors particularly labour supply will constitute a major bottle neck to sustaining economic growth. Originally published by the UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific [ESCAP] as Asian Population Studies Series No. 133. (EXCERPT)
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population change Womens Role and status and development in japan executive summary
1997Co-Authors: N Ogawa, R MatsukuraAbstract:This study offers 3 simulation submodels for estimating demographic changes economic conditions and social security in Japan. Data were obtained from the 1990 census for years 1963-90. Projections are made quinquennially during 1990-2025. The study determined the impact of alternative patterns for Womens paid employment on fertility and the effect of alternative paths for educational planning on Womens career development and fertility. The theoretical model was developed by Nihon University Population Research Institute (NUPRI) in the early 1980s and was updated continuously until May 1995. The population submodel uses a lag of 1 year and endogenously determined fertility and mortality. Annual fertility levels are estimated in a home economics model of Ogawa and Mason (1986). Projections are based on the 1992 HOMES program of Mason Ogawa and Fukui. The economic and social security submodels are simultaneously determined. The economic submodel is a Keynesian demand-oriented one. Estimation is mostly with ordinary least squares. Findings indicate that projected population will increase to 128.1 million by 2006 from 123.6 million in 1990. Population thereafter will decline to 119.1 million by 2025. The proportion of elderly and very old will reach the worlds highest level rapidly. The dependency ratio will reach 65.0 in 2025. Family support by adult children will be the lowest in the world. Labor supply will constrain economic growth which can be offset by increased full-time employment of married women. Government schemes aim to provide care-giving for children and the elderly.
O Sadiq - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Womens Role in household decision making a case study in nigeria
1997Co-Authors: S Gammage, E Madu, D Shehu, O SadiqAbstract:This case study explores Womens Role in household decision making in Nigeria and identifies factors related to the extent to which women exert influence. Data were obtained in 1995 from household and individual surveys among women of reproductive age and significant others and focus groups. The random sample of 50 households was drawn from urban and rural sites in Ondo Abia and Kebbi states in Nigeria. Each state had different dominant ethnic groups. There was no polygamy in Abia state. Kebbi state was largely Islamic while the other states were largely Christian. Abia women were the best educated; Kebbi women the least educated. Gender bias was evident only in Kebbi state. Lactational amenorrhea was the prevalent birth spacing method. More rural women reported refusals of sexual intercourse. The right of refusal was significantly related to the respondents earned income. Contributions to household expenditure were higher in Abia (47% in urban areas and 24% in rural areas) than in other states. More women in Abia did not pool income. 74-95% had a high degree of control over decisions to educate their children. 53-74% had the potential to control health care decisions. Control over decision making was higher if respondent did not have a secondary education and could not read. A larger proportion of women who were members of a community association had control over decision making. Husbands had an important Role in education decisions about school attendance and the years of schooling particularly in Ondo and Kebbi where final decision making was made by husbands. Findings revealed that women who achieved their preferences were better able to negotiate and articulate their preferences. These women had greater economic power considerable mobility better access to information enhanced social support from group membership and independent activities outside the household.
N Ogawa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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population change development and Womens Role and status in japan
1997Co-Authors: N Ogawa, R MatsukuraAbstract:In this report we will analyse on the basis of a macroeconomic-demographic-social security model various population compositional adjustment problems shedding light upon the changing status of Japanese women and their career development....The projected results for the macroeconomic and demographic variables suggest that the population of Japan ages at an accelerated speed which in turn gives rise to its slowing economic growth and increasing social security costs....The model simulation results show that the supply factors particularly labour supply will constitute a major bottle neck to sustaining economic growth. Originally published by the UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific [ESCAP] as Asian Population Studies Series No. 133. (EXCERPT)
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population change Womens Role and status and development in japan executive summary
1997Co-Authors: N Ogawa, R MatsukuraAbstract:This study offers 3 simulation submodels for estimating demographic changes economic conditions and social security in Japan. Data were obtained from the 1990 census for years 1963-90. Projections are made quinquennially during 1990-2025. The study determined the impact of alternative patterns for Womens paid employment on fertility and the effect of alternative paths for educational planning on Womens career development and fertility. The theoretical model was developed by Nihon University Population Research Institute (NUPRI) in the early 1980s and was updated continuously until May 1995. The population submodel uses a lag of 1 year and endogenously determined fertility and mortality. Annual fertility levels are estimated in a home economics model of Ogawa and Mason (1986). Projections are based on the 1992 HOMES program of Mason Ogawa and Fukui. The economic and social security submodels are simultaneously determined. The economic submodel is a Keynesian demand-oriented one. Estimation is mostly with ordinary least squares. Findings indicate that projected population will increase to 128.1 million by 2006 from 123.6 million in 1990. Population thereafter will decline to 119.1 million by 2025. The proportion of elderly and very old will reach the worlds highest level rapidly. The dependency ratio will reach 65.0 in 2025. Family support by adult children will be the lowest in the world. Labor supply will constrain economic growth which can be offset by increased full-time employment of married women. Government schemes aim to provide care-giving for children and the elderly.
Mita R - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Womens status and family planning in Bangladesh: an analysis of focus group data. Final report. Subcontract Number CI92.60A.
1995Co-Authors: Simmons R, Mita RAbstract:The conclusion from this analysis of focus group discussions among women in Matlab Bangladesh was that women were not only aware of widespread contraceptive use in their communities but were also aware of the timing of fertility decline. Women were aware of the broad changes usually considered demand-side determinants of fertility decline: socioeconomic change and modernizing influences. Media exposure and the Matlab community-based family planning workers did have strong program impacts both in the Matlab area and diffused throughout the countryside. Cleland et al.s conclusion--that government commitment to reducing population growth appeared to be the only strategy in Bangladesh conducive to fertility decline--was not supported. Women were aware of changes in the "new culture of contraception" increased costs of living rising educational desires changes in Womens position and the increased influence of modernization. Major structural changes in social and economic life have not occurred but evidence has indicated that land holdings have become increasingly fragmented and schooling has increased. The onset of fertility transition was considered to be influenced by small changes in economic and social life in the direction of modernization and supply-side measures. The subjective meaning of Womens position has taken on much larger meaning than the objective measures of change in Womens Role. The subjective meaning plus strong family planning program influence may have contributed to new desires for smaller families. The evidence from Bangladesh has suggested simultaneous effects of both demand and supply. The strong supply-side program effect has acted to complement and heighten the awareness of demand-side effects although small. Strong programs help people to understand the changes taking place. The Matlab family planning worker was a catalyst for diffusion of new ideas and information to young unmarried women outside the reach of formal program strategies. Ideas were presented through agents of the family planning program and "Womens gossip" served to transmit notions about women having a say in their reproductive lives and about the appropriateness in modern terms of fertility regulation. The focus groups did not directly address diffusion of ideas about family size desires. Policy should continue to support female family planning outreach workers.
S Gammage - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Womens Role in household decision making a case study in nigeria
1997Co-Authors: S Gammage, E Madu, D Shehu, O SadiqAbstract:This case study explores Womens Role in household decision making in Nigeria and identifies factors related to the extent to which women exert influence. Data were obtained in 1995 from household and individual surveys among women of reproductive age and significant others and focus groups. The random sample of 50 households was drawn from urban and rural sites in Ondo Abia and Kebbi states in Nigeria. Each state had different dominant ethnic groups. There was no polygamy in Abia state. Kebbi state was largely Islamic while the other states were largely Christian. Abia women were the best educated; Kebbi women the least educated. Gender bias was evident only in Kebbi state. Lactational amenorrhea was the prevalent birth spacing method. More rural women reported refusals of sexual intercourse. The right of refusal was significantly related to the respondents earned income. Contributions to household expenditure were higher in Abia (47% in urban areas and 24% in rural areas) than in other states. More women in Abia did not pool income. 74-95% had a high degree of control over decisions to educate their children. 53-74% had the potential to control health care decisions. Control over decision making was higher if respondent did not have a secondary education and could not read. A larger proportion of women who were members of a community association had control over decision making. Husbands had an important Role in education decisions about school attendance and the years of schooling particularly in Ondo and Kebbi where final decision making was made by husbands. Findings revealed that women who achieved their preferences were better able to negotiate and articulate their preferences. These women had greater economic power considerable mobility better access to information enhanced social support from group membership and independent activities outside the household.
