The Experts below are selected from a list of 210 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Timothy G Townsend - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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online sorting of recovered Wood waste by automated xrf technology part i detection of preservative treated Wood waste
Waste Management, 2011Co-Authors: Rasem A Hasan, John Schindler, Helena M Sologabriele, Timothy G TownsendAbstract:Waste Wood is frequently contaminated with Wood Treatment preservatives including chromated copper arsenate (CCA) and alkaline copper quat (ACQ), both of which contain metals which contaminate recycled Wood products. The objective of this research was to propose a design for online automated identification of As-based and Cu-based treated Wood within the recovered Wood waste stream utilizing an X-ray fluorescence (XRF) system, and to evaluate the detection parameters of such system. A full-scale detection unit was used for experimentation. Two main parameters (operational threshold (OT) and measurement time) were evaluated to optimize detection efficiencies. OTs of targeted metals, As and Cu, in Wood were reduced to 0.02 and 0.05, respectively. The optimum minimum measurement time of 500 ms resulted in 98%, 91%, and 97% diversion of the As, Cu and Cr mass originally contained in Wood, respectively. Comparisons with other detection methods show that XRF technology can potentially fulfill the need for cost-effective processing at large facilities (>30 tons per day) which require the removal of As-based preservatives from their Wood waste stream.
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evaluation of xrf and libs technologies for on line sorting of cca treated Wood waste
Waste Management, 2004Co-Authors: Helena M Sologabriele, Timothy G Townsend, David W Hahn, Thomas M Moskal, Naila Hosein, Jenna Jambeck, Gary JacobiAbstract:Contamination of Wood waste with chromated copper arsenate greatly limits recycling opportunities for the Wood waste as a whole. Separation of CCA-treated Wood from other Wood types is one means by which such contamination can be removed. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate two detector technologies for sorting CCA-treated Wood from other Wood types. The detector technologies evaluated included X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The XRF detector system utilized in this study was capable of rapidly detecting the presence of CCA in painted Wood, wet Wood, heartWood, sapWood, and at portions of the Wood containing knots. Furthermore, the XRF system was capable of distinguishing between CCA-treated Wood and Wood treated with alternative Wood Treatment preservatives, but was limited by the fact that it was not designed for on-line operation so tests were conducted in a batch mode on a conveyor. The analysis time used in this study (3 s) can be decreased significantly for an XRF system designed specifically for on-line operation. The LIBS system developed for this study was found to effectively identify CCA-treated Wood for pieces ranging in thickness from 1 to 8 cm. High sorting efficiencies were noted when 10 laser shots were taken on a piece of Wood. Furthermore, the LIBS system was found to be effective for identifying Wood that has been coated with stains and paints in addition to identifying Wood that has been CCA treated. The major drawback with the LIBS system developed in this study was the limited laser pulse energy. With an increase in laser pulse energy it is anticipated that the working focal length of the LIBS system can be increased to enable the monitoring of Wood samples of more variable thicknesses. Limitations associated with analysis of very rotted pieces of Wood and wet Wood can also be overcome by using a higher pulse energy laser. Overall, both technologies show incredible promise for sorting CCA-treated Wood from other Wood types. The next recommended step would be to run an improved full-scale operation at one facility to document sorting efficiencies and fine-tune the improvements proposed in the current study. Such a study could potentially open-the-door for more widespread sorting of Wood waste.
Helena M Sologabriele - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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online sorting of recovered Wood waste by automated xrf technology part i detection of preservative treated Wood waste
Waste Management, 2011Co-Authors: Rasem A Hasan, John Schindler, Helena M Sologabriele, Timothy G TownsendAbstract:Waste Wood is frequently contaminated with Wood Treatment preservatives including chromated copper arsenate (CCA) and alkaline copper quat (ACQ), both of which contain metals which contaminate recycled Wood products. The objective of this research was to propose a design for online automated identification of As-based and Cu-based treated Wood within the recovered Wood waste stream utilizing an X-ray fluorescence (XRF) system, and to evaluate the detection parameters of such system. A full-scale detection unit was used for experimentation. Two main parameters (operational threshold (OT) and measurement time) were evaluated to optimize detection efficiencies. OTs of targeted metals, As and Cu, in Wood were reduced to 0.02 and 0.05, respectively. The optimum minimum measurement time of 500 ms resulted in 98%, 91%, and 97% diversion of the As, Cu and Cr mass originally contained in Wood, respectively. Comparisons with other detection methods show that XRF technology can potentially fulfill the need for cost-effective processing at large facilities (>30 tons per day) which require the removal of As-based preservatives from their Wood waste stream.
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evaluation of xrf and libs technologies for on line sorting of cca treated Wood waste
Waste Management, 2004Co-Authors: Helena M Sologabriele, Timothy G Townsend, David W Hahn, Thomas M Moskal, Naila Hosein, Jenna Jambeck, Gary JacobiAbstract:Contamination of Wood waste with chromated copper arsenate greatly limits recycling opportunities for the Wood waste as a whole. Separation of CCA-treated Wood from other Wood types is one means by which such contamination can be removed. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate two detector technologies for sorting CCA-treated Wood from other Wood types. The detector technologies evaluated included X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The XRF detector system utilized in this study was capable of rapidly detecting the presence of CCA in painted Wood, wet Wood, heartWood, sapWood, and at portions of the Wood containing knots. Furthermore, the XRF system was capable of distinguishing between CCA-treated Wood and Wood treated with alternative Wood Treatment preservatives, but was limited by the fact that it was not designed for on-line operation so tests were conducted in a batch mode on a conveyor. The analysis time used in this study (3 s) can be decreased significantly for an XRF system designed specifically for on-line operation. The LIBS system developed for this study was found to effectively identify CCA-treated Wood for pieces ranging in thickness from 1 to 8 cm. High sorting efficiencies were noted when 10 laser shots were taken on a piece of Wood. Furthermore, the LIBS system was found to be effective for identifying Wood that has been coated with stains and paints in addition to identifying Wood that has been CCA treated. The major drawback with the LIBS system developed in this study was the limited laser pulse energy. With an increase in laser pulse energy it is anticipated that the working focal length of the LIBS system can be increased to enable the monitoring of Wood samples of more variable thicknesses. Limitations associated with analysis of very rotted pieces of Wood and wet Wood can also be overcome by using a higher pulse energy laser. Overall, both technologies show incredible promise for sorting CCA-treated Wood from other Wood types. The next recommended step would be to run an improved full-scale operation at one facility to document sorting efficiencies and fine-tune the improvements proposed in the current study. Such a study could potentially open-the-door for more widespread sorting of Wood waste.
Gary Jacobi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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evaluation of xrf and libs technologies for on line sorting of cca treated Wood waste
Waste Management, 2004Co-Authors: Helena M Sologabriele, Timothy G Townsend, David W Hahn, Thomas M Moskal, Naila Hosein, Jenna Jambeck, Gary JacobiAbstract:Contamination of Wood waste with chromated copper arsenate greatly limits recycling opportunities for the Wood waste as a whole. Separation of CCA-treated Wood from other Wood types is one means by which such contamination can be removed. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate two detector technologies for sorting CCA-treated Wood from other Wood types. The detector technologies evaluated included X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The XRF detector system utilized in this study was capable of rapidly detecting the presence of CCA in painted Wood, wet Wood, heartWood, sapWood, and at portions of the Wood containing knots. Furthermore, the XRF system was capable of distinguishing between CCA-treated Wood and Wood treated with alternative Wood Treatment preservatives, but was limited by the fact that it was not designed for on-line operation so tests were conducted in a batch mode on a conveyor. The analysis time used in this study (3 s) can be decreased significantly for an XRF system designed specifically for on-line operation. The LIBS system developed for this study was found to effectively identify CCA-treated Wood for pieces ranging in thickness from 1 to 8 cm. High sorting efficiencies were noted when 10 laser shots were taken on a piece of Wood. Furthermore, the LIBS system was found to be effective for identifying Wood that has been coated with stains and paints in addition to identifying Wood that has been CCA treated. The major drawback with the LIBS system developed in this study was the limited laser pulse energy. With an increase in laser pulse energy it is anticipated that the working focal length of the LIBS system can be increased to enable the monitoring of Wood samples of more variable thicknesses. Limitations associated with analysis of very rotted pieces of Wood and wet Wood can also be overcome by using a higher pulse energy laser. Overall, both technologies show incredible promise for sorting CCA-treated Wood from other Wood types. The next recommended step would be to run an improved full-scale operation at one facility to document sorting efficiencies and fine-tune the improvements proposed in the current study. Such a study could potentially open-the-door for more widespread sorting of Wood waste.
Rasem A Hasan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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online sorting of recovered Wood waste by automated xrf technology part i detection of preservative treated Wood waste
Waste Management, 2011Co-Authors: Rasem A Hasan, John Schindler, Helena M Sologabriele, Timothy G TownsendAbstract:Waste Wood is frequently contaminated with Wood Treatment preservatives including chromated copper arsenate (CCA) and alkaline copper quat (ACQ), both of which contain metals which contaminate recycled Wood products. The objective of this research was to propose a design for online automated identification of As-based and Cu-based treated Wood within the recovered Wood waste stream utilizing an X-ray fluorescence (XRF) system, and to evaluate the detection parameters of such system. A full-scale detection unit was used for experimentation. Two main parameters (operational threshold (OT) and measurement time) were evaluated to optimize detection efficiencies. OTs of targeted metals, As and Cu, in Wood were reduced to 0.02 and 0.05, respectively. The optimum minimum measurement time of 500 ms resulted in 98%, 91%, and 97% diversion of the As, Cu and Cr mass originally contained in Wood, respectively. Comparisons with other detection methods show that XRF technology can potentially fulfill the need for cost-effective processing at large facilities (>30 tons per day) which require the removal of As-based preservatives from their Wood waste stream.
Vinicius Gazal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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behavioral responses of the arboreal termite nasutitermes corniger isoptera termitidae to Wood extracts
Wood Science and Technology, 2014Co-Authors: Vinicius Gazal, Omar Bailez, Ana Maria Vianabailez, Elen De Lima Aguiarmenezes, Euripedes B MenezesAbstract:The termite Nasutitermes corniger is attracted to weathered Wood, but it is not known whether this attraction is of chemical or physical nature. This work examines whether Wood extracts can change the attraction of N. corniger to a food substrate. In a first experiment, filter paper impregnated with a eucalyptus extract, Eucalyptus grandis, and another one with a solvent were placed in the foraging arena of N. corniger nests under laboratory conditions. The extracts used were from weathered or unweathered Wood. During the second experiment, two tests were performed using eucalyptus Wood. First, a piece of unweathered Wood was impregnated with an extract of weathered Wood (Treatment) or solvent (control). In the second test, a piece of weathered Wood was impregnated with an extract of unweathered Wood (Treatment) and another one with solvent (control). At the end of the tests, the number of termite recruitment on each substrate was quantified. Filter paper recruited more termites when treated with unweathered Wood extracts or with extracts of weathered Wood than when impregnated with the solvent. Unweathered Wood treated with extracts of weathered Wood recruited more termites than the control. However, weathered Wood impregnated with extracts of unweathered Wood recruited similar numbers of termites as the same Wood impregnated with the solvent. It was verified that chemicals from weathered or unweathered Wood increased the foraging activity of N. corniger in neutral substrates, but only chemicals from weathered Wood altered the attraction of N. corniger to eucalyptus Wood.
