The Experts below are selected from a list of 10830 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jorge Curiel Yuste - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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interactive effects of forest die off and drying rewetting cycles on c and n mineralization
Geoderma, 2019Co-Authors: Alexandra Rodriguez, Jorge Duran, Ioanna Boudouris, Fernando Valladares, Antonio Gallardo, Jorge Curiel YusteAbstract:Abstract Mediterranean forests will experience more frequent and intense drought periods and extreme rainfall events in the coming decades. Concomitantly, drought-induced forest die-off is likely to increase. Changes in rainfall patterns and forest die-off directly influence Soil microbial communities and activity and, consequently, carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) turnover, but their interactive effects have not yet been explored. We investigated the short-, and the long-term interactive effects of forest die-off and drying-rewetting cycles on Soil C and N mineralization rates of a Mediterranean Woodland. Soil samples collected under and out of the influence of holm oak (Quercus ilex) trees with different defoliation degrees (six healthy, six affected and six dead) were incubated under two contrasting water regimes (i.e. drying-rewetting cycles vs. constant Soil moisture). Potential Soil C and N mineralization responded differently to water regimes, with an overall 55% increase in C mineralization and a 22% decrease in N mineralization in the drying-rewetting cycle treatment compared to the constant moisture treatment. Holm oak decline decreased the response of C mineralization while increased the response of N mineralization to the drying-rewetting cycles at both the short- and the long-term. Moreover, N turnover showed a higher sensitivity to these environmental changes than that of C during most of the year. Our study provides solid evidence that an intensification of the drying-rewetting regimes can result in a decoupling of Soil C and N cycles in Mediterranean forests and that forest die-off might enhance this decoupling at both the short- and the long-term, with important implications for the ecosystem functioning.
Lynne Boddy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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interactive effects of temperature and Soil moisture on fungal mediated wood decomposition and extracellular enzyme activity
Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2014Co-Authors: Donald A Abear, Hefin T Jones, Ellen Kandeler, Lynne BoddyAbstract:Heterotrophic Soil microbes regulate the rate-limiting step in Soil organic matter decomposition via the production of hydrolytic and oxidative extracellular enzymes. The influence of climate change on heterotrophic microbial activity remains poorly understood, not least in terms of the differential sensitivity of microbial functional groups to warming and altered precipitation regimes. Cord-forming basidiomycete fungi dominate primary decomposition in temperate Woodlands. We investigate the interactive influence of elevated temperature (3 °C), wetting and drying (6–9% increase and 5–6% decrease of Soil moisture, respectively) on saprotrophic basidiomycete-mediated beech (Fagus sylvatica) wood decomposition, as well as on hydrolytic (β-glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase, β-xylosidase, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, acid phosphatase and leucine aminopeptidase) and oxidative (peroxidase and phenoloxidase) enzyme potential activities, in Woodland Soil mesocosms. While drying decreased beech wood decomposition rate, warming resulted in an increased rate and compensated for the negative effect of drying. Moisture regulated the extracellular enzyme pool; all enzymes except leucine aminopeptidase had significantly greater potential activity under wetting than drying. Again, elevated temperature consistently compensated for the negative effect of drying, but did not increase extracellular enzyme potential activity, alone or in combination with wetting. This reflects microbial production (fungal biomass was not increased under these conditions) rather than in situ effects on enzyme kinetics. N-acetyl-glucosaminidase and acid phosphatase displayed differential responses to temperature and moisture in systems dominated by different fungi. Decomposer communities appear to be more functionally resilient to the combined effects of elevated temperature and altered moisture than is suggested based on the manipulation of single abiotic variables.
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contrasting effects of elevated temperature and invertebrate grazing regulate multispecies interactions between decomposer fungi
PLOS ONE, 2013Co-Authors: Donald A A Bear, Lynne Boddy, William Murray, Rachel Webb, Hefin T JonesAbstract:Predicting the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on species interactions and ecosystem processes is among the primary aims of community ecologists. The composition of saprotrophic fungal communities is a consequence of competitive mycelial interactions, and a major determinant of Woodland decomposition and nutrient cycling rates. Elevation of atmospheric temperature is predicted to drive changes in fungal community development. Top-down regulation of mycelial growth is an important determinant of, and moderator of temperature-driven changes to, two-species interaction outcomes. This study explores the interactive effects of a 4 °C temperature increase and Soil invertebrate (collembola or woodlice) grazing on multispecies interactions between cord-forming basidiomycete fungi emerging from colonised beech (Fagus sylvatica) wood blocks. The fungal dominance hierarchy at ambient temperature (16 °C; Phanerochaete velutina > Resinicium bicolor > Hypholoma fasciculare) was altered by elevated temperature (20 °C; R. bicolor > P. velutina > H. fasciculare) in ungrazed systems. Warming promoted the competitive ability of the fungal species (R. bicolor) that was preferentially grazed by all invertebrate species. As a consequence, grazing prevented the effect of temperature on fungal community development and maintained a multispecies assemblage. Decomposition of fungal-colonised wood was stimulated by warming, with implications for increased CO2 efflux from Woodland Soil. Analogous to aboveground plant communities, increasing complexity of biotic and abiotic interactions appears to be important in buffering climate change effects on Soil decomposers.
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translocation of 32p between wood resources recently colonised by mycelial cord systems of phanerochaete velutina
FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 1994Co-Authors: C L Hughes, Lynne BoddyAbstract:The basidiomycete fungus Phanerochaete velutina was inoculated centrally into trays of compressed, non-sterile Woodland Soil on precolonised 1 cm3 beech wood blocks. Mycelial systems developed from this and colonised two ‘baits’ (wood blocks or inert plastic controls), one on either side of the inoculum block. 32P-orthophosphate was supplied to a bait and its appearance in the other bait was monitored non-destructively with time, and destructively by liquid scintillation counting 60 or 70 days after addition of the radioisotope. Phosphorus was taken up by the first bait, translocated back to the inoculum block and onwards to the second bait. When the second bait was added 10 days after the first, translocation to the former was much more rapid indicating a large demand for phosphorus during early stages of colonisation. The size of the bait to which the 32P was added appeared to determine the amount taken up by the whole system, and the size of the second bait determined how much 32P was translocated to it. Decayed and/or small baits had less demand for phosphorous. The ecological relevance of these findings is discussed.
Mark Farrell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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microbial community structure mediates response of Soil c decomposition to litter addition and warming
Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2015Co-Authors: Courtney A Creamer, Alexandre B De Menezes, Evelyn S Krull, Jonathan Sanderman, Rosa Newtonwalters, Mark FarrellAbstract:Abstract Microbial activity has been highlighted as one of the main unknowns controlling the fate and turnover of Soil organic matter (SOM) in response to climate change. How microbial community structure and function may (or may not) interact with increasing temperature to impact the fate and turnover of SOM, in particular when combined with changes in litter chemistry, is not well understood. The primary aim of this study was to determine if litter chemistry impacted the decomposition of Soil and litter-derived carbon (C), and its interaction with temperature, and whether this response was controlled by microbial community structure and function. Fresh or pre-incubated eucalyptus leaf litter ( 13 C enriched) was added to a Woodland Soil and incubated at 12, 22, or 32 °C. We tracked the movement of litter and Soil-derived C into CO 2 , water-extractable organic carbon (WEOC), and microbial phospholipids (PLFA). The litter additions produced significant changes in every parameter measured, while temperature, interacting with litter chemistry, predominately affected Soil C respiration (priming and temperature sensitivity), microbial community structure, and the metabolic quotient (a proxy for microbial carbon use efficiency [CUE]). The direction of priming varied with the litter additions (negative with fresh litter, positive with pre-incubated litter) and was related to differences in the composition of microbial communities degrading Soil-C, particularly gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, resulting from litter addition. Soil-C decomposition in both litter treatments was more temperature sensitive (higher Q 10 ) than in the Soil-only control, and Soil-C priming became increasingly positive with temperature. However, microbes utilizing Soil-C in the litter treatments had higher CUE, suggesting the longer-term stability of Soil-C may be increased at higher temperature with litter addition. Our results show that in the same Soil, the growth of distinct microbial communities can alter the turnover and fate of SOM and, in the context of global change, its response to temperature.
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microbial community structure mediates response of Soil c decomposition to litter addition and warming
Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2015Co-Authors: Courtney A Creamer, Alexandre B De Menezes, Evelyn S Krull, Jonathan Sanderman, Rosa Newtonwalters, Mark FarrellAbstract:Abstract Microbial activity has been highlighted as one of the main unknowns controlling the fate and turnover of Soil organic matter (SOM) in response to climate change. How microbial community structure and function may (or may not) interact with increasing temperature to impact the fate and turnover of SOM, in particular when combined with changes in litter chemistry, is not well understood. The primary aim of this study was to determine if litter chemistry impacted the decomposition of Soil and litter-derived carbon (C), and its interaction with temperature, and whether this response was controlled by microbial community structure and function. Fresh or pre-incubated eucalyptus leaf litter ( 13 C enriched) was added to a Woodland Soil and incubated at 12, 22, or 32 °C. We tracked the movement of litter and Soil-derived C into CO 2 , water-extractable organic carbon (WEOC), and microbial phospholipids (PLFA). The litter additions produced significant changes in every parameter measured, while temperature, interacting with litter chemistry, predominately affected Soil C respiration (priming and temperature sensitivity), microbial community structure, and the metabolic quotient (a proxy for microbial carbon use efficiency [CUE]). The direction of priming varied with the litter additions (negative with fresh litter, positive with pre-incubated litter) and was related to differences in the composition of microbial communities degrading Soil-C, particularly gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, resulting from litter addition. Soil-C decomposition in both litter treatments was more temperature sensitive (higher Q 10 ) than in the Soil-only control, and Soil-C priming became increasingly positive with temperature. However, microbes utilizing Soil-C in the litter treatments had higher CUE, suggesting the longer-term stability of Soil-C may be increased at higher temperature with litter addition. Our results show that in the same Soil, the growth of distinct microbial communities can alter the turnover and fate of SOM and, in the context of global change, its response to temperature.
Donald A Abear - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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interactive effects of temperature and Soil moisture on fungal mediated wood decomposition and extracellular enzyme activity
Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2014Co-Authors: Donald A Abear, Hefin T Jones, Ellen Kandeler, Lynne BoddyAbstract:Heterotrophic Soil microbes regulate the rate-limiting step in Soil organic matter decomposition via the production of hydrolytic and oxidative extracellular enzymes. The influence of climate change on heterotrophic microbial activity remains poorly understood, not least in terms of the differential sensitivity of microbial functional groups to warming and altered precipitation regimes. Cord-forming basidiomycete fungi dominate primary decomposition in temperate Woodlands. We investigate the interactive influence of elevated temperature (3 °C), wetting and drying (6–9% increase and 5–6% decrease of Soil moisture, respectively) on saprotrophic basidiomycete-mediated beech (Fagus sylvatica) wood decomposition, as well as on hydrolytic (β-glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase, β-xylosidase, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, acid phosphatase and leucine aminopeptidase) and oxidative (peroxidase and phenoloxidase) enzyme potential activities, in Woodland Soil mesocosms. While drying decreased beech wood decomposition rate, warming resulted in an increased rate and compensated for the negative effect of drying. Moisture regulated the extracellular enzyme pool; all enzymes except leucine aminopeptidase had significantly greater potential activity under wetting than drying. Again, elevated temperature consistently compensated for the negative effect of drying, but did not increase extracellular enzyme potential activity, alone or in combination with wetting. This reflects microbial production (fungal biomass was not increased under these conditions) rather than in situ effects on enzyme kinetics. N-acetyl-glucosaminidase and acid phosphatase displayed differential responses to temperature and moisture in systems dominated by different fungi. Decomposer communities appear to be more functionally resilient to the combined effects of elevated temperature and altered moisture than is suggested based on the manipulation of single abiotic variables.
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impacts of grazing Soil fauna on decomposer fungi are species specific and density dependent
Fungal Ecology, 2012Co-Authors: Thomas W Crowther, Donald A AbearAbstract:Abstract The grazing impacts of different densities of woodlice, collembola and millipedes on the foraging and distribution of two saprotrophic cord-forming basidiomycetes were investigated in Soil microcosms. Effects of all three invertebrate species were density-dependent, with larger populations limiting mycelial development to a greater extent. Impacts were, however, species-specific; grazing pressures exerted by low-density woodlouse populations outweighed those of high-density millipede or collembola populations. The varying abilities of Soil invertebrates to influence mycelial foraging and distribution indicate that invertebrate species composition and diversity may be key factors regulating saprotrophic basidiomycete functioning in Woodland Soil.
Hefin T Jones - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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interactive effects of temperature and Soil moisture on fungal mediated wood decomposition and extracellular enzyme activity
Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2014Co-Authors: Donald A Abear, Hefin T Jones, Ellen Kandeler, Lynne BoddyAbstract:Heterotrophic Soil microbes regulate the rate-limiting step in Soil organic matter decomposition via the production of hydrolytic and oxidative extracellular enzymes. The influence of climate change on heterotrophic microbial activity remains poorly understood, not least in terms of the differential sensitivity of microbial functional groups to warming and altered precipitation regimes. Cord-forming basidiomycete fungi dominate primary decomposition in temperate Woodlands. We investigate the interactive influence of elevated temperature (3 °C), wetting and drying (6–9% increase and 5–6% decrease of Soil moisture, respectively) on saprotrophic basidiomycete-mediated beech (Fagus sylvatica) wood decomposition, as well as on hydrolytic (β-glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase, β-xylosidase, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, acid phosphatase and leucine aminopeptidase) and oxidative (peroxidase and phenoloxidase) enzyme potential activities, in Woodland Soil mesocosms. While drying decreased beech wood decomposition rate, warming resulted in an increased rate and compensated for the negative effect of drying. Moisture regulated the extracellular enzyme pool; all enzymes except leucine aminopeptidase had significantly greater potential activity under wetting than drying. Again, elevated temperature consistently compensated for the negative effect of drying, but did not increase extracellular enzyme potential activity, alone or in combination with wetting. This reflects microbial production (fungal biomass was not increased under these conditions) rather than in situ effects on enzyme kinetics. N-acetyl-glucosaminidase and acid phosphatase displayed differential responses to temperature and moisture in systems dominated by different fungi. Decomposer communities appear to be more functionally resilient to the combined effects of elevated temperature and altered moisture than is suggested based on the manipulation of single abiotic variables.
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contrasting effects of elevated temperature and invertebrate grazing regulate multispecies interactions between decomposer fungi
PLOS ONE, 2013Co-Authors: Donald A A Bear, Lynne Boddy, William Murray, Rachel Webb, Hefin T JonesAbstract:Predicting the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on species interactions and ecosystem processes is among the primary aims of community ecologists. The composition of saprotrophic fungal communities is a consequence of competitive mycelial interactions, and a major determinant of Woodland decomposition and nutrient cycling rates. Elevation of atmospheric temperature is predicted to drive changes in fungal community development. Top-down regulation of mycelial growth is an important determinant of, and moderator of temperature-driven changes to, two-species interaction outcomes. This study explores the interactive effects of a 4 °C temperature increase and Soil invertebrate (collembola or woodlice) grazing on multispecies interactions between cord-forming basidiomycete fungi emerging from colonised beech (Fagus sylvatica) wood blocks. The fungal dominance hierarchy at ambient temperature (16 °C; Phanerochaete velutina > Resinicium bicolor > Hypholoma fasciculare) was altered by elevated temperature (20 °C; R. bicolor > P. velutina > H. fasciculare) in ungrazed systems. Warming promoted the competitive ability of the fungal species (R. bicolor) that was preferentially grazed by all invertebrate species. As a consequence, grazing prevented the effect of temperature on fungal community development and maintained a multispecies assemblage. Decomposition of fungal-colonised wood was stimulated by warming, with implications for increased CO2 efflux from Woodland Soil. Analogous to aboveground plant communities, increasing complexity of biotic and abiotic interactions appears to be important in buffering climate change effects on Soil decomposers.
