The Experts below are selected from a list of 38241 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
David I King - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of invasive Woody Plants on avian nest site selection and nesting success in shrublands
2010Co-Authors: S Schlossberg, David I KingAbstract:Exotic, invasive Plants are a growing conservation problem. Birds frequently use invasive Plants as nest substrates, but effects of invasives on avian nesting success have been equivocal in past studies. In 2004 and 2005, we assessed effects of invasive Woody Plants on avian nest-site selection and nesting success in western Massachusetts shrublands. At the nest scale, we tested the effects of invasive versus native substrates on nesting success as well as differences among individual invasive species. At the patch scale, we tested effects of invasive prevalence on nesting success in natives and invasives. We found that, as a whole, shrubland birds preferred invasive substrates. Of two species sufficiently abundant for individual analysis, gray catbirds Dumetella carolinensis preferred invasive substrates, but chestnut-sided warblers Dendroica pensylvanica showed no preference for natives or invasives. At the nest scale, nests of gray catbirds placed in invasive substrates were more successful than those in natives. Chestnut-sided warblers and all species combined, however, had equal nest success in invasives and natives. We found no differences in nest success for nests in different species of invasive substrates or in invasive substrates with and without thorns. At the scale of the patch, nest success in invasive substrates increased with the prevalence of invasives on a site. Nest success in native Plants did not change with invasive prevalence. We attribute this finding to the tendency for thickets of invasive Plants to be larger on sites with more invasive cover. These findings illustrate the complex interaction of different factors that can determine how invasive Plants affect avian nesting success. We conclude that control of invasive Woody Plants should be neutral for most shrubland birds.
Anna Traveset - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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annual variability in seed production by Woody Plants and the masting concept reassessment of principles and relationship to pollination and seed dispersal
1998Co-Authors: Carlos M Herrera, Pedro Jordano, Javier Guitian, Anna TravesetAbstract:ABSTRACT By analyzing 296 published and unpublished data sets describing annual variation in seed output by 144 species of Woody Plants, this article addresses the following questions. Do plant species naturally fall into distinct groups corresponding to masting and nonmasting habits? Do plant populations generally exhibit significant bimodality in annual seed output? Are there significant relationships between annual variability in seed production and pollination and seed dispersal modes, as predicted from economy of scale considerations? We failed to identify distinct groups of species with contrasting levels of annual variability in seed output but did find evidence that most polycarpic Woody Plants seem to adhere to alternating supra‐annual schedules consisting of either high or low reproduction years. Seed production was weakly more variable among wind‐pollinated taxa than animal‐pollinated ones. Plants dispersed by mutualistic frugivores were less variable than those dispersed by either inanimate me...
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annual variability in seed production by Woody Plants and the masting concept reassessment of principles and relationship to pollination and seed dispersal
1998Co-Authors: Carlos M Herrera, Pedro Jordano, Javier Guitian, Anna TravesetAbstract:By analyzing 296 published and unpublished data sets describing annual variation in seed output by 144 species of Woody Plants, this article addresses the following questions. Do plant species naturally fall into distinct groups corresponding to masting and nonmasting habits? Do plant populations generally exhibit significant bimodality in annual seed output? Are there significant relationships between annual variability in seed production and pollination and seed dispersal modes, as predicted from economy of scale considerations? We failed to identify distinct groups of species with contrasting levels of annual variability in seed output but did find evidence that most polycarpic Woody Plants seem to adhere to alternating supra-annual schedules consisting of either high or low reproduction years. Seed production was weakly more variable among wind-pollinated taxa than animal-pollinated ones. Plants dispersed by mutualistic frugivores were less variable than those dispersed by either inanimate means or animals that predominantly behave as seed predators. We conclude that there are no objective reasons to perpetuate the concept of mast fruiting in the ecological literature as a shorthand to designate a distinct biological phenomenon. Associations between supra-annual variability in seed output and pollination and seed dispersal methods suggest the existence of important reproductive correlates that demand further investigation.
Timothy M Bleby - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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an improved heat pulse method to measure low and reverse rates of sap flow in Woody Plants
2001Co-Authors: Stephen S O Burgess, Mark A Adams, Neil C Turner, Craig R Beverly, Chin K Ong, Ahmed A H Khan, Timothy M BlebyAbstract:The compensation heat pulse method (CHPM) is of limited value for measuring low rates of sap flow in Woody Plants. Recent application of the CHPM to Woody roots has further illustrated some of the constraints of this technique. Here we present an improved heat pulse method, termed the heat ratio method (HRM), to measure low and reverse rates of sap flow in Woody Plants. The HRM has several important advantages over the CHPM, including improved measurement range and resolution, protocols to correct for physical and thermal errors in sensor deployment, and a simple linear function to describe wound effects. We describe the theory and methodological protocols of the HRM, provide wound correction coefficients, and validate the reliability and accuracy of the technique against gravimetric measurements of transpiration.
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measurement of sap flow in roots of Woody Plants a commentary
2000Co-Authors: Stephen S O Burgess, Mark A Adams, Timothy M BlebyAbstract:Measurements of sap flow in roots have recently been used to study patterns of resource acquisition by Woody Plants; however, the various thermometric methods employed have yielded disparate findings. These findings may be harmonized by accounting for the phenomenon of reverse sap flow in roots. We suggest that only methods capable of measuring slow and reverse rates of flow and that do not require assumptions of zero flow during the night are applicable to studies with roots. The heat ratio method and the constant power heat balance method fit these criteria, whereas the constant temperature heat balance, compensation heat pulse and thermal dissipation methods do not.
Bruce G. Williamson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Table 1 -Supplemental material for Composition and Diversity of Woody Plants in Tree Plantations Versus Secondary Forests in Costa Rican Lowlands
2018Co-Authors: Benjamin J. Longworth, Bruce G. WilliamsonAbstract:Supplemental material, Table 1 for Composition and Diversity of Woody Plants in Tree Plantations Versus Secondary Forests in Costa Rican Lowlands by J. Benjamin Longworth and G. Bruce Williamson in Tropical Conservation Science
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Tables 3-4 -Supplemental material for Composition and Diversity of Woody Plants in Tree Plantations Versus Secondary Forests in Costa Rican Lowlands
2018Co-Authors: Benjamin J. Longworth, Bruce G. WilliamsonAbstract:Supplemental material, Tables 3-4 for Composition and Diversity of Woody Plants in Tree Plantations Versus Secondary Forests in Costa Rican Lowlands by J. Benjamin Longworth and G. Bruce Williamson in Tropical Conservation Science
Natalia Kirichenko - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Invasive leafminers on Woody Plants: a global review of pathways, impact, and management
2019Co-Authors: Natalia Kirichenko, Sylvie Augustin, Marc KenisAbstract:Leafminers are a taxonomically diverse group of endophagous insects. A number of them are pests in forestry, horticulture and agriculture, and some of them have become important invasive species. Here, we discuss the characteristics of invasive leafminers of Woody Plants. We first present 12 cases of invasive leaf-mining species belonging to four different insect orders. For each of them, we briefly describe their invasion, including pathways of introduction, their impact and management methods and their ecology. We then discuss various aspects of these invasions. Leafminers are introduced to new continents and spread through various pathways such as horticultural trade and accidental transport of adults and pre-imaginal stages in containers and vehicles. They may also spread long distances with air currents. A few species have serious economic impacts as orchard pests, such as the citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella , or as pests of ornamental Plants, such as the horse-chestnut leafminer, Cameraria ohridella . The ecological impact of these species should be better studied, especially those killing native trees, such as the birch leaf-mining weevil, Orchestes fagi , in Canada. Compared to other insect groups, invasive leafminers are usually recruited by a range of native parasitoids, which may or may not succeed in controlling the invasive species. Biological control by introduction of parasitoids from the native range has often been successful to control invasive leafminers. The review ends by short discussions on taxonomic issues and on the use of leafminers as models to study invasion ecology.
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Using a botanical garden to assess factors influencing the colonization of exotic Woody Plants by phyllophagous insects
2016Co-Authors: Natalia Kirichenko, M. KenisAbstract:The adoption of exotic Plants by indigenous herbivores in the region of introduction can be influenced by numerous factors. A botanical garden in Western Siberia was used to test various hypotheses on the adaptation of indigenous phyllophagous insects to exotic Plants invasions, focusing on two feeding guilds, external leaf chewers and leaf miners. A total of 150 indigenous and exotic Woody plant species were surveyed for insect damage, abundance and species richness. First, exotic Woody Plants were much less damaged by chewers and leaf miners than native Plants, and the leaf miners’ species richness was much lower on exotic than native Plants. Second, exotic Woody Plants having a congeneric species in the region of introduction were more damaged by chewers and hosted a more abundant and species-rich community of leaf miners than Plants without native congeneric species. Third, damage by chewers significantly increased with the frequency of planting of exotic host Plants outside the botanical garden, and leaf miners’ abundance and species richness significantly increased with residence time in the garden. Finally, no significant relationship was found between insect damage or abundance and the origin of the exotic Plants. Besides the ecological implications of the results, this study also illustrates the potential of botanical gardens to test ecological hypotheses on biological invasions and insect–plant interactions on a large set of plant species.
