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Peter Butterworth - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Workplace Bullying and the association with suicidal ideation thoughts and behaviour a systematic review
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2017Co-Authors: Liana S Leach, Carmel Poyser, Peter ButterworthAbstract:The established links between Workplace Bullying and poor mental health provide a prima facie reason to expect that Workplace Bullying increases the risk of suicidal ideation (thoughts) and behaviours. Until now, there has been no systematic summary of the available evidence. This systematic review summarises published studies reporting data on Workplace Bullying and suicidal ideation, or behaviour. The review sought to ascertain the nature of this association and highlight future research directions. 5 electronic databases were searched. 2 reviewers independently selected the articles for inclusion, and extracted information about study characteristics (sample, recruitment method, assessment and measures) and data reporting the association of Workplace Bullying with suicidal ideation and behaviour. 12 studies were included in the final review-8 reported estimates of a positive association between Workplace Bullying and suicidal ideation, and a further 4 provided descriptive information about the prevalence of suicidal ideation in targets of Bullying. Only 1 non-representative cross-sectional study examined the association between Workplace Bullying and suicidal behaviour. The results show an absence of high-quality epidemiological studies (eg, prospective cohort studies, which controlled for Workplace characteristics and baseline psychiatric morbidity). While the available literature (predominantly cross-sectional) suggests that there is a positive association between Workplace Bullying and suicidal ideation, the low quality of studies prevents ruling out alternative explanations. Further longitudinal, population-based research, adjusting for potential covariates (within and outside the Workplace), is needed to determine the level of risk that Workplace Bullying independently contributes to suicidal ideation and behaviour.
Stale Einarsen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Workplace Bullying as an antecedent of mental health problems: a five-year prospective and representative study
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 2015Co-Authors: Stale Einarsen, Morten Birkeland NielsenAbstract:Purpose The present study investigates the proposed long-term relationship between exposure to Workplace Bullying and subsequent mental health in the form of anxiety and depression with a time lag of 5 years, exploring potential gender differences in these relationships. Methods The study employs a prospective design with a 5-year time lag in a representative sample of the Norwegian workforce. A cohort of 1,613 employees reported on their exposure to Workplace Bullying and their symptoms of anxiety and depression at both measurement times. Results The results showed exposure to Workplace Bullying to be a significant predictor of mental health problems 5 years on, even after controlling for baseline mental health status, gender, age, job-change, job demands and job control, yet for men only. Baseline levels of mental health problems in terms of symptoms of anxiety and depression did not predict subsequent exposure to Bullying at follow-up among women, but anxiety did in the case of men. Conclusion Workplace Bullying poses a serious long-term threat to the health and well-being of workers, at least for men. The results of the study pinpoint the need for mental health treatment as well as for preventive measures in relation to Workplace Bullying, and pinpoint the need for a gender perspective in these studies.
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Workplace Bullying as an antecedent of mental health problems a five year prospective and representative study
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 2015Co-Authors: Stale Einarsen, Morten Birkeland NielsenAbstract:The present study investigates the proposed long-term relationship between exposure to Workplace Bullying and subsequent mental health in the form of anxiety and depression with a time lag of 5 years, exploring potential gender differences in these relationships. The study employs a prospective design with a 5-year time lag in a representative sample of the Norwegian workforce. A cohort of 1,613 employees reported on their exposure to Workplace Bullying and their symptoms of anxiety and depression at both measurement times. The results showed exposure to Workplace Bullying to be a significant predictor of mental health problems 5 years on, even after controlling for baseline mental health status, gender, age, job-change, job demands and job control, yet for men only. Baseline levels of mental health problems in terms of symptoms of anxiety and depression did not predict subsequent exposure to Bullying at follow-up among women, but anxiety did in the case of men. Workplace Bullying poses a serious long-term threat to the health and well-being of workers, at least for men. The results of the study pinpoint the need for mental health treatment as well as for preventive measures in relation to Workplace Bullying, and pinpoint the need for a gender perspective in these studies.
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outcomes of exposure to Workplace Bullying a meta analytic review
Work & Stress, 2012Co-Authors: Morten Birkeland Nielsen, Stale EinarsenAbstract:Abstract This paper reports results from two meta-analyses of the potential individual-level outcomes of exposure to Workplace Bullying. After introducing a theoretical framework for the possible relationships between Bullying and outcomes, Study 1 summarizes 137 cross-sectional effect sizes from 66 independent samples (N=77,721). The findings show that exposure to Bullying is associated with both job-related and health- and well-being-related outcomes, such as mental and physical health problems, symptoms of post-traumatic stress, burnout, increased intentions to leave, and reduced job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Non-significant or weak associations were established for absenteeism, performance, self-perceptions, and sleep. Study 2 examines longitudinal relationships between Bullying and mental health and absenteeism, respectively. Based on prospective associations from 13 samples (N=62,916), Workplace Bullying influenced mental health problems over time, while baseline mental health prob...
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longitudinal relationships between Workplace Bullying and psychological distress
Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health, 2012Co-Authors: Morten Birkeland Nielsen, Stig Berge Matthiesen, Jorn Hetland, Stale EinarsenAbstract:Objectives: The aims of this study were to examine reciprocal longitudinal associations between exposure to Workplace Bullying and symptoms of psychological distress and to investigate how self-labeled victimization from Bullying explains the effects of Bullying on health.Methods: Logistic regression analysis was employed to examine the longitudinal relationships between Workplace Bullying and psychological distress in a representative cohort sample of 1775 Norwegian employees. The time-lag between baseline and follow-up was two years. Exposure to Bullying behavior was measured with the revised version of the Negative Acts Questionnaire. Perceived victimization from Bullying was measured by a single self-labeling question. Psychological distress was measured with the 25-item Hopkins Symptom Checklist. All variables were measured at both baseline and follow-up.Results: After adjustment for psychological distress at baseline, exposure to Bullying behavior [odds ratio (OR) 1.68, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.07-2.62) was found to predict subsequent psychological distress. This effect of Bullying behaviors disappeared when victimization from Bullying (OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.17-5.22) was entered into the regression. Both psychological distress (OR 2.49, 95% CI 1.64-3.80) and victimization (OR 2.61, 95% CI 1.42-4.81) at baseline were associated with increased risks of being a target of Bullying behaviors at follow-up. Psychological distress (OR 2.51, 95% CI 1.39-4.52) and Bullying behaviors (OR 2.95, 95% CI 1.39-4.52) at follow-up were associated with victimization.Conclusion: The mutual relationship between Bullying and psychological distress indicates a vicious circle where Bullying and distress reinforce their own negative effects. This highlights the importance of early interventions to stop Workplace Bullying and provide treatment options to employees with psychological distress.
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the relationship between supervisor personality supervisors perceived stress and Workplace Bullying
Journal of Business Ethics, 2011Co-Authors: Gro Ellen Mathisen, Stale Einarsen, Reidar J MykletunAbstract:This study investigated the relationship between supervisor personality and subordinate reports of exposure to Bullying and harassment at work. Three research questions were examined: (a) Is there a direct relationship between supervisor personality and reports of Workplace Bullying? (b) Is there an interaction between supervisor personality and supervisors’ perceived stress as predictors of Workplace Bullying? (c) Will subordinates who experience Bullying at their Workplace rate their supervisor’s personality more negatively (negative halo effect)? The sample consisted of 207 supervisors and employees within 70 Norwegian restaurants. Supervisors low on conscientiousness, high on neuroticism and portraying high levels of exposure to stress were the subject of significantly more reports from subordinates of exposure to Workplace Bullying. An interaction between agreeableness and stress was found showing that agreeableness is related to Bullying under low levels of stress. In addition, subordinates who perceived their supervisor as being low on agreeableness and high on introversion reported significantly more Workplace Bullying, supporting a negative halo effect hypothesis.
Morten Birkeland Nielsen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Workplace Bullying, mental distress, and sickness absence: the protective role of social support
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 2019Co-Authors: Morten Birkeland Nielsen, Live Bakke Finne, Jan Olav Christensen, Stein KnardahlAbstract:Purpose This study examined the protective effects of supervisor, colleague, and non-work-related social support on the associations between Workplace Bullying, mental distress, and medically certified sickness absence. We hypothesized that social support moderated the direct association between Workplace Bullying and mental distress as well as the indirect association between Bullying and sickness absence through mental distress. We also hypothesized that the protective effects of social support were stronger among women than among men.
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Workplace Bullying and sickness absence a systematic review and meta analysis of the research literature
Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health, 2016Co-Authors: Morten Birkeland Nielsen, Annemarthe Rustad Indregard, Simon OverlandAbstract:Objective The association between Workplace Bullying and sickness absence remains unclear. This paper presents a systematic review and meta-analysis of research on the association. Method We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published primary studies on Workplace Bullying and sickness absence. Studies based on prospective design or registry data on sickness absence were included. Cross-sectional studies with self-reported sickness absence were excluded. Results Seventeen primary studies were included in the review, sixteen originated from the Nordic countries and fifteen included registry data on sickness absence. All but one study found that exposure to Workplace Bullying was associated with increased risk of sickness absence. A meta-analysis of ten independent studies showed that exposure to Bullying increased the risk of sickness absence (odds ratio 1.58, 95% CI 1.39–1.79). Five studies included variables that moderated the association between Bullying and absenteeism. None of the studies included mediating variables. No studies examined sickness absence as a risk factor for later exposure to Bullying. Following the GRADE guidelines, the evidence for an association between Bullying and sickness absence is moderate. Conclusions Workplace Bullying is a risk factor for sickness absence, but the mechanisms to explain this relationship are not sufficiently described. It is unclear whether sickness absence predicts later exposure to Bullying. While, the methodological quality of the reviewed studies was high, the knowledge base is small. There is a need for more research on how and when Bullying is related to sickness absence and the possible bidirectional relationships involved.
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Workplace Bullying as an antecedent of mental health problems: a five-year prospective and representative study
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 2015Co-Authors: Stale Einarsen, Morten Birkeland NielsenAbstract:Purpose The present study investigates the proposed long-term relationship between exposure to Workplace Bullying and subsequent mental health in the form of anxiety and depression with a time lag of 5 years, exploring potential gender differences in these relationships. Methods The study employs a prospective design with a 5-year time lag in a representative sample of the Norwegian workforce. A cohort of 1,613 employees reported on their exposure to Workplace Bullying and their symptoms of anxiety and depression at both measurement times. Results The results showed exposure to Workplace Bullying to be a significant predictor of mental health problems 5 years on, even after controlling for baseline mental health status, gender, age, job-change, job demands and job control, yet for men only. Baseline levels of mental health problems in terms of symptoms of anxiety and depression did not predict subsequent exposure to Bullying at follow-up among women, but anxiety did in the case of men. Conclusion Workplace Bullying poses a serious long-term threat to the health and well-being of workers, at least for men. The results of the study pinpoint the need for mental health treatment as well as for preventive measures in relation to Workplace Bullying, and pinpoint the need for a gender perspective in these studies.
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Workplace Bullying as an antecedent of mental health problems a five year prospective and representative study
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 2015Co-Authors: Stale Einarsen, Morten Birkeland NielsenAbstract:The present study investigates the proposed long-term relationship between exposure to Workplace Bullying and subsequent mental health in the form of anxiety and depression with a time lag of 5 years, exploring potential gender differences in these relationships. The study employs a prospective design with a 5-year time lag in a representative sample of the Norwegian workforce. A cohort of 1,613 employees reported on their exposure to Workplace Bullying and their symptoms of anxiety and depression at both measurement times. The results showed exposure to Workplace Bullying to be a significant predictor of mental health problems 5 years on, even after controlling for baseline mental health status, gender, age, job-change, job demands and job control, yet for men only. Baseline levels of mental health problems in terms of symptoms of anxiety and depression did not predict subsequent exposure to Bullying at follow-up among women, but anxiety did in the case of men. Workplace Bullying poses a serious long-term threat to the health and well-being of workers, at least for men. The results of the study pinpoint the need for mental health treatment as well as for preventive measures in relation to Workplace Bullying, and pinpoint the need for a gender perspective in these studies.
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outcomes of exposure to Workplace Bullying a meta analytic review
Work & Stress, 2012Co-Authors: Morten Birkeland Nielsen, Stale EinarsenAbstract:Abstract This paper reports results from two meta-analyses of the potential individual-level outcomes of exposure to Workplace Bullying. After introducing a theoretical framework for the possible relationships between Bullying and outcomes, Study 1 summarizes 137 cross-sectional effect sizes from 66 independent samples (N=77,721). The findings show that exposure to Bullying is associated with both job-related and health- and well-being-related outcomes, such as mental and physical health problems, symptoms of post-traumatic stress, burnout, increased intentions to leave, and reduced job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Non-significant or weak associations were established for absenteeism, performance, self-perceptions, and sleep. Study 2 examines longitudinal relationships between Bullying and mental health and absenteeism, respectively. Based on prospective associations from 13 samples (N=62,916), Workplace Bullying influenced mental health problems over time, while baseline mental health prob...
Jussi Vahtera - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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onset of Workplace Bullying and risk of weight gain a multicohort longitudinal study
Obesity, 2020Co-Authors: Linda Magnusson L Hanson, Alice Jessie Clark, Annette Kjaer Ersboll, Hugo Westerlund, Ida E H Madsen, Reiner Rugulies, Jaana Pentti, Sari Stenholm, Jussi VahteraAbstract:OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the onset of Workplace Bullying as a risk factor for BMI increase. METHODS Repeated biennial survey data from three Nordic cohort studies were used, totaling 46,148 participants (67,337 participant observations) aged between 18 and 65 who did not have obesity and who were not bullied at the baseline. Multinomial logistic regression was applied for the analysis under the framework of generalized estimating equations. RESULTS Five percent reported onset of Workplace Bullying within 2 years from the baseline. In confounder-adjusted models, onset of Workplace Bullying was associated with a higher risk of weight gain of ≥ 1 BMI unit (odds ratio = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.01-1.19) and of ≥ 2.5 BMI units (odds ratio = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.06-1.45). A dose-response pattern was observed, and those exposed to Workplace Bullying more frequently showed a higher risk (Ptrend = 0.04). The association was robust to adjustments, restrictions, stratifications, and use of relative/absolute scales for BMI change. CONCLUSIONS Participants with exposure to the onset of Workplace Bullying were more likely to gain weight, a possible pathway linking Workplace Bullying to increased long-term risk of type 2 diabetes.
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Workplace Bullying and the risk of cardiovascular disease and depression
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2003Co-Authors: Mika Kivimaki, Jussi Vahtera, Marko Elovainio, Marianna Virtanen, Maarit Vartia, Liisa KeltikangasjarvinenAbstract:Aims: To examine exposure to Workplace Bullying as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and depression in employees. Methods: Logistic regression models were related to prospective data from two surveys in a cohort of 5432 hospital employees (601 men and 4831 women), aged 18–63 years. Outcomes were new reports of doctor diagnosed cardiovascular disease and depression during the two year follow up among those who were free from these diseases at baseline. Results: The prevalence of Bullying was 5% in the first survey and 6% in the second survey. Two per cent reported Bullying experiences in both surveys, an indication of prolonged Bullying. After adjustment for sex, age, and income, the odds ratio of incident cardiovascular disease for victims of prolonged Bullying compared to non-bullied employees was 2.3 (95% CI 1.2 to 4.6). A further adjustment for overweight at baseline attenuated the odds ratio to 1.6 (95% CI 0.8 to 3.5). The association between prolonged Bullying and incident depression was significant, even after these adjustments (odds ratio 4.2, 95% CI 2.0 to 8.6). Conclusions: A strong association between Workplace Bullying and subsequent depression suggests that Bullying is an aetiological factor for mental health problems. The victims of Bullying also seem to be at greater risk of cardiovascular disease, but this risk may partly be attributable to overweight.
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Workplace Bullying and sickness absence in hospital staff
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2000Co-Authors: Mika Kivimaki, Marko Elovainio, Jussi VahteraAbstract:Objectives—In the past, evidence on the negative consequences of Workplace Bullying has been limited to cross sectional studies of self reported Bullying. In this study, these consequences were examined prospectively by focusing on sickness absence in hospital staV. Methods—The Poisson regression analyses of medically certified spells (>4 days) and self certified spells (1‐3 days) of sickness absence, relating to Bullying and other predictors of health, were based on a cohort of 674 male and 4981 female hospital employees aged 19‐63 years. Data on sickness absence were gathered from employers’ registers. Bullying and other predictors of health were measured by a questionnaire survey. Results—302 (5%) of the employees reported being victims of Bullying. They did not diVer from the other employees in terms of sex, age, occupation, type of job contract, hours of work, income, smoking, alcohol consumption, or physical activity. Victims of Bullying had higher body mass and prevalence of chronic disease, and their rates of medically and self certified spells of sickness absence were 1.5 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.3 to 1.7) and 1.2 (1.1 to 1.4) times higher than those of the rest of the staV. The rate ratios remained significant after adjustment for demographic data, occupational background, behaviour involving risks to health, baseline health status, and sickness absence. Conclusion—Workplace Bullying is associated with an increase in the sickness absenteeism of the hospital staV. Targets of Bullying seem not to belong to any distinct group with certain demographic characteristics or occupational background. (Occup Environ Med 2000;57:656‐660)
Simon Overland - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Workplace Bullying and sickness absence a systematic review and meta analysis of the research literature
Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health, 2016Co-Authors: Morten Birkeland Nielsen, Annemarthe Rustad Indregard, Simon OverlandAbstract:Objective The association between Workplace Bullying and sickness absence remains unclear. This paper presents a systematic review and meta-analysis of research on the association. Method We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published primary studies on Workplace Bullying and sickness absence. Studies based on prospective design or registry data on sickness absence were included. Cross-sectional studies with self-reported sickness absence were excluded. Results Seventeen primary studies were included in the review, sixteen originated from the Nordic countries and fifteen included registry data on sickness absence. All but one study found that exposure to Workplace Bullying was associated with increased risk of sickness absence. A meta-analysis of ten independent studies showed that exposure to Bullying increased the risk of sickness absence (odds ratio 1.58, 95% CI 1.39–1.79). Five studies included variables that moderated the association between Bullying and absenteeism. None of the studies included mediating variables. No studies examined sickness absence as a risk factor for later exposure to Bullying. Following the GRADE guidelines, the evidence for an association between Bullying and sickness absence is moderate. Conclusions Workplace Bullying is a risk factor for sickness absence, but the mechanisms to explain this relationship are not sufficiently described. It is unclear whether sickness absence predicts later exposure to Bullying. While, the methodological quality of the reviewed studies was high, the knowledge base is small. There is a need for more research on how and when Bullying is related to sickness absence and the possible bidirectional relationships involved.
