The Experts below are selected from a list of 77067 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Christine Reyna - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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bounded openness the effect of openness to experience on intolerance is moderated by target group conventionality
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2015Co-Authors: Mark Brandt, John R Chambers, Jarret T Crawford, Geoffrey Wetherell, Christine ReynaAbstract:Openness to experience is consistently associated with tolerance. We suggest that tests of the association between openness to experience and tolerance have heretofore been incomplete because they have primarily focused on prejudice toward unconventional target groups. We test (a) the individual difference perspective, which predicts that because people who are high in openness are more open to diverse and dissimilar people and ideas, they will express more tolerance than people who are low in openness and (b) the WorldView conflict perspective, which predicts that people high and low in openness will both be intolerant toward those with different WorldViews. Four studies, using both conventional and unconventional target groups, find support for an integrative perspective. People high in openness do appear more tolerant of diverse WorldViews compared with people low in openness; however, at the same time, people both high and low in openness are more intolerant of groups whose WorldViews conflict with their own. These findings highlight the need to consider how individual difference variables and features of the target groups may interact in important ways to influence the expression of prejudice.
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bounded openness the effect of openness to experience on intolerance is moderated by target group conventionality
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2015Co-Authors: Mark J Brandt, John R Chambers, Jarret T Crawford, Geoffrey Wetherell, Christine ReynaAbstract:Openness to experience is consistently associated with tolerance. We suggest that tests of the association between openness to experience and tolerance have heretofore been incomplete because they have primarily focused on prejudice toward unconventional target groups. We test (a) the individual difference perspective, which predicts that because people who are high in openness are more open to diverse and dissimilar people and ideas, they will express more tolerance than people who are low in openness and (b) the WorldView conflict perspective, which predicts that people high and low in openness will both be intolerant toward those with different WorldViews. Four studies, using both conventional and unconventional target groups, find support for an integrative perspective. People high in openness do appear more tolerant of diverse WorldViews compared with people low in openness; however, at the same time, people both high and low in openness are more intolerant of groups whose WorldViews conflict with their own. These findings highlight the need to consider how individual difference variables and features of the target groups may interact in important ways to influence the expression of prejudice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved)
Jamie L. Goldenberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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open to death a moderating role of openness to experience in terror management
Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 2017Co-Authors: Patrick Boyd, Kasey Lynn Morris, Jamie L. GoldenbergAbstract:Abstract Research on terror management theory demonstrates that people respond to reminders of mortality with defenses aimed at maintaining their self-esteem and defending cultural WorldViews. We posited that being open to experience should allow individuals to process death more receptively (i.e., with curiosity), attenuating the need to bolster self-esteem or defend WorldViews, because death is a novel experience. Across three studies, dispositional openness moderated reactions to mortality salience. Individuals low in openness to experience responded to mortality salience with increased self-esteem striving (Study 1) and WorldView defense (Study 2), and this functioned to decrease the subsequent availability of death-related thought (Study 2). Individuals high in openness to experience did not exhibit these same defense tendencies. Study 3 examined a possible mechanism for the attenuated effects observed among high openness individuals: increased curiosity in response to mortality salience was found to decrease WorldView defense, but only for those high in openness. Together this research depicts openness as a resource facilitating reduced defensiveness following mortality salience.
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attachment self esteem WorldViews and terror management evidence for a tripartite security system
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2005Co-Authors: Joshua Hart, Phillip R Shaver, Jamie L. GoldenbergAbstract:On the basis of prior work integrating attachment theory and terror management theory, the authors propose a model of a tripartite security system consisting of dynamically interrelated attachment, self-esteem, and WorldView processes. Four studies are presented that, combined with existing evidence, support the prediction derived from the model that threats to one component of the security system result in compensatory defensive activation of other components. Further, the authors predicted and found that individual differences in attachment style moderate the defenses. In Studies 1 and 2, attachment threats motivated WorldView defense among anxiously attached participants and motivated self-enhancement (especially among avoidant participants), effects similar to those caused by mortality salience. In Studies 3 and 4, a WorldView threat and a self-esteem threat caused attachment-related proximity seeking among fearful participants and avoidance of proximity among dismissing participants. The authors' model provides an overarching framework within which to study attachment, self-esteem, and WorldViews.
Jamie Arndt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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creative terror management creativity as a facilitator of cultural exploration after mortality salience
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2009Co-Authors: Clay Routledge, Jamie ArndtAbstract:Research indicates that people respond to the elicitation of death thoughts by dogmatically defending their cultural WorldViews. The current research examines the potential for conditions of creativity, a construct associated with open-mindedness, to promote a more explorative reaction to the threat of death thoughts. In Studies 1 and 2, thoughts of death or a control topic were activated and then participants engaged in either a creative or a control task. In Study 3, thoughts of death or a control topic were activated and then participants were presented with information suggesting that creativity is or is not culturally valued. After these conditions, social, intellectual, and environmental exploration (Study 1) and cultural WorldView exploration (Studies 2 and 3) were measured. Results indicated that both engaging in a creative task and being informed that creativity is culturally valued facilitated exploration in response to thinking about death. Conceptual and applied implications are discussed.
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the urge to splurge a terror management account of materialism and consumer behavior
Journal of Consumer Psychology, 2004Co-Authors: Jamie Arndt, Sheldon Solomon, Tim Kasser, Kennon M SheldonAbstract:This article presents terror management theory (TMT) as a way to understand how the human awareness of death affects materialism, conspicuous consumption, and consumer decisions. The pursuit of wealth and culturally desired commodities are hypothesized to reinforce those beliefs that function to protect people from existential anxieties. Following a brief overview of TMT and research, evidence is reviewed that explicates how intimations of mortality increase materialism as a way to enhance self-esteem and affects consumer decisions that support one's cultural WorldView. Adverse consequences of materialistic and consumeristic WorldViews are described and the challenges for future research to discover ways to alleviate them are considered.
Annick Hedlund-de Witt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pathways to environmental responsibility a qualitative exploration of the spiritual dimension of nature experience
Journal for The Study of Religion Nature and Culture, 2013Co-Authors: Annick Hedlund-de WittAbstract:This study aims to generate understanding into the spiritual dimension of nature experience and its relationship to environmental responsibility, as reported in interviews with nature-lovers/environmentalists and spiritual practitioners in Victoria, Canada. As the interviews demonstrate, seeing nature as imbued with meaning, intrinsic value, and/or the sacred seems to engender an increased sense of environmental responsibility. Simultaneously, a natural, evolutionary, this-worldly spirituality tends to lead to a ‘kinship with all life’ ethics. The spiritual nature experience was characterized by three key themes labeled presence, interconnectedness, and selfexpansion. Many participants explained that these experiences informed their WorldViews, senses of environmental responsibility, and sometimes career choices. The research thereby illuminates three pathways to a sense of environmental responsibility: profound encounters with nature, contemporary spirituality, and their convergence in spiritual nature experiences. Moreover, the results give an insider’s perspective into the WorldView of contemporary nature spirituality, which is claimed to be of increasing importance for sustainable development.
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Pathways to environmental responsibility: A qualitative exploration of the spiritual dimension of nature experience
Journal for The Study of Religion Nature and Culture, 2013Co-Authors: Annick Hedlund-de WittAbstract:This study aims to generate understanding into the spiritual dimension of nature experience and its relationship to environmental responsibility, as reported in interviews with nature-lovers/environmentalists and spiritual practitioners in Victoria, Canada. As the interviews demonstrate, seeing nature as imbued with meaning, intrinsic value, and/or the sacred seems to engender an increased sense of environmental responsibility. Simultaneously, a natural, evolutionary, this-worldly spirituality tends to lead to a 'kinship with all life' ethics. The spiritual nature experience was characterized by three key themes labeled presence, interconnectedness, and selfexpansion. Many participants explained that these experiences informed their WorldViews, senses of environmental responsibility, and sometimes career choices. The research thereby illuminates three pathways to a sense of environmental responsibility: profound encounters with nature, contemporary spirituality, and their convergence in spiritual nature experiences. Moreover, the results give an insider's perspective into the WorldView of contemporary nature spirituality, which is claimed to be of increasing importance for sustainable development. © Equinox Publishing Ltd 2013.
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WorldViews and their significance for the global sustainable development debate
Environmental Ethics, 2013Co-Authors: Annick Hedlund-de WittAbstract:Insight into WorldViews is essential for approaches aiming to design and support (more) sustainable pathways for society, both locally and globally. However, the nature of WorldViews remains controversial, and it is still unclear how the concept can best be operationalized in the context of research and practice. One way may be by developing a framework for the understanding and operationalization WorldViews by investigating various conceptualizations of the term in the history of philosophy. WorldViews can be understood as inescapable, overarching systems of meaning and meaning making that to a substantial extent inform how humans interpret, enact, and co-create reality. Moreover, WorldViews are profoundly historically and developmentally situated. An Integrative WorldView Framework (IWF) can operationalize WorldViews by differentiating five interrelated aspects: ontology, epistemology, axiology, anthropology, and societal vision. The evolution of the WorldView concept is suggestive of an increasing reflexivity, creativity, responsibility, and inclusiveness-each of which are qualities that appear to be crucial for the global sustainable development debate.
John T Jost - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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rediscovering tomkins polarity theory humanism normativism and the psychological basis of left right ideological conflict in the u s and sweden
PLOS ONE, 2020Co-Authors: Artur Nilsson, John T JostAbstract:According to Silvan Tomkins' polarity theory, ideological thought is universally structured by a clash between two opposing WorldViews. On the left, a humanistic WorldView seeks to uphold the intrinsic value of the person; on the right, a normative WorldView holds that human worth is contingent upon conformity to rules. In this article, we situate humanism and normativism within the context of contemporary models of political ideology as a function of motivated social cognition, beliefs about the social world, and personality traits. In four studies conducted in the U.S. and Sweden, normativism was robustly associated with rightist (or conservative) self-placement; conservative issue preferences; resistance to change and acceptance of inequality; right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation; system justification and its underlying epistemic and existential motives to reduce uncertainty and threat; and a lack of openness, emotionality, and honesty-humility. Humanism exhibited the opposite relations to most of these constructs, but it was largely unrelated to epistemic and existential needs. Humanism was strongly associated with preferences for equality, openness to change, and low levels of authoritarianism, social dominance, and general and economic system justification. We conclude that polarity theory possesses considerable potential to explain how conflicts between WorldViews shape contemporary politics.
