The Experts below are selected from a list of 294 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Ine Wouters - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Lap shear tests on repaired Wrought-Iron riveted connections
Engineering Structures, 2015Co-Authors: Quentin Collette, Stéphane Sire, Ine WoutersAbstract:Abstract Engineers assessing and strengthening the structural safety of 19th-century Wrought-Iron riveted connections need information on the materials applied, the riveting technology and the impact of remedial works. However, the structural impact of actual remedial works on Wrought-Iron riveted connections remains little known to this day. Therefore, a lap shear test campaign on single riveted single lap joints made of Wrought Iron was carried out. Both original and repaired riveted lap joints were designed, fabricated and tested. This paper reports on the ultimate shear behaviour of Wrought-Iron riveted connections and covers the effect of the quality of riveting. The shear tests showed that original riveted specimens failed in tension (plate net section failure). The repair intervention involving modern steel materials and techniques improved the ultimate shear behaviour significantly.
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experimental investigations on hot driven structural rivets in historical french and belgian Wrought Iron structures 1880s 1890s
Construction and Building Materials, 2014Co-Authors: Quentin Collette, Stéphane Sire, William J Vermes, Vernon J Mesler, Ine WoutersAbstract:Abstract When assessing the structural safety of historical metal structures, the understanding of the construction materials, their properties and modes of construction is a prior concern. Available information on historical riveted connections, however, is very limited. Analyzing the present state of these connections to better understand their actual structural behaviour is therefore essential. Through experimental work, we investigated the geometry and metallography of Wrought-Iron rivets dismantled from four bridges and buildings (1880s–1890s). The experimental results were then compared to historical literature. This paper reports the original design, manufacturing and installation of hot-driven rivets through four case studies and discusses the impact of these parameters on the behaviour of the connections. Results showed that the geometrical affinity of rivets together with their grain flow allow the original design and driving technique to be identified. The provided findings constitute supportive tools when assessing and renovating historical riveted structures.
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Experimental investigations on hot-driven structural rivets in historical French and Belgian Wrought-Iron structures (1880s–1890s)
Construction and Building Materials, 2014Co-Authors: Quentin Collette, Stéphane Sire, William J Vermes, Vernon J Mesler, Ine WoutersAbstract:Abstract When assessing the structural safety of historical metal structures, the understanding of the construction materials, their properties and modes of construction is a prior concern. Available information on historical riveted connections, however, is very limited. Analyzing the present state of these connections to better understand their actual structural behaviour is therefore essential. Through experimental work, we investigated the geometry and metallography of Wrought-Iron rivets dismantled from four bridges and buildings (1880s–1890s). The experimental results were then compared to historical literature. This paper reports the original design, manufacturing and installation of hot-driven rivets through four case studies and discusses the impact of these parameters on the behaviour of the connections. Results showed that the geometrical affinity of rivets together with their grain flow allow the original design and driving technique to be identified. The provided findings constitute supportive tools when assessing and renovating historical riveted structures.
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Towards A Non-destructive Methodology ToDistinguish Wrought Iron From Mild SteelIn 19th Century Structures
WIT Transactions on the Built Environment, 2011Co-Authors: Ine Wouters, I. De Graeve, D. Van De Velde, M. De Bouw, Quentin ColletteAbstract:During the 19 th century various new construction materials became available in a short time. This paper deals with the quest for a methodology to differentiate Wrought Iron from mild steel by using a combination of several onsite nondestructive testing instruments. A mobile Vickers hardness tester and an optical microscope were used to determine the hardness and analyze the microstructure after onsite polishing and nital etching of historic Wrought Iron and mild steel structures. The historic specimens were also tested in a destructive way (tensile test) to obtain values for the mechanical properties and relate these values to the NDT results. Although the hardness measurements showed very large scatter, a trend in the measurements could be defined: large variations in local hardness measurements are a clear indication of Wrought Iron, which can be explained by the inhomogeneous micro-structure. Low variation in hardness is typical for mild steel. In the latter case a conversion from hardness to tensile strength is possible. The obtained dataset, coming from different Belgian structures dating from 1895 to 1905, is compared to datasets originating from the UK and US in order to position the Belgian historical Iron alloys within a larger international context.
Quentin Collette - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Lap shear tests on repaired Wrought-Iron riveted connections
Engineering Structures, 2015Co-Authors: Quentin Collette, Stéphane Sire, Ine WoutersAbstract:Abstract Engineers assessing and strengthening the structural safety of 19th-century Wrought-Iron riveted connections need information on the materials applied, the riveting technology and the impact of remedial works. However, the structural impact of actual remedial works on Wrought-Iron riveted connections remains little known to this day. Therefore, a lap shear test campaign on single riveted single lap joints made of Wrought Iron was carried out. Both original and repaired riveted lap joints were designed, fabricated and tested. This paper reports on the ultimate shear behaviour of Wrought-Iron riveted connections and covers the effect of the quality of riveting. The shear tests showed that original riveted specimens failed in tension (plate net section failure). The repair intervention involving modern steel materials and techniques improved the ultimate shear behaviour significantly.
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experimental investigations on hot driven structural rivets in historical french and belgian Wrought Iron structures 1880s 1890s
Construction and Building Materials, 2014Co-Authors: Quentin Collette, Stéphane Sire, William J Vermes, Vernon J Mesler, Ine WoutersAbstract:Abstract When assessing the structural safety of historical metal structures, the understanding of the construction materials, their properties and modes of construction is a prior concern. Available information on historical riveted connections, however, is very limited. Analyzing the present state of these connections to better understand their actual structural behaviour is therefore essential. Through experimental work, we investigated the geometry and metallography of Wrought-Iron rivets dismantled from four bridges and buildings (1880s–1890s). The experimental results were then compared to historical literature. This paper reports the original design, manufacturing and installation of hot-driven rivets through four case studies and discusses the impact of these parameters on the behaviour of the connections. Results showed that the geometrical affinity of rivets together with their grain flow allow the original design and driving technique to be identified. The provided findings constitute supportive tools when assessing and renovating historical riveted structures.
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Experimental investigations on hot-driven structural rivets in historical French and Belgian Wrought-Iron structures (1880s–1890s)
Construction and Building Materials, 2014Co-Authors: Quentin Collette, Stéphane Sire, William J Vermes, Vernon J Mesler, Ine WoutersAbstract:Abstract When assessing the structural safety of historical metal structures, the understanding of the construction materials, their properties and modes of construction is a prior concern. Available information on historical riveted connections, however, is very limited. Analyzing the present state of these connections to better understand their actual structural behaviour is therefore essential. Through experimental work, we investigated the geometry and metallography of Wrought-Iron rivets dismantled from four bridges and buildings (1880s–1890s). The experimental results were then compared to historical literature. This paper reports the original design, manufacturing and installation of hot-driven rivets through four case studies and discusses the impact of these parameters on the behaviour of the connections. Results showed that the geometrical affinity of rivets together with their grain flow allow the original design and driving technique to be identified. The provided findings constitute supportive tools when assessing and renovating historical riveted structures.
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Towards A Non-destructive Methodology ToDistinguish Wrought Iron From Mild SteelIn 19th Century Structures
WIT Transactions on the Built Environment, 2011Co-Authors: Ine Wouters, I. De Graeve, D. Van De Velde, M. De Bouw, Quentin ColletteAbstract:During the 19 th century various new construction materials became available in a short time. This paper deals with the quest for a methodology to differentiate Wrought Iron from mild steel by using a combination of several onsite nondestructive testing instruments. A mobile Vickers hardness tester and an optical microscope were used to determine the hardness and analyze the microstructure after onsite polishing and nital etching of historic Wrought Iron and mild steel structures. The historic specimens were also tested in a destructive way (tensile test) to obtain values for the mechanical properties and relate these values to the NDT results. Although the hardness measurements showed very large scatter, a trend in the measurements could be defined: large variations in local hardness measurements are a clear indication of Wrought Iron, which can be explained by the inhomogeneous micro-structure. Low variation in hardness is typical for mild steel. In the latter case a conversion from hardness to tensile strength is possible. The obtained dataset, coming from different Belgian structures dating from 1895 to 1905, is compared to datasets originating from the UK and US in order to position the Belgian historical Iron alloys within a larger international context.
Timothy P. Weihs - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Relationship Between Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Late 19th/Early 20th Century Wrought Iron Using the Generalized Method of Cells Model
MRS Proceedings, 2011Co-Authors: Jennifer J. Hooper, Tim Foecke, Lori Graham, Timothy P. WeihsAbstract:ABSTRACTThe discovery of the RMS Titanic has led to a number of scientific studies, one of which addresses the role that the structural materials played in the sinking of the ship. Chemical, microstructural, and mechanical analysis of the hull steel suggests that it was state-of-the-art for 1912 with adequate fracture toughness for the application. However, the quality of the Wrought Iron rivets may have been an important factor in the opening of the steel plates during flooding. Preliminary studies of Titanic Wrought Iron rivets revealed an orthotropic, inhomogeneous composite material composed of glassy Iron silicate (slag) particles embedded in a ferrite matrix. To date, very little is understood about the properties of Wrought Iron from that period. Therefore, in order to assess the quality of the Titanic material, contemporary Wrought Iron was obtained from additional late 19th/early 20th century buildings, bridges, and ships for comparison. Image analysis completed on the Titanic Wrought Iron microstructure showed a high slag content that is very coarse and unevenly distributed. To investigate how microstructure impacts the mechanical properties, and hence the quality of late 19th/early 20th century Wrought Iron, a detailed analysis of the relationship between the microstructural features and the mechanical behavior was completed. Here we present the first step in that process: the use of the Generalized Method of Cells (GMC) to predict the mechanical response of composites with variable microstructural properties. The GMC tool is used to generate the effective inelastic behavior of the composite from the individual constituent properties.
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The Metallurgical Analysis of Wrought Iron from the RMS Titanic
Measurement Science and Technology, 2003Co-Authors: Jennifer J. Hooper, Tim Foecke, Lori Graham, Timothy P. WeihsAbstract:In this paper, traditional metallography combined with image analysis, mechanical testing and micromechanical modelling are used to understand the variation in the mechanical properties of Wrought Iron as a function of its microstructure. Thousands of optical micrographs, taken in order to digitally mosaic the surface features of 35 Titanic rivets, are analysed using an automated image analysis routine, which measures a set of microstructural parameters including particle area per cent, size, aspect ratio and orientation. Results from a series of mechanical tests on small specimens are both qualitatively and quantitatively discussed. Data from the measured microstructural parameters and mechanical testing are combined in the Generalized Method of Cells micromechanical model in order to predict the local mechanical behaviour of Wrought Iron as a function of microstructure.
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Metallurgical Analysis of Wrought Iron From the RMS Titanic
Marine Technology and Sname News, 2003Co-Authors: Jennifer J. Hooper, Tim Foecke, Lori Graham, Timothy P. WeihsAbstract:The discovery of the RMS Titanic has led to a number of scientific studies, one of which addresses the role that structural materials played in the sinking of the ship. Early studies focused on the quality of the hull steel as a contributing factor in the ship's rapid sinking, but experimental results showed that the material was state-of-the-art for 1911. Instead, it was suggested that the quality of the Wrought Iron rivets may have been an important factor in the opening of the steel plates during flooding. Here the quality of RMS Titanic Wrought Iron is examined and compared with contemporary Wrought Iron obtained from additional late 19th-/early 20th-century buildings, bridges, and ships. Traditional metallurgical analysis as well as compositional analysis, mechanical testing, and computer modeling are used to understand the variation in the mechanical properties of Wrought Iron as a function of its microstructure.
Stéphane Sire - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Lap shear tests on repaired Wrought-Iron riveted connections
Engineering Structures, 2015Co-Authors: Quentin Collette, Stéphane Sire, Ine WoutersAbstract:Abstract Engineers assessing and strengthening the structural safety of 19th-century Wrought-Iron riveted connections need information on the materials applied, the riveting technology and the impact of remedial works. However, the structural impact of actual remedial works on Wrought-Iron riveted connections remains little known to this day. Therefore, a lap shear test campaign on single riveted single lap joints made of Wrought Iron was carried out. Both original and repaired riveted lap joints were designed, fabricated and tested. This paper reports on the ultimate shear behaviour of Wrought-Iron riveted connections and covers the effect of the quality of riveting. The shear tests showed that original riveted specimens failed in tension (plate net section failure). The repair intervention involving modern steel materials and techniques improved the ultimate shear behaviour significantly.
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experimental investigations on hot driven structural rivets in historical french and belgian Wrought Iron structures 1880s 1890s
Construction and Building Materials, 2014Co-Authors: Quentin Collette, Stéphane Sire, William J Vermes, Vernon J Mesler, Ine WoutersAbstract:Abstract When assessing the structural safety of historical metal structures, the understanding of the construction materials, their properties and modes of construction is a prior concern. Available information on historical riveted connections, however, is very limited. Analyzing the present state of these connections to better understand their actual structural behaviour is therefore essential. Through experimental work, we investigated the geometry and metallography of Wrought-Iron rivets dismantled from four bridges and buildings (1880s–1890s). The experimental results were then compared to historical literature. This paper reports the original design, manufacturing and installation of hot-driven rivets through four case studies and discusses the impact of these parameters on the behaviour of the connections. Results showed that the geometrical affinity of rivets together with their grain flow allow the original design and driving technique to be identified. The provided findings constitute supportive tools when assessing and renovating historical riveted structures.
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Experimental investigations on hot-driven structural rivets in historical French and Belgian Wrought-Iron structures (1880s–1890s)
Construction and Building Materials, 2014Co-Authors: Quentin Collette, Stéphane Sire, William J Vermes, Vernon J Mesler, Ine WoutersAbstract:Abstract When assessing the structural safety of historical metal structures, the understanding of the construction materials, their properties and modes of construction is a prior concern. Available information on historical riveted connections, however, is very limited. Analyzing the present state of these connections to better understand their actual structural behaviour is therefore essential. Through experimental work, we investigated the geometry and metallography of Wrought-Iron rivets dismantled from four bridges and buildings (1880s–1890s). The experimental results were then compared to historical literature. This paper reports the original design, manufacturing and installation of hot-driven rivets through four case studies and discusses the impact of these parameters on the behaviour of the connections. Results showed that the geometrical affinity of rivets together with their grain flow allow the original design and driving technique to be identified. The provided findings constitute supportive tools when assessing and renovating historical riveted structures.
William J Vermes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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experimental investigations on hot driven structural rivets in historical french and belgian Wrought Iron structures 1880s 1890s
Construction and Building Materials, 2014Co-Authors: Quentin Collette, Stéphane Sire, William J Vermes, Vernon J Mesler, Ine WoutersAbstract:Abstract When assessing the structural safety of historical metal structures, the understanding of the construction materials, their properties and modes of construction is a prior concern. Available information on historical riveted connections, however, is very limited. Analyzing the present state of these connections to better understand their actual structural behaviour is therefore essential. Through experimental work, we investigated the geometry and metallography of Wrought-Iron rivets dismantled from four bridges and buildings (1880s–1890s). The experimental results were then compared to historical literature. This paper reports the original design, manufacturing and installation of hot-driven rivets through four case studies and discusses the impact of these parameters on the behaviour of the connections. Results showed that the geometrical affinity of rivets together with their grain flow allow the original design and driving technique to be identified. The provided findings constitute supportive tools when assessing and renovating historical riveted structures.
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Experimental investigations on hot-driven structural rivets in historical French and Belgian Wrought-Iron structures (1880s–1890s)
Construction and Building Materials, 2014Co-Authors: Quentin Collette, Stéphane Sire, William J Vermes, Vernon J Mesler, Ine WoutersAbstract:Abstract When assessing the structural safety of historical metal structures, the understanding of the construction materials, their properties and modes of construction is a prior concern. Available information on historical riveted connections, however, is very limited. Analyzing the present state of these connections to better understand their actual structural behaviour is therefore essential. Through experimental work, we investigated the geometry and metallography of Wrought-Iron rivets dismantled from four bridges and buildings (1880s–1890s). The experimental results were then compared to historical literature. This paper reports the original design, manufacturing and installation of hot-driven rivets through four case studies and discusses the impact of these parameters on the behaviour of the connections. Results showed that the geometrical affinity of rivets together with their grain flow allow the original design and driving technique to be identified. The provided findings constitute supportive tools when assessing and renovating historical riveted structures.
