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Lindsay K Campbell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • networked governance and the management of ecosystem services the case of urban environmental stewardship in new York City
    Ecosystem services, 2014
    Co-Authors: James J T Connolly, Erika S Svendsen, Dana R Fisher, Lindsay K Campbell
    Abstract:

    Urban environmental stewardship groups have become an essential component of the governance structure that regulates ecosystem services in cities. New York City is one example where these groups have grown rapidly in number, size, and visibility since the 1970s. In this article, we combine quantitative survey data with qualitative interview data to examine the structure and development of the governance network that has grown around the management of urban ecosystem services in New York City. We find that the network is organized according to ecological function and geography. We find as well, that certain historical conditions led to the development of a hybrid institutional form with regard to management of ecosystem services in the City. We discuss the implications of this hybrid networked governance structure in New York City and what it might mean for further cross-disciplinary research around ecosystem service governance.

  • organizing urban ecosystem services through environmental stewardship governance in new York City
    Landscape and Urban Planning, 2013
    Co-Authors: James J T Connolly, Erika S Svendsen, Dana R Fisher, Lindsay K Campbell
    Abstract:

    Abstract How do stewardship groups contribute to the management of urban ecosystem services? In this paper, we integrate the research on environmental stewardship with the social–ecological systems literature to explain how stewardship groups serve as bridge organizations between public agencies and civic organizations, working across scales and sectors to build the flexible and multi-scaled capaCity needed to manage complex urban ecosystems. Analyzing data collected from a survey of stewardship groups in New York City, combined with open-ended semi-structured interviews with representatives from the most connected civic “hub” organizations, we use a mixed-method approach to understand the specific activities of bridge organizations in the process of preserving local ecosystem services. This paper concludes that the role of bridge organizations in the management of urban ecosystem services in New York City is increasing, that these groups have a specific bi-modal role in the network, and that an initial presence of heterarchic organizational relations was crucial in their development. The paper ends with a discussion of the implications of these results.

Andrew M. Ryan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • grade pending the effect of the new York City restaurant sanitary grades inspection program on salmonellosis
    Journal of Public Health, 2020
    Co-Authors: Sam Krinsky, Josh Errickson, Andrew M. Ryan
    Abstract:

    New York City began public reporting of restaurant sanitary inspection grades in 2010. The policy’s impact on the incidence of foodborne illness has not been previously studied. We used a retrospective cohort design to evaluate whether the introduction of sanitary grades in 2010 reduced the incidence of Salmonellosis. To estimate the policy impact, we performed a difference-in-differences analysis in which in New York City was compared to a “synthetic control group” consisting of a weighted sample of comparison geographies. We evaluated reported Salmonellosis cases from April 2003 through December 2015 from the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDS) (National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System, Weekly Tables of Infectious Disease Data n.d.). Our main outcome measure was quarterly risk-adjusted cases of reported Salmonellosis per 100,000 residents. Results of our difference-in-differences analysis found that the New York City restaurant sanitary grades program was associated with a non-significant reduction in risk-adjusted cases of reported Salmonellosis per 100,000 (−0.31, 95% confidence interval = (−1.41, 0.80)). This finding was robust across all specifications. Consistent with recent evidence that public reporting has had little impact on public health, public reporting of restaurant sanitary inspection grades did not appear to decrease the incidence of Salmonellosis.

  • grade pending lessons for hospital quality reporting from the new York City restaurant sanitation inspection program
    Journal of Hospital Medicine, 2015
    Co-Authors: Andrew M. Ryan, Allan S Detsky
    Abstract:

    Public quality reporting programs have been widely implemented in hospitals in an effort to improve quality and safety. One such program is Hospital Compare, Medicare's national quality reporting program for US hospitals. The New York City sanitary grade inspection program is a parallel effort for restaurants. The aims of Hospital Compare and the New York City sanitary inspection program are fundamentally similar: to address a common market failure resulting from consumers' lack of information on quality and safety. However, by displaying easily understandable information at the point of service, the New York City sanitary inspection program is better designed to encourage informed consumer decision making. We argue that this program holds important lessons for public quality reporting of US hospitals.

Homer Venters - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • health outcomes for hiv infected persons released from the new York City jail system with a transitional care coordination plan
    American Journal of Public Health, 2015
    Co-Authors: Paul A Teixeira, Alison O Jordan, Nickolas Zaller, Dipal Shah, Homer Venters
    Abstract:

    Objectives. We sought to assess 6-month outcomes for HIV-infected people released from New York City jails with a transitional care plan.Methods. Jail detainees in New York City living with HIV who accepted a transitional care plan during incarceration were asked to participate in a multi-site evaluation aimed at improving linkages to community-based care. The evaluation included a 6-month follow-up; HIV surveillance data were used to assess outcomes for those considered lost to follow-up.Results. Participants (n = 434) completed baseline surveys during incarceration in a jail in New York City. Of those seen at 6 months (n = 243), a greater number were taking antiretroviral medications (92.6% vs 55.6%), had improved antiretroviral therapy adherence (93.2% vs 80.7%), and reported significant reductions in emergency department visits (0.20 vs 0.60 visits), unstable housing (4.15% vs 22.4%), and food insecurity (1.67% vs 20.7%) compared with baseline.Conclusions. Transitional care coordination services facil...

  • injury surveillance in new York City jails
    American Journal of Public Health, 2012
    Co-Authors: Ariel Ludwig, Louise Cohen, Amanda Parsons, Homer Venters
    Abstract:

    To characterize injuries occurring in jails, we analyzed injury report forms from the New York City jail system. We abstracted data from 4695 injury report forms representing 3863 patients. Of the injuries reported, 66% were classified as intentional. The 2 leading causes of injuries were inmate-on-inmate aggression (40%) and slips and falls (27%). Injuries place a considerable burden on jail health care systems, and there is a need for more studies on this problem and development of injury prevention programs.

James J T Connolly - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • networked governance and the management of ecosystem services the case of urban environmental stewardship in new York City
    Ecosystem services, 2014
    Co-Authors: James J T Connolly, Erika S Svendsen, Dana R Fisher, Lindsay K Campbell
    Abstract:

    Urban environmental stewardship groups have become an essential component of the governance structure that regulates ecosystem services in cities. New York City is one example where these groups have grown rapidly in number, size, and visibility since the 1970s. In this article, we combine quantitative survey data with qualitative interview data to examine the structure and development of the governance network that has grown around the management of urban ecosystem services in New York City. We find that the network is organized according to ecological function and geography. We find as well, that certain historical conditions led to the development of a hybrid institutional form with regard to management of ecosystem services in the City. We discuss the implications of this hybrid networked governance structure in New York City and what it might mean for further cross-disciplinary research around ecosystem service governance.

  • organizing urban ecosystem services through environmental stewardship governance in new York City
    Landscape and Urban Planning, 2013
    Co-Authors: James J T Connolly, Erika S Svendsen, Dana R Fisher, Lindsay K Campbell
    Abstract:

    Abstract How do stewardship groups contribute to the management of urban ecosystem services? In this paper, we integrate the research on environmental stewardship with the social–ecological systems literature to explain how stewardship groups serve as bridge organizations between public agencies and civic organizations, working across scales and sectors to build the flexible and multi-scaled capaCity needed to manage complex urban ecosystems. Analyzing data collected from a survey of stewardship groups in New York City, combined with open-ended semi-structured interviews with representatives from the most connected civic “hub” organizations, we use a mixed-method approach to understand the specific activities of bridge organizations in the process of preserving local ecosystem services. This paper concludes that the role of bridge organizations in the management of urban ecosystem services in New York City is increasing, that these groups have a specific bi-modal role in the network, and that an initial presence of heterarchic organizational relations was crucial in their development. The paper ends with a discussion of the implications of these results.

David Vlahov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • ambient temperature and risk of death from accidental drug overdose in new York City 1990 2006
    Addiction, 2010
    Co-Authors: Amy S B Bohnert, Sandro Galea, Kenneth Tardiff, David Vlahov, Marta R Prescott
    Abstract:

    Background Mortality increases as ambient temperature increases. Because cocaine affects core body temperature, ambient temperature may play a role in cocaine-related mortality in particular. The present study examined the association between ambient temperature and fatal overdoses over time in New York City. Methods Mortality data wereobtainedfromtheOfficeof theChief MedicalExaminerfor1990to2006,andtemperaturedatafromtheNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Association. We used generalized additive models to test the relationship between weekly average temperatures and counts of accidental overdose deaths in New York City, controlling for year and average length of daylight hours. Results We found a significant relation between ambient temperature and accidental overdose fatality for all models where the overdoses were due in whole or in part to cocaine (all P < 0.05), but not for non-cocaine overdoses. Risk of accidental overdose deaths increased for weeks when the average temperature was above 24°Celsius. Conclusions These results suggest a strong relation between temperature and accidental overdose mortality that is driven by cocaine-related overdoses rising at temperatures above 24°Celsius; this is a substantially lower temperature than prior estimates.To put this into perspective, approximately 7 weeks a year between 1990 and 2006 had an average weekly temperature of 24 or above in New York City. Heat-related mortality presents a considerable public health concern, and cocaine users constitute a high-risk group.

  • policing drugs and the homicide decline in new York City in the 1990s
    Criminology, 2007
    Co-Authors: Steven F Messner, Sandro Galea, Kenneth Tardiff, Melissa Tracy, Angela Bucciarelli, Tinka Markham Piper, Victoria Frye, David Vlahov
    Abstract:

    This research reassesses the role of policing and drugs in the sharp homicide decline in New York City in the 1990s. Drawing on theoretical arguments about “broken windows” policing and lethal violence associated with the diffusion of crack cocaine, we estimate the effects of measures of misdemeanor arrests and cocaine prevalence on homicide rates with pooled, cross-sectional time-series data for 74 New York City precincts over the 1990–1999 period. The results of mixed regression models reveal a significant negative effect of changes in misdemeanor arrests and a significant positive effect of changes in cocaine prevalence on changes in total homicide rates. Additional analyses of homicide disaggregated by weapon indicate that the effects of misdemeanor arrests and cocaine prevalence emerge for gun-related but not for non-gun-related homicides. Overall, the research generally supports influential interpretations of the homicide decline in New York City but also raises questions about underlying mechanisms that warrant more inquiry in future research.

  • overdose deaths attributed to methadone and heroin in new York City 1990 1998
    Addiction, 2004
    Co-Authors: Sandro Galea, Kenneth Tardiff, Melissa Tracy, David Vlahov, W K Bryant, Markham T Piper
    Abstract:

    Aims Methadone treatment has been shown to be an effective intervention that can lower the risk of heroin-induced overdose death. Recent reports have suggested increases in methadone-induced overdose deaths in several locations in the USA and in Europe. This study investigated the role of methadone and opiates in accidental overdose deaths in New York City. Design We analysed data from the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner to examine all accidental drug overdose deaths in New York City between 1990 and 1998. Findings Of 7451 total overdose deaths during this period, there were 1024 methadone-induced overdose deaths, 4627 heroin-induced overdose deaths and 408 overdose deaths attributed to both methadone and heroin. Fewer than a third as many accidental overdose deaths were attributed to methadone than were attributed to heroin during this period. The proportion of accidental overdose deaths attributed to methadone did not change appreciably (12.6‐15.8% of total overdose mortality), while the proportion of overdose deaths attributed to heroin increased significantly (53.5‐64.2%) during the period of study. Conclusions There was no appreciable increase in methadone-induced overdose mortality in New York City during the 1990s. Both heroin-induced overdose mortality and prescriptions of methadone increased during the same