The Experts below are selected from a list of 93 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Haiyan Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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responses of butachlor degradation and microbial properties in a riparian soil to the cultivation of three different plants
Journal of Environmental Sciences-china, 2011Co-Authors: Changming Yang, Mengmeng Wang, Haiyan ChenAbstract:A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the biodegradation dynamics and related microbial ecophysiological responses to butachlor addition in a riparian soil planted with different plants such as Phragmites australis, Zizania aquatica, and Acorus calamus. The results showed that there were significant differences in microbial degradation dynamics of butachlor in the rhizosphere soils among the three riparian plants. A. calamus displays a significantly higher degradation efficiency of butachlor in the rhizosphere soils, as compared with Z. aquatica and P. australis. Half-life time of butachlor degradation in the rhizospheric soils of P. australis, Z. aquatica, and A. calamus were 7.5, 9.8 and 5.4 days, respectively. Residual butachlor concentration in A. calamus rhizosphere soil was 35.2% and 21.7% lower than that in Z. aquatica and P. australis rhizosphere soils, respectively, indicating that A. calamus showed a greater improvement effect on biodegradation of butachlor in rhizosphere soils than the other two riparian plant. In general, microbial biomass and biochemical activities in rhizosphere soils were depressed by butachlor addition, despite the riparian plant types. However, rhizospheric soil microbial ecophysiological responses to butachlor addition significantly (P < 0.05) differed between riparian plant species. Compared to Z. aquatica and P. australis, A. calamus showed significantly larger microbial number, higher enzyme activities and soil respiration rates in the rhizosphere soils. The results indicated that A. calamus have a better alleviative effect on inhibition of microbial growth due to butachlor addition and can be used as a suitable riparian plant for detoxifying and remediating butachlor contamination from agricultural nonpoint pollution.
Hans Steinhart - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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and insoluble cereal dietary fibre
2010Co-Authors: Mirko Bunzel, John Ralph, Jane M Marita, Ronald D Hatfield, Hans SteinhartAbstract:Abstract: Cell wall cross-linking can have a substantial effect on the properties of the wall. To estimate cross-linking �between arabinoxylans) in cereal ®bres,dehydrodiferulate levels were measured in soluble and insoluble dietary ®bre �SDF and IDF) isolated from whole grains of maize �Zea mays L), wheat �Triticum aestivum L),spelt �Triticum spelta L),rice �Oryza sativa L),wild rice �Zizania aquatica L),barley �Hordeum vulgare L),rye �Secale cereale L),oat �Avena sativa L) and millet �Panicum miliaceum L). After saponi®cation of the cereal ®bres the extracts were investigated for dehydrodimers of ferulic acid using GLC±MS and GLC±FID. From most cereal IDF the whole spectrum of dehydrodiferulic acids �DFAs) �8-5'-,8-8'-,5-5'-,8-O-4'- and 4-O-5'-coupled) could be identi®ed. The absolute contents of total DFAs ranged between 2.4 and 12.6mgg 1. With the exception of 4-O-5'-coupled DFA,the whole range of DFAs was also detected from cereal SDF but only in amounts of 40±230mgg 1. It was estimated that arabinoxylans of cereal IDF contain 8±39 times more diferulates than arabinoxylans of cereal SDF �where measurement of DFA levels in SDF was possible). In cereal IDF,8-5'-coupled dimers dominated,whereas in cereal SDF,8-8'-coupled dimers were relatively enhanced and often became the major dimers
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Eur Food Res Technol (2002) 214:482–488 DOI 10.1007/s00217-002-0512-3 ORIGINAL PAPER
2010Co-Authors: Mirko Bunzel, Ella Allerdings, Volker Sinwell, John Ralph, Hans SteinhartAbstract:Cell wall hydroxycinnamates in wild rice (Zizania aquatica L.) insoluble dietary fibr
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cell wall hydroxycinnamates in wild rice Zizania aquatica l insoluble dietary fibre
European Food Research and Technology, 2002Co-Authors: Mirko Bunzel, Ella Allerdings, Volker Sinwell, John Ralph, Hans SteinhartAbstract:The contents of ester-linked phenolic acids in wild rice (Zizania aquatica L.) dietary fibre were quantified by HPLC analysis, and oligosaccharide hydroxycinnamates were isolated and identified to investigate the linkages of hydroxycinnamic acids to cell wall polymers. In wild rice insoluble dietary fibre (WRIDF), ferulic acid was the most abundant phenolic acid (3942 µg g–1), but significant amounts of sinapic acid (518 µg g–1) and p-coumaric acid (142 µg g–1) were also detected. Treatment of WRIDF with carbohydrate hydrolases or trifluoroacetic acid released several oligosaccharide hydroxycinnamates. After fractionation with Amberlite XAD-2, five feruloylated oligosaccharides were isolated by gel chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC and identified as arabinoxylan ferulate fragments. The feruloylated tetrasaccharide {[5-O-(trans-feruloyl)][O- β - D-Xylp-(1→2)]-O-α-L-Araf-(1→3)}-O- β-D-Xylp-(1→4)-D-Xylp was isolated for the first time from edible plant material. Although some results indicated that sinapic acid is also (at least partially) linked through an ester bond to polysaccharides, isolation of defined oligosaccharide sinapates was not achieved.
John Ralph - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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and insoluble cereal dietary fibre
2010Co-Authors: Mirko Bunzel, John Ralph, Jane M Marita, Ronald D Hatfield, Hans SteinhartAbstract:Abstract: Cell wall cross-linking can have a substantial effect on the properties of the wall. To estimate cross-linking �between arabinoxylans) in cereal ®bres,dehydrodiferulate levels were measured in soluble and insoluble dietary ®bre �SDF and IDF) isolated from whole grains of maize �Zea mays L), wheat �Triticum aestivum L),spelt �Triticum spelta L),rice �Oryza sativa L),wild rice �Zizania aquatica L),barley �Hordeum vulgare L),rye �Secale cereale L),oat �Avena sativa L) and millet �Panicum miliaceum L). After saponi®cation of the cereal ®bres the extracts were investigated for dehydrodimers of ferulic acid using GLC±MS and GLC±FID. From most cereal IDF the whole spectrum of dehydrodiferulic acids �DFAs) �8-5'-,8-8'-,5-5'-,8-O-4'- and 4-O-5'-coupled) could be identi®ed. The absolute contents of total DFAs ranged between 2.4 and 12.6mgg 1. With the exception of 4-O-5'-coupled DFA,the whole range of DFAs was also detected from cereal SDF but only in amounts of 40±230mgg 1. It was estimated that arabinoxylans of cereal IDF contain 8±39 times more diferulates than arabinoxylans of cereal SDF �where measurement of DFA levels in SDF was possible). In cereal IDF,8-5'-coupled dimers dominated,whereas in cereal SDF,8-8'-coupled dimers were relatively enhanced and often became the major dimers
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Eur Food Res Technol (2002) 214:482–488 DOI 10.1007/s00217-002-0512-3 ORIGINAL PAPER
2010Co-Authors: Mirko Bunzel, Ella Allerdings, Volker Sinwell, John Ralph, Hans SteinhartAbstract:Cell wall hydroxycinnamates in wild rice (Zizania aquatica L.) insoluble dietary fibr
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cell wall hydroxycinnamates in wild rice Zizania aquatica l insoluble dietary fibre
European Food Research and Technology, 2002Co-Authors: Mirko Bunzel, Ella Allerdings, Volker Sinwell, John Ralph, Hans SteinhartAbstract:The contents of ester-linked phenolic acids in wild rice (Zizania aquatica L.) dietary fibre were quantified by HPLC analysis, and oligosaccharide hydroxycinnamates were isolated and identified to investigate the linkages of hydroxycinnamic acids to cell wall polymers. In wild rice insoluble dietary fibre (WRIDF), ferulic acid was the most abundant phenolic acid (3942 µg g–1), but significant amounts of sinapic acid (518 µg g–1) and p-coumaric acid (142 µg g–1) were also detected. Treatment of WRIDF with carbohydrate hydrolases or trifluoroacetic acid released several oligosaccharide hydroxycinnamates. After fractionation with Amberlite XAD-2, five feruloylated oligosaccharides were isolated by gel chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC and identified as arabinoxylan ferulate fragments. The feruloylated tetrasaccharide {[5-O-(trans-feruloyl)][O- β - D-Xylp-(1→2)]-O-α-L-Araf-(1→3)}-O- β-D-Xylp-(1→4)-D-Xylp was isolated for the first time from edible plant material. Although some results indicated that sinapic acid is also (at least partially) linked through an ester bond to polysaccharides, isolation of defined oligosaccharide sinapates was not achieved.
Melanie A Vile - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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net ecosystem carbon exchange and the greenhouse gas balance of tidal marshes along an estuarine salinity gradient
Biogeochemistry, 2014Co-Authors: Nathaniel B Weston, Scott C Neubauer, David J Velinsky, Melanie A VileAbstract:Tidal wetlands are productive ecosystems with the capacity to sequester large amounts of carbon (C), but we know relatively little about the impact of climate change on wetland C cycling in lower salinity (oligohaline and tidal freshwater) coastal marshes. In this study we assessed plant production, C cycling and sequestration, and microbial organic matter mineralization at tidal freshwater, oligohaline, and salt marsh sites along the salinity gradient in the Delaware River Estuary over four years. We measured aboveground plant biomass, carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) exchange between the marsh and atmosphere, microbial sulfate reduction and methanogenesis in marsh soils, soil biogeochemistry, and C sequestration with radiodating of soils. A simple model was constructed to estimate monthly and annually integrated rates of gross ecosystem production (GEP), ecosystem respiration (ER) to carbon dioxide (\( {\text{ER}}_{{{\text{CO}}_{2} }} \)) or methane (\( {\text{ER}}_{{{\text{CH}}_{4} }} \)), net ecosystem production (NEP), the contribution of sulfate reduction and methanogenesis to ER, and the greenhouse gas (GHG) source or sink status of the wetland for 2 years (2007 and 2008). All three marsh types were highly productive but evidenced different patterns of C sequestration and GHG source/sink status. The contribution of sulfate reduction to total ER increased along the salinity gradient from tidal freshwater to salt marsh. The Spartina alterniflora dominated salt marsh was a C sink as indicated by both NEP (~140 g C m−2 year−1) and 210Pb radiodating (336 g C m−2 year−1), a minor sink for atmospheric CH4, and a GHG sink (~620 g CO2-eq m−2 year−1). The tidal freshwater marsh was a source of CH4 to the atmosphere (~22 g C–CH4 m−2 year−1). There were large interannual differences in plant production and therefore C and GHG source/sink status at the tidal freshwater marsh, though 210Pb radiodating indicated modest C accretion (110 g C m−2 year−1). The oligohaline marsh site experienced seasonal saltwater intrusion in the late summer and fall (up to 10 mS cm−1) and the Zizania aquatica monoculture at this site responded with sharp declines in biomass and GEP in late summer. Salinity intrusion was also linked to large effluxes of CH4 at the oligohaline site (>80 g C–CH4 m−2 year−1), making this site a significant GHG source (>2,000 g CO2-eq m−2 year−1). The oligohaline site did not accumulate C over the 2 year study period, though 210Pb dating indicated long term C accumulation (250 g C m−2 year−1), suggesting seasonal salt-water intrusion can significantly alter C cycling and GHG exchange dynamics in tidal marsh ecosystems.
Mirko Bunzel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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and insoluble cereal dietary fibre
2010Co-Authors: Mirko Bunzel, John Ralph, Jane M Marita, Ronald D Hatfield, Hans SteinhartAbstract:Abstract: Cell wall cross-linking can have a substantial effect on the properties of the wall. To estimate cross-linking �between arabinoxylans) in cereal ®bres,dehydrodiferulate levels were measured in soluble and insoluble dietary ®bre �SDF and IDF) isolated from whole grains of maize �Zea mays L), wheat �Triticum aestivum L),spelt �Triticum spelta L),rice �Oryza sativa L),wild rice �Zizania aquatica L),barley �Hordeum vulgare L),rye �Secale cereale L),oat �Avena sativa L) and millet �Panicum miliaceum L). After saponi®cation of the cereal ®bres the extracts were investigated for dehydrodimers of ferulic acid using GLC±MS and GLC±FID. From most cereal IDF the whole spectrum of dehydrodiferulic acids �DFAs) �8-5'-,8-8'-,5-5'-,8-O-4'- and 4-O-5'-coupled) could be identi®ed. The absolute contents of total DFAs ranged between 2.4 and 12.6mgg 1. With the exception of 4-O-5'-coupled DFA,the whole range of DFAs was also detected from cereal SDF but only in amounts of 40±230mgg 1. It was estimated that arabinoxylans of cereal IDF contain 8±39 times more diferulates than arabinoxylans of cereal SDF �where measurement of DFA levels in SDF was possible). In cereal IDF,8-5'-coupled dimers dominated,whereas in cereal SDF,8-8'-coupled dimers were relatively enhanced and often became the major dimers
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Eur Food Res Technol (2002) 214:482–488 DOI 10.1007/s00217-002-0512-3 ORIGINAL PAPER
2010Co-Authors: Mirko Bunzel, Ella Allerdings, Volker Sinwell, John Ralph, Hans SteinhartAbstract:Cell wall hydroxycinnamates in wild rice (Zizania aquatica L.) insoluble dietary fibr
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cell wall hydroxycinnamates in wild rice Zizania aquatica l insoluble dietary fibre
European Food Research and Technology, 2002Co-Authors: Mirko Bunzel, Ella Allerdings, Volker Sinwell, John Ralph, Hans SteinhartAbstract:The contents of ester-linked phenolic acids in wild rice (Zizania aquatica L.) dietary fibre were quantified by HPLC analysis, and oligosaccharide hydroxycinnamates were isolated and identified to investigate the linkages of hydroxycinnamic acids to cell wall polymers. In wild rice insoluble dietary fibre (WRIDF), ferulic acid was the most abundant phenolic acid (3942 µg g–1), but significant amounts of sinapic acid (518 µg g–1) and p-coumaric acid (142 µg g–1) were also detected. Treatment of WRIDF with carbohydrate hydrolases or trifluoroacetic acid released several oligosaccharide hydroxycinnamates. After fractionation with Amberlite XAD-2, five feruloylated oligosaccharides were isolated by gel chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC and identified as arabinoxylan ferulate fragments. The feruloylated tetrasaccharide {[5-O-(trans-feruloyl)][O- β - D-Xylp-(1→2)]-O-α-L-Araf-(1→3)}-O- β-D-Xylp-(1→4)-D-Xylp was isolated for the first time from edible plant material. Although some results indicated that sinapic acid is also (at least partially) linked through an ester bond to polysaccharides, isolation of defined oligosaccharide sinapates was not achieved.
