The Experts below are selected from a list of 7272 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
K. A. Mcauley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Comparison of high-fat and high-protein Diets with a high-carbohydrate Diet in insulin-resistant obese women
Diabetologia, 2005Co-Authors: K. A. Mcauley, C. M. Hopkins, K. J. Smith, R. T. Mclay, S. M. Williams, R. W. Taylor, J. I. MannAbstract:Aims/hypothesis A Diet low in saturated fatty acids and rich in wholegrains, vegetables and fruit is recommended in order to reduce the risk of obesity, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. However there is widespread interest in high-fat (“Atkins Diet”) and high-protein (“Zone Diet”) alternatives to the conventional high-carbohydrate, high-fibre approach. We report on a randomised trial that compared these two alternative approaches with a conventional Diet in overweight insulin-resistant women. Methods Ninety-six normoglycaemic, insulin-resistant women (BMI >27 kg/m^2) were randomised to one of three Dietary interventions: a high-carbohydrate, high-fibre (HC) Diet, the high-fat (HF) Atkins Diet, or the high-protein (HP) Zone Diet. The experimental approach was designed to mimic what might be achieved in clinical practice: the recommendations involved advice concerning food choices and were not prescriptive in terms of total energy. There were supervised weight loss and weight maintenance phases (8 weeks each), but there was no contact between the research team and the participants during the final 8 weeks of the study. Outcome was assessed in terms of body composition and indicators of cardiovascular and diabetes risk. Results Body weight, waist circumference, triglycerides and insulin levels decreased with all three Diets but, apart from insulin, the reductions were significantly greater in the HF and HP groups than in the HC group. These observations suggest that the popular Diets reduced insulin resistance to a greater extent than the standard Dietary advice did. When compared with the HC Diet, the HF and HP Diets were shown to produce significantly ( p 10% increase in LDL cholesterol, whereas this occurred in only 13% of subjects on the HC Diet and 3% of those on the HP Diet. Conclusions/interpretation In routine practice a reduced-carbohydrate, higher protein Diet may be the most appropriate overall approach to reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. To achieve similar benefits on a HC Diet, it may be necessary to increase fibre-rich wholegrains, legumes, vegetables and fruits, and to reduce saturated fatty acids to a greater extent than appears to be achieved by implementing current guidelines. The HF approach appears successful for weight loss in the short term, but lipid levels should be monitored. The potential deleterious effects of the Diet in the long term remain a concern.
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Comparison of high-fat and high-protein Diets with a high-carbohydrate Diet in insulin-resistant obese women
Diabetologia, 2004Co-Authors: K. A. Mcauley, C. M. Hopkins, K. J. Smith, R. T. Mclay, S. M. Williams, R. W. Taylor, Jim MannAbstract:A Diet low in saturated fatty acids and rich in wholegrains, vegetables and fruit is recommended in order to reduce the risk of obesity, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. However there is widespread interest in high-fat (“Atkins Diet”) and high-protein (“Zone Diet”) alternatives to the conventional high-carbohydrate, high-fibre approach. We report on a randomised trial that compared these two alternative approaches with a conventional Diet in overweight insulin-resistant women. Ninety-six normoglycaemic, insulin-resistant women (BMI >27 kg/m2) were randomised to one of three Dietary interventions: a high-carbohydrate, high-fibre (HC) Diet, the high-fat (HF) Atkins Diet, or the high-protein (HP) Zone Diet. The experimental approach was designed to mimic what might be achieved in clinical practice: the recommendations involved advice concerning food choices and were not prescriptive in terms of total energy. There were supervised weight loss and weight maintenance phases (8 weeks each), but there was no contact between the research team and the participants during the final 8 weeks of the study. Outcome was assessed in terms of body composition and indicators of cardiovascular and diabetes risk. Body weight, waist circumference, triglycerides and insulin levels decreased with all three Diets but, apart from insulin, the reductions were significantly greater in the HF and HP groups than in the HC group. These observations suggest that the popular Diets reduced insulin resistance to a greater extent than the standard Dietary advice did. When compared with the HC Diet, the HF and HP Diets were shown to produce significantly (p 10% increase in LDL cholesterol, whereas this occurred in only 13% of subjects on the HC Diet and 3% of those on the HP Diet. In routine practice a reduced-carbohydrate, higher protein Diet may be the most appropriate overall approach to reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. To achieve similar benefits on a HC Diet, it may be necessary to increase fibre-rich wholegrains, legumes, vegetables and fruits, and to reduce saturated fatty acids to a greater extent than appears to be achieved by implementing current guidelines. The HF approach appears successful for weight loss in the short term, but lipid levels should be monitored. The potential deleterious effects of the Diet in the long term remain a concern.
Jim Mann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Comparison of high-fat and high-protein Diets with a high-carbohydrate Diet in insulin-resistant obese women
Diabetologia, 2004Co-Authors: K. A. Mcauley, C. M. Hopkins, K. J. Smith, R. T. Mclay, S. M. Williams, R. W. Taylor, Jim MannAbstract:A Diet low in saturated fatty acids and rich in wholegrains, vegetables and fruit is recommended in order to reduce the risk of obesity, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. However there is widespread interest in high-fat (“Atkins Diet”) and high-protein (“Zone Diet”) alternatives to the conventional high-carbohydrate, high-fibre approach. We report on a randomised trial that compared these two alternative approaches with a conventional Diet in overweight insulin-resistant women. Ninety-six normoglycaemic, insulin-resistant women (BMI >27 kg/m2) were randomised to one of three Dietary interventions: a high-carbohydrate, high-fibre (HC) Diet, the high-fat (HF) Atkins Diet, or the high-protein (HP) Zone Diet. The experimental approach was designed to mimic what might be achieved in clinical practice: the recommendations involved advice concerning food choices and were not prescriptive in terms of total energy. There were supervised weight loss and weight maintenance phases (8 weeks each), but there was no contact between the research team and the participants during the final 8 weeks of the study. Outcome was assessed in terms of body composition and indicators of cardiovascular and diabetes risk. Body weight, waist circumference, triglycerides and insulin levels decreased with all three Diets but, apart from insulin, the reductions were significantly greater in the HF and HP groups than in the HC group. These observations suggest that the popular Diets reduced insulin resistance to a greater extent than the standard Dietary advice did. When compared with the HC Diet, the HF and HP Diets were shown to produce significantly (p 10% increase in LDL cholesterol, whereas this occurred in only 13% of subjects on the HC Diet and 3% of those on the HP Diet. In routine practice a reduced-carbohydrate, higher protein Diet may be the most appropriate overall approach to reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. To achieve similar benefits on a HC Diet, it may be necessary to increase fibre-rich wholegrains, legumes, vegetables and fruits, and to reduce saturated fatty acids to a greater extent than appears to be achieved by implementing current guidelines. The HF approach appears successful for weight loss in the short term, but lipid levels should be monitored. The potential deleterious effects of the Diet in the long term remain a concern.
J. I. Mann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Comparison of high-fat and high-protein Diets with a high-carbohydrate Diet in insulin-resistant obese women
Diabetologia, 2005Co-Authors: K. A. Mcauley, C. M. Hopkins, K. J. Smith, R. T. Mclay, S. M. Williams, R. W. Taylor, J. I. MannAbstract:Aims/hypothesis A Diet low in saturated fatty acids and rich in wholegrains, vegetables and fruit is recommended in order to reduce the risk of obesity, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. However there is widespread interest in high-fat (“Atkins Diet”) and high-protein (“Zone Diet”) alternatives to the conventional high-carbohydrate, high-fibre approach. We report on a randomised trial that compared these two alternative approaches with a conventional Diet in overweight insulin-resistant women. Methods Ninety-six normoglycaemic, insulin-resistant women (BMI >27 kg/m^2) were randomised to one of three Dietary interventions: a high-carbohydrate, high-fibre (HC) Diet, the high-fat (HF) Atkins Diet, or the high-protein (HP) Zone Diet. The experimental approach was designed to mimic what might be achieved in clinical practice: the recommendations involved advice concerning food choices and were not prescriptive in terms of total energy. There were supervised weight loss and weight maintenance phases (8 weeks each), but there was no contact between the research team and the participants during the final 8 weeks of the study. Outcome was assessed in terms of body composition and indicators of cardiovascular and diabetes risk. Results Body weight, waist circumference, triglycerides and insulin levels decreased with all three Diets but, apart from insulin, the reductions were significantly greater in the HF and HP groups than in the HC group. These observations suggest that the popular Diets reduced insulin resistance to a greater extent than the standard Dietary advice did. When compared with the HC Diet, the HF and HP Diets were shown to produce significantly ( p 10% increase in LDL cholesterol, whereas this occurred in only 13% of subjects on the HC Diet and 3% of those on the HP Diet. Conclusions/interpretation In routine practice a reduced-carbohydrate, higher protein Diet may be the most appropriate overall approach to reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. To achieve similar benefits on a HC Diet, it may be necessary to increase fibre-rich wholegrains, legumes, vegetables and fruits, and to reduce saturated fatty acids to a greater extent than appears to be achieved by implementing current guidelines. The HF approach appears successful for weight loss in the short term, but lipid levels should be monitored. The potential deleterious effects of the Diet in the long term remain a concern.
Samuel N. Cheuvront - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Going Against the Grain: Flaws in the Zone Diet.
Nutrition today, 2004Co-Authors: Samuel N. CheuvrontAbstract:Abstract : The Zone Diet is an eating plan claiming to maintain an "ideal" hormone balance and improve health through the manipulation of Dietary carbohydrate and protein. While popular, the Diet's health claims are based on dubious information, misinterpreted scientific facts, and it ultimately remains unsubstantiated.
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The Zone Diet Phenomenon: A Closer Look at the Science Behind the Claims
Journal of The American College of Nutrition, 2003Co-Authors: Samuel N. CheuvrontAbstract:The purported health benefits of low-carbohydrate Diets have been advocated intermittently over the last century and have enjoyed increasing popularity over the last decade. Although most revolve around the emphatic theme that carbohydrates are to blame for many chronic diseases, their specific ideologies are more variable and in some cases quite sophisticated. The Zone Diet phenomenon represents a new generation of modern low carbohydrate food fad with sales placing it among the most popular Diet books in recent history. The Zone is a 40% carbohydrate, 30% protein and 30% fat eating plan that advocates only sparing use of grains and starches. The precise 0.75 protein to carbohydrate ratio required with each meal is promoted to reduce the insulin to glucagon ratio, which purportedly affects eicosanoid metabolism and ultimately produces a cascade of biological events leading to a reduction in chronic disease risk, enhanced immunity, maximal physical and mental performance, increased longevity and permanent...
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The Zone Diet Phenomenon: A Closer Look at the Science behind the Claims
Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2003Co-Authors: Samuel N. CheuvrontAbstract:The purported health benefits of low-carbohydrate Diets have been advocated intermittently over the last century and have enjoyed increasing popularity over the last decade. Although most revolve around the emphatic theme that carbohydrates are to blame for many chronic diseases, their specific ideologies are more variable and in some cases quite sophisticated. The Zone Diet phenomenon represents a new generation of modern low carbohydrate food fad with sales placing it among the most popular Diet books in recent history. The Zone is a 40% carbohydrate, 30% protein and 30% fat eating plan that advocates only sparing use of grains and starches. The precise 0.75 protein to carbohydrate ratio required with each meal is promoted to reduce the insulin to glucagon ratio, which purportedly affects eicosanoid metabolism and ultimately produces a cascade of biological events leading to a reduction in chronic disease risk, enhanced immunity, maximal physical and mental performance, increased longevity and permanent weight loss. There is presently little scientific support for the connections made between Diet, endocrinology and eicosanoid metabolism. In fact, a review of the literature suggests that there are scientific contradictions in the Zone Diet hypothesis that cast unquestionable doubt on its potential efficacy. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the scientific merit of the Zone Diet and its health claims in an effort to help delineate what is and what is not sound nutrition science.
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The Zone Diet and Athletic Performance
Sports Medicine, 1999Co-Authors: Samuel N. CheuvrontAbstract:The Zone Diet is the latest eating regimen marketed to improve athletic performance by opposing traditional high carbohydrate sports Diets. The 40/30/30 Diet is centred primarily on protein intake (1.8 to 2.2 g/kg fat free mass; i.e. total bodyweight — fat weight) and promises a change in the body’s insulin to glucagon ratio through its macronutrient alterations. Changes in the existing hormonal milieu are said to result in the production of more vasoactive eicosanoids, thus allowing greater oxygen delivery to exercising muscle. This favourable condition, known as the Zone, is anecdotally reported to benefit even the most elite endurance athletes. Applying the Zone’s suggested protein needs and macronutrient distributions in practice, it is clear that it is a low carbohydrate Diet by both relative and absolute standards, as well as calorie deficient by any standard. Reliable and abundant peer reviewed literature is in opposition to the suggestion that such a Diet can support competitive athletic endeavours, much less improve them. The notion that a 40/30/30 Diet can alter the pancreatic hormone response in favour of glucagon is also unfounded. The Zone is a mixed Diet and not likely to affect pancreatic hormone release in the same way individual nutrients can. Although the postprandial insulin response is reduced when comparing a 40% with a 60% carbohydrate Diet, it is still a sufficient stimulus to offset the lipolytic effects of glucagon. Many of the promised benefits of the Zone are based on selective information regarding hormonal influences on eicosanoid biology. Contradictory information is conveniently left out. The principle of vasodilating muscle arterioles by altering eicosanoid production is notably correct in theory. However, what little human evidence is available does not support any significant contribution of eicosanoids to active muscle vasodilation. In fact, the key eicosanoid reportedly produced in the Zone and responsible for improved muscle oxygenation is not found in skeletal muscle. Based on the best available scientific evidence, the Zone Diet should be considered more ergolytic than ergogenic to performance.
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The Zone Diet and Athletic Performance
Sports medicine (Auckland N.Z.), 1999Co-Authors: Samuel N. CheuvrontAbstract:The Zone Diet is the latest eating regimen marketed to improve athletic performance by opposing traditional high carbohydrate sports Diets. The 40/30/30 Diet is centred primarily on protein intake (1.8 to 2.2 g/kg fat free mass; i.e. total bodyweight — fat weight) and promises a change in the body’s insulin to glucagon ratio through its macronutrient alterations. Changes in the existing hormonal milieu are said to result in the production of more vasoactive eicosanoids, thus allowing greater oxygen delivery to exercising muscle. This favourable condition, known as the Zone, is anecdotally reported to benefit even the most elite endurance athletes.
S. M. Williams - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Comparison of high-fat and high-protein Diets with a high-carbohydrate Diet in insulin-resistant obese women
Diabetologia, 2005Co-Authors: K. A. Mcauley, C. M. Hopkins, K. J. Smith, R. T. Mclay, S. M. Williams, R. W. Taylor, J. I. MannAbstract:Aims/hypothesis A Diet low in saturated fatty acids and rich in wholegrains, vegetables and fruit is recommended in order to reduce the risk of obesity, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. However there is widespread interest in high-fat (“Atkins Diet”) and high-protein (“Zone Diet”) alternatives to the conventional high-carbohydrate, high-fibre approach. We report on a randomised trial that compared these two alternative approaches with a conventional Diet in overweight insulin-resistant women. Methods Ninety-six normoglycaemic, insulin-resistant women (BMI >27 kg/m^2) were randomised to one of three Dietary interventions: a high-carbohydrate, high-fibre (HC) Diet, the high-fat (HF) Atkins Diet, or the high-protein (HP) Zone Diet. The experimental approach was designed to mimic what might be achieved in clinical practice: the recommendations involved advice concerning food choices and were not prescriptive in terms of total energy. There were supervised weight loss and weight maintenance phases (8 weeks each), but there was no contact between the research team and the participants during the final 8 weeks of the study. Outcome was assessed in terms of body composition and indicators of cardiovascular and diabetes risk. Results Body weight, waist circumference, triglycerides and insulin levels decreased with all three Diets but, apart from insulin, the reductions were significantly greater in the HF and HP groups than in the HC group. These observations suggest that the popular Diets reduced insulin resistance to a greater extent than the standard Dietary advice did. When compared with the HC Diet, the HF and HP Diets were shown to produce significantly ( p 10% increase in LDL cholesterol, whereas this occurred in only 13% of subjects on the HC Diet and 3% of those on the HP Diet. Conclusions/interpretation In routine practice a reduced-carbohydrate, higher protein Diet may be the most appropriate overall approach to reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. To achieve similar benefits on a HC Diet, it may be necessary to increase fibre-rich wholegrains, legumes, vegetables and fruits, and to reduce saturated fatty acids to a greater extent than appears to be achieved by implementing current guidelines. The HF approach appears successful for weight loss in the short term, but lipid levels should be monitored. The potential deleterious effects of the Diet in the long term remain a concern.
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Comparison of high-fat and high-protein Diets with a high-carbohydrate Diet in insulin-resistant obese women
Diabetologia, 2004Co-Authors: K. A. Mcauley, C. M. Hopkins, K. J. Smith, R. T. Mclay, S. M. Williams, R. W. Taylor, Jim MannAbstract:A Diet low in saturated fatty acids and rich in wholegrains, vegetables and fruit is recommended in order to reduce the risk of obesity, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. However there is widespread interest in high-fat (“Atkins Diet”) and high-protein (“Zone Diet”) alternatives to the conventional high-carbohydrate, high-fibre approach. We report on a randomised trial that compared these two alternative approaches with a conventional Diet in overweight insulin-resistant women. Ninety-six normoglycaemic, insulin-resistant women (BMI >27 kg/m2) were randomised to one of three Dietary interventions: a high-carbohydrate, high-fibre (HC) Diet, the high-fat (HF) Atkins Diet, or the high-protein (HP) Zone Diet. The experimental approach was designed to mimic what might be achieved in clinical practice: the recommendations involved advice concerning food choices and were not prescriptive in terms of total energy. There were supervised weight loss and weight maintenance phases (8 weeks each), but there was no contact between the research team and the participants during the final 8 weeks of the study. Outcome was assessed in terms of body composition and indicators of cardiovascular and diabetes risk. Body weight, waist circumference, triglycerides and insulin levels decreased with all three Diets but, apart from insulin, the reductions were significantly greater in the HF and HP groups than in the HC group. These observations suggest that the popular Diets reduced insulin resistance to a greater extent than the standard Dietary advice did. When compared with the HC Diet, the HF and HP Diets were shown to produce significantly (p 10% increase in LDL cholesterol, whereas this occurred in only 13% of subjects on the HC Diet and 3% of those on the HP Diet. In routine practice a reduced-carbohydrate, higher protein Diet may be the most appropriate overall approach to reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. To achieve similar benefits on a HC Diet, it may be necessary to increase fibre-rich wholegrains, legumes, vegetables and fruits, and to reduce saturated fatty acids to a greater extent than appears to be achieved by implementing current guidelines. The HF approach appears successful for weight loss in the short term, but lipid levels should be monitored. The potential deleterious effects of the Diet in the long term remain a concern.
