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Rebeca B Rosengaus - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Relish as a Candidate Marker for Transgenerational Immune Priming in a Dampwood Termite (Blattodae: Archeotermopsidae).
    Insects, 2020
    Co-Authors: Erin L. Cole, Jessica S. Empringham, Colette Biro, Graham J. Thompson, Rebeca B Rosengaus
    Abstract:

    Natural selection should favor the transfer of immune competence from one generation to the next in a context-dependent manner. Transgenerational immune priming (TGIP) is expected to evolve when species exploit pathogen-rich environments and exhibit extended overlap of parent–offspring generations. Dampwood termites are hemimetabolous, eusocial insects (Blattodea: Archeotermopsidae) that possess both of these traits. We predict that offspring of pathogen-exposed queens of Zootermopsis Angusticollis will show evidence of a primed immune system relative to the offspring of unexposed controls. We found that Relish transcripts, one of two immune marker loci tested, were enhanced in two-day-old embryos when laid by Serratia-injected queens. These data implicate the immune deficiency (IMD) signaling pathway in TGIP. Although an independent antibacterial assay revealed that embryos do express antibacterial properties, these do not vary as a function of parental treatment. Taken together, Z. Angusticollis shows transcriptional but not translational evidence for TGIP. This apparent incongruence between the transcriptional and antimicrobial response from termites suggests that effectors are either absent in two-day-old embryos or their activity is too subtle to detect with our antibacterial assay. In total, we provide the first suggestive evidence of transgenerational immune priming in a termite.

  • A double-edged sword? The cost of proctodeal trophallaxis in termites
    Insectes Sociaux, 2015
    Co-Authors: D. Mirabito, Rebeca B Rosengaus
    Abstract:

    The evolution of insect sociality has likely been shaped by pathogenic pressures. Previous research has indicated that social interactions among nestmates can ameliorate risks of infection. We hypothesized that proctodeal trophallaxis (anus-to-mouth exchanges of proctodeal fluid) and coprophagy, both common phenomena across termites, result in the passive transfer of immune elicitors, antimicrobial compounds, and/or immune proteins that could render the recipient of these fluids less susceptible to disease. If true, this would represent a prime example of social immunization. Our results show that in Zootermopsis Angusticollis, recipients of proctodeal fluid collected from naive, control, and vaccinated donors have similar susceptibility to a subsequent Serratia marcescens challenge. However, nestmates feeding on proctodeal fluid from donors injected with sub-lethal dosages of live bacteria were significantly more susceptible to a subsequent challenge. These data indicate unanticipated costs associated with proctodeal trophallaxis when exploiting infectious environments. That termites frequently engage in these exchanges in spite of the heightened survival costs reveals possible evolutionary trade-offs between the nutritional benefits accrued through these exchanges and the risks of disease transmission. This work represents a first attempt to identify the role of proctodeal trophallaxis within a socio-immunological context.

  • symbiont derived β 1 3 glucanases in a social insect mutualism beyond nutrition
    Frontiers in Microbiology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Rebeca B Rosengaus, Kelley F Schultheis, Alla Yalonetskaya, Mark S Bulmer, William S Ducomb, Ryan W Benson, John P Thottam, Veronica Godoycarter
    Abstract:

    Termites have had a long co-evolutionary history with prokaryotic and eukaryotic gut microbes. Historically, the role of these anaerobic obligate symbionts has been attributed to the nutritional welfare of the host. We provide evidence that protozoa (and/or their associated bacteria) colonizing the hindgut of the dampwood termite Zootermopsis Angusticollis, synthesize multiple functional beta-1,3-glucanases, enzymes known for breaking down beta-1,3-glucans, the main component of fungal cell walls. These enzymes, we propose, may help in both digestion of ingested fungal hyphae and protection against invasion by fungal pathogens. This research points to an additional novel role for the mutualistic hindgut microbial consortia of termites, an association that may extend beyond ligno-cellulolytic activity and nitrogen fixation to include a reduction in the risks of mycosis at both the individual- and colony-levels while nesting in and feeding on microbial-rich decayed wood.

  • DOI 10.1007/s00040-011-0198-2
    2014
    Co-Authors: Insectes Sociaux, Rebeca B Rosengaus, Daniel V. Calleri, E. L. Vargo, W. Booth, C. S. Brent, J. F. A. Traniello
    Abstract:

    Population genetic structure and colony breeding system in dampwood termites (Zootermopsis Angusticollis and Z. nevadensis nuttingi

  • Symbiont-derived beta-1,3-glucanases in a social insect: mutualism beyond nutrition
    Frontiers Media S.A., 2014
    Co-Authors: Rebeca B Rosengaus, Kelley F Schultheis, Mark S Bulmer, William S Ducomb, Ryan W Benson, Alla Eyalonetskaya, John Paul Ethottam, Veronica Egodoy-carter
    Abstract:

    Termites have had a long co-evolutionary history with prokaryotic and eukaryotic gut microbes. Historically, the role of these anaerobic obligate symbionts has been attributed to the nutritional welfare of the host. We provide evidence that protozoa (and/or their associated bacteria) colonizing the hindgut of the dampwood termite Zootermopsis Angusticollis, synthesize multiple functional beta-1,3-glucanases, enzymes known for breaking down beta-1,3-glucans, the main component of fungal cell walls. These enzymes, we propose, may help in both digestion of ingested fungal hyphae and protection against invasion by fungal pathogens. This research points to an additional novel role for the mutualistic hindgut microbial consortia of termites, an association that may extend beyond ligno-cellulolytic activity and nitrogen fixation to include a reduction in the risks of mycosis at both the individual- and colony-levels while nesting in and feeding on microbial-rich decayed wood

James F A Traniello - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Population genetic structure and colony breeding system in dampwood termites (Zootermopsis Angusticollis and Z. nevadensis nuttingi)
    Insectes Sociaux, 2011
    Co-Authors: Warren Booth, Rebeca B Rosengaus, James F A Traniello, Colin S. Brent, Daniel V. Calleri, Edward L. Vargo
    Abstract:

    Studies describing the population genetic structure and breeding system of basal lineages of termite species remain rare. Such species, however, may reveal ancestral life history attributes potentially influential in the evolution of social life within the Isoptera. Through the development and application of microsatellite DNA loci, we investigated patterns of genetic diversity and differentiation within the dampwood termite Zootermopsis Angusticollis collected from three geographically distinct locations in California, USA. Significant genetic differentiation was identified among all sites, which were located 40–150 km apart, and each site was found to represent unique populations with limited levels of gene flow. While Z. Angusticollis alates have previously been described as being strong fliers, genetic evidence suggests limited dispersal, possibly due to habitat characteristics restricting long-range flights. Additionally, we characterize patterns of colony genetic structure and breeding system within both Z. Angusticollis and its congener Z. nevadensis nuttingi. In Z. Angusticollis, simple, extended, and mixed family colonies were observed. The frequency of simple families ranged from 16 to 64%, whereas mixed families were found in only two locations and at low frequencies. In contrast, Z. n. nuttingi, formed primarily extended family colonies. Estimates of relatedness suggest that monogamous pairs heading simple families consist of reproductives showing variable degrees of relatedness from unrelated to close relatives. Additionally, the effective number of neotenic reproductives appears to be low within extended families of both species.

  • Disease resistance in the drywood termite, Incisitermes schwarzi: does nesting ecology affect immunocompetence?
    Journal of Insect Science, 2010
    Co-Authors: Daniel V. Calleri, Rebeca B Rosengaus, James F A Traniello
    Abstract:

    Termites live in nests that can differ in microbial load and thus vary in degree of disease risk. It was hypothesized that termite investment in immune response would differ in species living in nest environments that vary in the richness and abundance of microbes. Using the drywood termite, Incisitermes schwarzi Banks (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae), as a model for species having low nest and cuticular microbial loads, the susceptibility of individuals and groups to conidia of the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae Sorokin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae), was examined. The survivorship of I. schwarzi was compared to that of the dampwood termite, Zootermopsis Angusticollis Hagen (Termopsidae), a species with comparatively high microbial loads. The results indicated that I. schwarzi derives similar benefits from group living as Z. Angusticollis: isolated termites had 5.5 times the hazard ratio of death relative to termites nesting in groups of 25 while termites in groups of 10 did not differ significantly from the groups of 25. The results also indicated, after controlling for the influence of group size and conidia exposure on survivorship, that Z. Angusticollis was significantly more susceptible to fungal infection than I. schwarzi, the former having 1.6 times the hazard ratio of death relative to drywood termites. Thus, disease susceptibility and individual investment in immunocompetence may not be dependent on interspecific variation in microbial pressures. The data validate prior studies indicating that sociality has benefits in infection control and suggest that social mechanisms of disease resistance, rather than individual physiological and immunological adaptations, may have been the principle target of selection related to variation in infection risk from microbes in the nest environment of different termite species.

  • Benefits and costs of secondary polygyny in the dampwood termite Zootermopsis Angusticollis.
    Environmental entomology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Colin S. Brent, James F A Traniello, Edward L. Vargo
    Abstract:

    Newly molted female neotenic reproductives of the dampwood termite Zootermopsis Angusticollis Hagen were allowed to mature in the presence of a neotenic male, a fixed number of larval helpers, and varying numbers of sibling neotenic queens to assess the impact of secondary polygyny to the individual and colony. Under monogyne conditions, neotenics developed more ovarioles per ovary and had higher individual fecundities after 60 d compared with females under polygyne conditions. Queens in groups of three females were able to gain more body mass than those in groups of five. Although the division of resources provided by helpers reduced individual female development and fecundity under polygyne conditions, it resulted in an overall increase in colony fecundity. In addition, neotenic females in polygynous colonies did not differ significantly in reproductive competence. There was no evidence that neotenics were attacked or injured by other reproductives or larval helpers, suggesting little if any reproductive competition among sibling queens. The physiological responses of neotenics to the increasing queen/worker ratio may have the benefit of enhancing the colony growth at the cost of the fecundity of individual queens.

  • Immunity and reproduction during colony foundation in the dampwood termite, Zootermopsis Angusticollis
    Physiological Entomology, 2007
    Co-Authors: Daniel V. Calleri, Rebeca B Rosengaus, James F A Traniello
    Abstract:

    Abstract . Termite primary reproductives may be exposed to pathogens when dispersing from their parental nest and establishing a new colony. Immunity and reproduction are inves-tigated during colony foundation by implanting a nylon filament into the abdomen of mated and unmated female and male primary reproductives of the dampwood termite Zootermopsis Angusticollis. Primary reproductives are paired in combinations of female/male, female/fe-male and male/male and, using confocal microscopy, immune defence is assessed by measur-ing the degree of encapsulation of nylon implants during three periods of colony foundation: (I) shortly after pairing; (II) during copulation/oocyte maturation; and (III) during oviposi-tion. There are differences in the encapsulation response of mated and unmated termites that are contingent on the period of colony foundation when termites are challenged. Mated fe-males and males have significantly greater encapsulation responses than their unmated coun-terparts shortly after pairing, perhaps as a prophylactic measure against exposure to disease. The encapsulation response of mated and unmated males does not differ significantly during periods II and III. The onset of oviposition is significantly delayed in mated females that re-ceived implants during periods I and II. Mated females have a significantly reduced encapsu-lation response during the time of copulation and oocyte maturation, but not during oviposition. Overall, males have a significantly greater ability than females to encapsulate a nylon implant. The findings suggest that reproduction can reduce the immune response in fe-male primary reproductives. The results are discussed in light of trade-offs between immunity and reproduction during the critical life-history phase of colony establishment in termites.

  • Inducible immune proteins in the dampwood termite Zootermopsis Angusticollis
    Naturwissenschaften, 2007
    Co-Authors: Rebeca B Rosengaus, Tara Cornelisse, Katerina Guschanski, James F A Traniello
    Abstract:

    Dampwood termites, Zootermopsis Angusticollis (Isoptera: Termopsidae), mount an immune response to resist microbial infection. Here we report on results of a novel analysis that allowed us to electrophoretically assess changes in hemolymph proteins in the same individual before and after exposure to a pathogen. We demonstrate that contact with a sublethal concentration of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (Deuteromycotina:Hypomycetes) induces the production of protective proteins in nymphs, pseudergates (false workers), and soldiers. Termites exposed to an immunizing dosage of fungal conidia consistently showed an enhancement of constitutive proteins (62–85 kDa) in the hemolymph as well as an induction of novel proteins (28–48 kDa) relative to preimmunization levels. No significant differences in protein banding patterns relative to baseline levels in control and naïve termites were observed. Incubating excised and eluted induced proteins produced by immunized pseudergates or immunized soldiers with conidia significantly reduced the germination of the fungus. The fungistatic effect of eluted proteins differed significantly among five colonies examined. Our results show that the upregulation of protective proteins in the hemolymph underscores the in vivo immune response we previously recorded in Z. Angusticollis .

Patrick J. Keeling - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Single-Cell DNA Barcoding Using Sequences from the Small Subunit rRNA and Internal Transcribed Spacer Region Identifies New Species of Trichonympha and Trichomitopsis from the Hindgut of the Termite
    2016
    Co-Authors: Zootermopsis Angusticollis, Vera Tai, Erick R. James, Steve J. Perlman, Patrick J. Keeling
    Abstract:

    To aid in their digestion of wood, lower termites are known to harbour a diverse community of prokaryotes as well as parabasalid and oxymonad protist symbionts. One of the best-studied lower termite gut communities is that of Zootermopsis Angusticollis which has been known for almost 100 years to possess 3 species of Trichonympha (T. campanula, T. collaris, and T. sphaerica), 1 species of Trichomitopsis (T. termopsidis), as well as smaller flagellates. We have re-assessed this community by sequencing the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region from a large number of single Trichonympha and Trichomitopsis cells for which morphology was also documented. Based on phylogenetic clustering and sequence divergence, we identify 3 new species: Trichonympha postcylindrica, Trichomitopsis minor, and Trichomitopsis parvus spp. nov. Once identified by sequencing, the morphology of the isolated cells for all 3 new species was re-examined and found to be distinct from the previously described species: Trichonympha postcylindrica can be morphologically distinguished from the other Trichonympha species by an extension on its posterior end, whereas Trichomitopsis minor and T. parvus are smaller than T. termopsidis but similar in size to each other and cannot be distinguished based on morphology using light microscopy. Given that Z. Angusticollis has one of the best characterized hindgut communities, the near doubling of the number of the largest and most easily identifiable symbiont species suggests that the diversity of hindgut symbionts is substantially underestimated in other termites as well. Accurat

  • single cell dna barcoding using sequences from the small subunit rrna and internal transcribed spacer region identifies new species of trichonympha and trichomitopsis from the hindgut of the termite Zootermopsis Angusticollis
    PLOS ONE, 2013
    Co-Authors: Erick R. James, Steve J. Perlman, Patrick J. Keeling
    Abstract:

    : To aid in their digestion of wood, lower termites are known to harbour a diverse community of prokaryotes as well as parabasalid and oxymonad protist symbionts. One of the best-studied lower termite gut communities is that of Zootermopsis Angusticollis which has been known for almost 100 years to possess 3 species of Trichonympha (T. campanula, T. collaris, and T. sphaerica), 1 species of Trichomitopsis (T. termopsidis), as well as smaller flagellates. We have re-assessed this community by sequencing the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region from a large number of single Trichonympha and Trichomitopsis cells for which morphology was also documented. Based on phylogenetic clustering and sequence divergence, we identify 3 new species: Trichonympha postcylindrica, Trichomitopsis minor, and Trichomitopsis parvus spp. nov. Once identified by sequencing, the morphology of the isolated cells for all 3 new species was re-examined and found to be distinct from the previously described species: Trichonympha postcylindrica can be morphologically distinguished from the other Trichonympha species by an extension on its posterior end, whereas Trichomitopsis minor and T. parvus are smaller than T. termopsidis but similar in size to each other and cannot be distinguished based on morphology using light microscopy. Given that Z. Angusticollis has one of the best characterized hindgut communities, the near doubling of the number of the largest and most easily identifiable symbiont species suggests that the diversity of hindgut symbionts is substantially underestimated in other termites as well. Accurate descriptions of the diversity of these microbial communities are essential for understanding hindgut ecology and disentangling the interactions among the symbionts, and molecular barcoding should be a priority for these systems.

  • Comparing SSU and ITS barcodes from manually isolated Trichomitopsis cells from Zootermopsis Angusticollis.
    2013
    Co-Authors: Vera Tai, Erick R. James, Steve J. Perlman, Patrick J. Keeling
    Abstract:

    A) Pairwise similarity matrix for DNA sequences from Trichomitopsis species. The upper and lower values are for SSU and ITS sequences, respectively. The mean pairwise similarities (± standard deviation) for comparisons of sequences within and between species are reported. B) Phylogenetic tree of single-cell ITS barcodes from Trichomitopsis isolated from the hindgut of Zootermopsis Angusticollis. Sequences from Pentatrichomonas hominis and Trichomonas tenax were included to root the tree. The best ML tree is shown. Numbers at nodes indicate ML bootstrap support and Bayesian posterior probability values. Statistical support is shown only for nodes with >70% bootstrap support and >0.90 posterior probability.

  • Comparing SSU and ITS barcodes from manually isolated Trichonympha cells from Zootermopsis Angusticollis.
    2013
    Co-Authors: Vera Tai, Erick R. James, Steve J. Perlman, Patrick J. Keeling
    Abstract:

    A) Pairwise similarity matrix for DNA sequences from Trichonympha species. The upper and lower values are for SSU and ITS sequences, respectively. The mean pairwise similarities (± standard deviation) for comparisons of sequences within and between species are reported. B) Phylogenetic tree of single-cell ITS barcodes from Trichonympha isolated from the hindgut of Zootermopsis Angusticollis. Sequences from Hexamastix mitis and Monocercomonas colubrorum were included to root the tree. The best ML tree is shown. Numbers at nodes indicate ML bootstrap support and Bayesian posterior probability values. Statistical support is shown only for nodes with >70% bootstrap support and >0.90 posterior probability. Statistical support for the T. campanula node (in italics) is also shown which does not satisfy the above criteria.

  • Phylogenetic tree of single-cell SSU rRNA barcodes from Trichonympha isolated from the hindgut of Zootermopsis Angusticollis.
    2013
    Co-Authors: Vera Tai, Erick R. James, Steve J. Perlman, Patrick J. Keeling
    Abstract:

    Images are examples of manually isolated cells with arrows pointing to the SSU sequences obtained from these single cells. SSU rRNA sequences from Trichonympha species from Zootermopsis nevadensis were included for reference (T. sphaerica  =  AB434784, T. campanula  =  AB434812, and T. collaris  =  AB434783). AF023622 is from T. collaris isolated from the hindgut of Z. Angusticollis. Also included are representatives of the next most closely related SSU rRNA sequences available: T. agilis from Reticulitermes speratus  =  AB003920, T. sp. from Hodotermopsis sjoestedti  =  AB326373, T. sp. from Reticulitermes santonensis  =  AB434787, T. tabogae from Incisitermes tabogae  =  AB434793. The best ML tree is shown. Numbers at nodes indicate ML bootstrap support and Bayesian posterior probability values. Statistical support is shown only for nodes with >70% bootstrap support and >0.90 posterior probability.

Jean Claude Braekman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Erick R. James - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Single-Cell DNA Barcoding Using Sequences from the Small Subunit rRNA and Internal Transcribed Spacer Region Identifies New Species of Trichonympha and Trichomitopsis from the Hindgut of the Termite
    2016
    Co-Authors: Zootermopsis Angusticollis, Vera Tai, Erick R. James, Steve J. Perlman, Patrick J. Keeling
    Abstract:

    To aid in their digestion of wood, lower termites are known to harbour a diverse community of prokaryotes as well as parabasalid and oxymonad protist symbionts. One of the best-studied lower termite gut communities is that of Zootermopsis Angusticollis which has been known for almost 100 years to possess 3 species of Trichonympha (T. campanula, T. collaris, and T. sphaerica), 1 species of Trichomitopsis (T. termopsidis), as well as smaller flagellates. We have re-assessed this community by sequencing the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region from a large number of single Trichonympha and Trichomitopsis cells for which morphology was also documented. Based on phylogenetic clustering and sequence divergence, we identify 3 new species: Trichonympha postcylindrica, Trichomitopsis minor, and Trichomitopsis parvus spp. nov. Once identified by sequencing, the morphology of the isolated cells for all 3 new species was re-examined and found to be distinct from the previously described species: Trichonympha postcylindrica can be morphologically distinguished from the other Trichonympha species by an extension on its posterior end, whereas Trichomitopsis minor and T. parvus are smaller than T. termopsidis but similar in size to each other and cannot be distinguished based on morphology using light microscopy. Given that Z. Angusticollis has one of the best characterized hindgut communities, the near doubling of the number of the largest and most easily identifiable symbiont species suggests that the diversity of hindgut symbionts is substantially underestimated in other termites as well. Accurat

  • single cell dna barcoding using sequences from the small subunit rrna and internal transcribed spacer region identifies new species of trichonympha and trichomitopsis from the hindgut of the termite Zootermopsis Angusticollis
    PLOS ONE, 2013
    Co-Authors: Erick R. James, Steve J. Perlman, Patrick J. Keeling
    Abstract:

    : To aid in their digestion of wood, lower termites are known to harbour a diverse community of prokaryotes as well as parabasalid and oxymonad protist symbionts. One of the best-studied lower termite gut communities is that of Zootermopsis Angusticollis which has been known for almost 100 years to possess 3 species of Trichonympha (T. campanula, T. collaris, and T. sphaerica), 1 species of Trichomitopsis (T. termopsidis), as well as smaller flagellates. We have re-assessed this community by sequencing the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region from a large number of single Trichonympha and Trichomitopsis cells for which morphology was also documented. Based on phylogenetic clustering and sequence divergence, we identify 3 new species: Trichonympha postcylindrica, Trichomitopsis minor, and Trichomitopsis parvus spp. nov. Once identified by sequencing, the morphology of the isolated cells for all 3 new species was re-examined and found to be distinct from the previously described species: Trichonympha postcylindrica can be morphologically distinguished from the other Trichonympha species by an extension on its posterior end, whereas Trichomitopsis minor and T. parvus are smaller than T. termopsidis but similar in size to each other and cannot be distinguished based on morphology using light microscopy. Given that Z. Angusticollis has one of the best characterized hindgut communities, the near doubling of the number of the largest and most easily identifiable symbiont species suggests that the diversity of hindgut symbionts is substantially underestimated in other termites as well. Accurate descriptions of the diversity of these microbial communities are essential for understanding hindgut ecology and disentangling the interactions among the symbionts, and molecular barcoding should be a priority for these systems.

  • Comparing SSU and ITS barcodes from manually isolated Trichomitopsis cells from Zootermopsis Angusticollis.
    2013
    Co-Authors: Vera Tai, Erick R. James, Steve J. Perlman, Patrick J. Keeling
    Abstract:

    A) Pairwise similarity matrix for DNA sequences from Trichomitopsis species. The upper and lower values are for SSU and ITS sequences, respectively. The mean pairwise similarities (± standard deviation) for comparisons of sequences within and between species are reported. B) Phylogenetic tree of single-cell ITS barcodes from Trichomitopsis isolated from the hindgut of Zootermopsis Angusticollis. Sequences from Pentatrichomonas hominis and Trichomonas tenax were included to root the tree. The best ML tree is shown. Numbers at nodes indicate ML bootstrap support and Bayesian posterior probability values. Statistical support is shown only for nodes with >70% bootstrap support and >0.90 posterior probability.

  • Comparing SSU and ITS barcodes from manually isolated Trichonympha cells from Zootermopsis Angusticollis.
    2013
    Co-Authors: Vera Tai, Erick R. James, Steve J. Perlman, Patrick J. Keeling
    Abstract:

    A) Pairwise similarity matrix for DNA sequences from Trichonympha species. The upper and lower values are for SSU and ITS sequences, respectively. The mean pairwise similarities (± standard deviation) for comparisons of sequences within and between species are reported. B) Phylogenetic tree of single-cell ITS barcodes from Trichonympha isolated from the hindgut of Zootermopsis Angusticollis. Sequences from Hexamastix mitis and Monocercomonas colubrorum were included to root the tree. The best ML tree is shown. Numbers at nodes indicate ML bootstrap support and Bayesian posterior probability values. Statistical support is shown only for nodes with >70% bootstrap support and >0.90 posterior probability. Statistical support for the T. campanula node (in italics) is also shown which does not satisfy the above criteria.

  • Phylogenetic tree of single-cell SSU rRNA barcodes from Trichonympha isolated from the hindgut of Zootermopsis Angusticollis.
    2013
    Co-Authors: Vera Tai, Erick R. James, Steve J. Perlman, Patrick J. Keeling
    Abstract:

    Images are examples of manually isolated cells with arrows pointing to the SSU sequences obtained from these single cells. SSU rRNA sequences from Trichonympha species from Zootermopsis nevadensis were included for reference (T. sphaerica  =  AB434784, T. campanula  =  AB434812, and T. collaris  =  AB434783). AF023622 is from T. collaris isolated from the hindgut of Z. Angusticollis. Also included are representatives of the next most closely related SSU rRNA sequences available: T. agilis from Reticulitermes speratus  =  AB003920, T. sp. from Hodotermopsis sjoestedti  =  AB326373, T. sp. from Reticulitermes santonensis  =  AB434787, T. tabogae from Incisitermes tabogae  =  AB434793. The best ML tree is shown. Numbers at nodes indicate ML bootstrap support and Bayesian posterior probability values. Statistical support is shown only for nodes with >70% bootstrap support and >0.90 posterior probability.