Zuclopenthixol Acetate

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H S Lee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • clinical evaluation and serum concentration of Zuclopenthixol Acetate in psychotic asian patients a single dose preliminary study
    Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, 1993
    Co-Authors: Chay Hoon Tan, Beelee Low, Yokmoi Khoo, H S Lee
    Abstract:

    Nineteen acutely disturbed psychotic Asian patients were treated with a single intramuscular injection of 50 mg of Zuclopenthixol Acetate in Viscoleo. Patients were assessed clinically before and after treatment using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Serum Zuclopenthixol and the inactive geometric isomer trans(E)-clopenthixol were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography after intramuscular injection. All patients improved, with the BPRS being significantly reduced (p<0.001) at 72 h after injection. Adverse effects were generally few. The mean±SEM serum Zuclopenthixol concentrations at 24, 48, and 72 h were 19.9±2.8, 31.5±4.5, and 17.8±2.9 μg/L, respectively

  • Clinical evaluation and serum concentration of Zuclopenthixol Acetate in psychotic Asian patients : a single-dose preliminary study
    Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, 1993
    Co-Authors: Chay Hoon Tan, Beelee Low, Yokmoi Khoo, H S Lee
    Abstract:

    Nineteen acutely disturbed psychotic Asian patients were treated with a single intramuscular injection of 50 mg of Zuclopenthixol Acetate in Viscoleo. Patients were assessed clinically before and after treatment using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Serum Zuclopenthixol and the inactive geometric isomer trans(E)-clopenthixol were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography after intramuscular injection. All patients improved, with the BPRS being significantly reduced (p

  • Clinical evaluation and serum concentration of Zuclopenthixol Acetate in psychotic Asian patients : a single-dose preliminary study
    Therapeutic drug monitoring, 1993
    Co-Authors: Chay Hoon Tan, Beelee Low, Yokmoi Khoo, H S Lee
    Abstract:

    Nineteen acutely disturbed psychotic Asian patients were treated with a single intramuscular injection of 50 mg of Zuclopenthixol Acetate in Viscoleo. Patients were assessed clinically before and after treatment using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Serum Zuclopenthixol and the inactive geometric isomer trans(E)-clopenthixol were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography after intramuscular injection. All patients improved, with the BPRS being significantly reduced (p < 0.001) at 72 h after injection. Adverse effects were generally few. The mean +/- SEM serum Zuclopenthixol concentrations at 24, 48, and 72 h were 19.9 +/- 2.8, 31.5 +/- 4.5, and 17.8 +/- 2.9 micrograms/L, respectively. trans(E)-Clopenthixol concentrations ranged from negligible to 39.5 micrograms/L. This study confirms that a single intramuscular injection of 50 mg is adequate for managing severely disturbed psychotic patients for the first 3 days. The serum Zuclopenthixol concentrations attained in the Asian patients were higher than those reported in Caucasian psychiatric patients. In some patients, a considerable amount of Zuclopenthixol had been transformed to trans(E)-clopenthixol.

Chay Hoon Tan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • clinical evaluation and serum concentration of Zuclopenthixol Acetate in psychotic asian patients a single dose preliminary study
    Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, 1993
    Co-Authors: Chay Hoon Tan, Beelee Low, Yokmoi Khoo, H S Lee
    Abstract:

    Nineteen acutely disturbed psychotic Asian patients were treated with a single intramuscular injection of 50 mg of Zuclopenthixol Acetate in Viscoleo. Patients were assessed clinically before and after treatment using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Serum Zuclopenthixol and the inactive geometric isomer trans(E)-clopenthixol were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography after intramuscular injection. All patients improved, with the BPRS being significantly reduced (p<0.001) at 72 h after injection. Adverse effects were generally few. The mean±SEM serum Zuclopenthixol concentrations at 24, 48, and 72 h were 19.9±2.8, 31.5±4.5, and 17.8±2.9 μg/L, respectively

  • Clinical evaluation and serum concentration of Zuclopenthixol Acetate in psychotic Asian patients : a single-dose preliminary study
    Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, 1993
    Co-Authors: Chay Hoon Tan, Beelee Low, Yokmoi Khoo, H S Lee
    Abstract:

    Nineteen acutely disturbed psychotic Asian patients were treated with a single intramuscular injection of 50 mg of Zuclopenthixol Acetate in Viscoleo. Patients were assessed clinically before and after treatment using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Serum Zuclopenthixol and the inactive geometric isomer trans(E)-clopenthixol were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography after intramuscular injection. All patients improved, with the BPRS being significantly reduced (p

  • Clinical evaluation and serum concentration of Zuclopenthixol Acetate in psychotic Asian patients : a single-dose preliminary study
    Therapeutic drug monitoring, 1993
    Co-Authors: Chay Hoon Tan, Beelee Low, Yokmoi Khoo, H S Lee
    Abstract:

    Nineteen acutely disturbed psychotic Asian patients were treated with a single intramuscular injection of 50 mg of Zuclopenthixol Acetate in Viscoleo. Patients were assessed clinically before and after treatment using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Serum Zuclopenthixol and the inactive geometric isomer trans(E)-clopenthixol were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography after intramuscular injection. All patients improved, with the BPRS being significantly reduced (p < 0.001) at 72 h after injection. Adverse effects were generally few. The mean +/- SEM serum Zuclopenthixol concentrations at 24, 48, and 72 h were 19.9 +/- 2.8, 31.5 +/- 4.5, and 17.8 +/- 2.9 micrograms/L, respectively. trans(E)-Clopenthixol concentrations ranged from negligible to 39.5 micrograms/L. This study confirms that a single intramuscular injection of 50 mg is adequate for managing severely disturbed psychotic patients for the first 3 days. The serum Zuclopenthixol concentrations attained in the Asian patients were higher than those reported in Caucasian psychiatric patients. In some patients, a considerable amount of Zuclopenthixol had been transformed to trans(E)-clopenthixol.

Mahesh Jayaram - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The Cochrane Library - Zuclopenthixol versus placebo for schizophrenia
    Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2015
    Co-Authors: Michael Lacey, Mahesh Jayaram
    Abstract:

    Background Zuclopenthixol is an older antipsychotic that has three distinct formulations (Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride, Zuclopenthixol Acetate or Acuphase and Zuclopenthixol decanoate). Although it has been in common use for many years no previous systematic review of its efficacy compared to placebo in schizophrenia has been undertaken. Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of all formulations of Zuclopenthixol when compared with a placebo in schizophrenia. Search methods On 6 November 2013 and 20 October 2015, we searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register, which is based on regular searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, BIOSIS, AMED, PubMed, PsycINFO, and registries of clinical trials. We also checked the references of all included studies and contacted authors of included studies for relevant studies and data. Selection criteria We included all randomised controlled trials comparing Zuclopenthixol of any form with placebo for treatment of schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychoses. Data collection and analysis We extracted and cross-checked data independently. We identified only a small number of studies so we cross checked all studies. We calculated fixed-effect relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for dichotomous data. We analysed by intention-to-treat. Where possible we converted continuous outcomes into dichotomous outcomes. When this was not possible we used mean differences (MD) for continuous variables. We assessed risk of bias for included studies and used GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) to create a 'Summary of findings' table. Main results Only two studies, with a total of 65 participants, were eligible for inclusion in the review. Overall the quality of the two studies was low, with small study populations and significant sources of bias, so we were not able to use all the data in our comparisons. . The studies were old from 1968 and 1972, and would be unlikely to pass modern peer review standard. We were only able to find short-term data and only trials randomising Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride. We also hoped to identify data for Zuclopenthixol Acetate versus placebo and Zuclopenthixol decanoate versus placebo comparisons. We were unable to identify any studies that included data on these two fairly widely used drugs. For our primary outcome of interest, clinically significant improvement, we found one study that provided useable data. Global state measured by clinical global impression scale (CGI) improvement showed different ratings when assessed by a psychiatrist or a nurse.The psychiatrist scores failed to achieve statistical significance, however when assessed by nursing staff, the difference favouring Zuclopenthixol did reach statistical significance (1 RCT n = 29, RR 2.57 95% CI 1.06 to 6.20, very low quality data). There was also evidence of increased sedation with those treated with Zuclopenthixol when compared with placebo (1 RCT n = 29, RR 4.67 95% CI 1.23 to 17.68, very low quality data). 'Leaving the study early' data were equivocal. No useable data were available for outcomes such as relapse, mental state, death, quality of life, service use or economic costs. Authors' conclusions For people with schizophrenia this review shows that Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride may help with the symptoms of schizophrenia. The review provides some trial evidence that, if taking Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride, people may experience some adverse effects and sedation compared with placebo. However this evidence is of very low quality and with some significant sources of bias. There are no data for Zuclopenthixol decanoate or Zuclopenthixol Acetate. For clinicians, the available trial data on the absolute effectiveness of Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride do support its use but the limited nature of the data and significant sources of bias make conclusions hard to draw. Zuclopenthixol in all three forms is a commonly used antipsychotic and it is disappointing that there are so few data regarding its use.

  • Zuclopenthixol versus placebo for schizophrenia
    Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2015
    Co-Authors: Michael Lacey, Mahesh Jayaram
    Abstract:

    Background Zuclopenthixol is an older antipsychotic that has three distinct formulations (Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride, Zuclopenthixol Acetate or Acuphase and Zuclopenthixol decanoate). Although it has been in common use for many years no previous systematic review of its efficacy compared to placebo in schizophrenia has been undertaken. Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of all formulations of Zuclopenthixol when compared with a placebo in schizophrenia. Search methods On 6 November 2013 and 20 October 2015, we searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register, which is based on regular searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, BIOSIS, AMED, PubMed, PsycINFO, and registries of clinical trials. We also checked the references of all included studies and contacted authors of included studies for relevant studies and data. Selection criteria We included all randomised controlled trials comparing Zuclopenthixol of any form with placebo for treatment of schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychoses. Data collection and analysis We extracted and cross-checked data independently. We identified only a small number of studies so we cross checked all studies. We calculated fixed-effect relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for dichotomous data. We analysed by intention-to-treat. Where possible we converted continuous outcomes into dichotomous outcomes. When this was not possible we used mean differences (MD) for continuous variables. We assessed risk of bias for included studies and used GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) to create a 'Summary of findings' table. Main results Only two studies, with a total of 65 participants, were eligible for inclusion in the review. Overall the quality of the two studies was low, with small study populations and significant sources of bias, so we were not able to use all the data in our comparisons. . The studies were old from 1968 and 1972, and would be unlikely to pass modern peer review standard. We were only able to find short-term data and only trials randomising Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride. We also hoped to identify data for Zuclopenthixol Acetate versus placebo and Zuclopenthixol decanoate versus placebo comparisons. We were unable to identify any studies that included data on these two fairly widely used drugs. For our primary outcome of interest, clinically significant improvement, we found one study that provided useable data. Global state measured by clinical global impression scale (CGI) improvement showed different ratings when assessed by a psychiatrist or a nurse.The psychiatrist scores failed to achieve statistical significance, however when assessed by nursing staff, the difference favouring Zuclopenthixol did reach statistical significance (1 RCT n = 29, RR 2.57 95% CI 1.06 to 6.20, very low quality data). There was also evidence of increased sedation with those treated with Zuclopenthixol when compared with placebo (1 RCT n = 29, RR 4.67 95% CI 1.23 to 17.68, very low quality data). 'Leaving the study early' data were equivocal. No useable data were available for outcomes such as relapse, mental state, death, quality of life, service use or economic costs. Authors' conclusions For people with schizophrenia this review shows that Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride may help with the symptoms of schizophrenia. The review provides some trial evidence that, if taking Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride, people may experience some adverse effects and sedation compared with placebo. However this evidence is of very low quality and with some significant sources of bias. There are no data for Zuclopenthixol decanoate or Zuclopenthixol Acetate. For clinicians, the available trial data on the absolute effectiveness of Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride do support its use but the limited nature of the data and significant sources of bias make conclusions hard to draw. Zuclopenthixol in all three forms is a commonly used antipsychotic and it is disappointing that there are so few data regarding its use.

C Campbell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Zuclopenthixol Acetate for acute schizophrenia and similar serious mental illnesses.
    The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2004
    Co-Authors: Roger Carl Gibson, M Fenton, E S Coutinho, C Campbell
    Abstract:

    Medication used for acute aggression in psychiatry must have rapid onset of effect, low frequency of administration and low levels of adverse effects. Zuclopenthixol Acetate is said to have these properties. To estimate the clinical effects of Zuclopenthixol Acetate for the management of acute aggression or violence thought to be due to serious mental illnesses, in comparison to other drugs used to treat similar conditions. We supplemented past searches of Current Controlled Trials (10/2000), the Cochrane Library (1997) and MEDLINE (1966-1997) and appeals for unpublished data with an update search of the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group's Register of trials (September 2003). All randomised clinical trials involving people thought to have serious mental illnesses comparing Zuclopenthixol Acetate with other drugs. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers and cross-checked. We calculated fixed effects relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for dichotomous data. Where possible, the number needed to treat/harm statistic (NNT/H) was calculated. We analyzed by intention-to-treat. Mean differences were used for continuous variables. We found no data for the primary outcome, tranquilisation. Compared with haloperidol, Zuclopenthixol Acetate was no more sedating at two hours (n=40, 1 RCT, RR 0.60 CI 0.27 to 1.34). People given Zuclopenthixol Acetate were not at reduced risk of being given supplementary antipsychotics (n=134, 3 RCTs, RR 1.49 CI 0.97 to 2.30) although additional use of benzodiazepines was less (n=50, 1 RCT, RR 0.03 CI 0.00 to 0.47, NNT 2 CI 2 to 4). People given Zuclopenthixol Acetate had fewer injections over seven days compared with those allocated to haloperidol IM (n=70, 1 RCT, RR 0.39 CI 0.18 to 0.84, NNT 4 CI 3 to 14). We found no data on more episodes of aggression or harm to self or others. One trial (n=148) reported no significant difference in adverse effects for people receiving Zuclopenthixol Acetate compared with those allocated haloperidol at one, three and six days (RR 0.74 CI 0.43 to 1.27). Compared with haloperidol or clotiapine, people allocated Zuclopenthixol did not seem to be at more risk of a range of movement disorders (<20%). Three studies found no difference in the proportion of people getting blurred vision/ dry mouth (n=192, 2 RCTs, RR at 24 hours 0.90 CI 0.48 to 1.70). Similarly dizziness was equally infrequent for those allocated Zuclopenthixol Acetate compared with haloperidol (n=192, 2 RCTs, RR at 24 hours 1.15 CI 0.46 to 2.88). There was no difference between treatments for leaving the study before completion (n=522, RR 0.85 CI 0.31 to 2.31). Recommendations on the use of Zuclopenthixol Acetate for the management of psychiatric emergencies in preference to 'standard' treatment have to be viewed with caution. Most trials present important methodological flaws and findings are poorly reported. This review did not find any suggestion that Zuclopenthixol Acetate is more or less effective in controlling aggressive acute psychosis, or in preventing adverse effects than intramuscular haloperidol, and neither seemed to have a rapid onset of action. Well-conducted pragmatic randomised controlled trials are needed.

  • Zuclopenthixol Acetate in the treatment of acute schizophrenia and similar serious mental illnesses
    Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2001
    Co-Authors: M Fenton, E Coutinho, C Campbell
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND People with schizophrenia or other psychotic illnesses may have delusions or hallucinations that may lead them to be aggressive or violent to themselves or others. Medication that is used in this context requires the properties of rapid onset of effect (tranquillisation or at least initial sedation in order to quell aggressive or disorganised behaviour, but also antipsychotic effect), low frequency of administration and low levels of side effects, such as cardiological or neurological side effects, or pain at the injection site. Zuclopenthixol is the cis(Z)-isomer of clopenthixol, a neuroleptic of the thioxanthene group, used for treating people with psychotic symptoms. There is one oral preparation and two depot forms: Zuclopenthixol Acetate and Zuclopenthixol decanoate. The Acetate version does not stay in the body for very long (a single dose persists for only 72 hours) and is said to have these properties. OBJECTIVES To estimate the effectiveness of Zuclopenthixol Acetate for the acute treatment of serious mental illnesses in comparison to other neuroleptic drugs. SEARCH STRATEGY Searches of Current Controlled Trials (http://www.controlled-trials.com - accessed 5.10.2000), Cochrane Schizophrenia Group's Register of Trials (January 2001), the Cochrane Library (1997, CD-ROM, issue 2), MEDLINE (1966-1997) were supplemented by appeals for unpublished data to the research community and to the Medical Information Department of Lundbeck Limited. Attempts were made to contact relevant authors. SELECTION CRITERIA Two reviewers independently assessed citations or papers and selected all randomised trials that included people with serious mental illnesses and compared Zuclopenthixol Acetate with other drug regimes. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two reviewers extracted data independently. Attempts were made to contact authors for additional or missing information. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated for binary data. Where possible, OR were pooled using Peto method and intention-to-treat analysis undertaken. Mean differences were used for continuous variables. MAIN RESULTS Pooled data show no difference for the outcome 'no important improvement' in psychotic symptoms at the end of the follow-up period (OR 0.84 CI 0.34-2.05). Sedation was evaluated using different instruments. Only one study presented data which suggested an earlier and more intense sedation in Zuclopenthixol Acetate users at four hours (OR 0.18 CI 0.04-0.93). Use of additional antipsychotic medication was not avoided in the Zuclopenthixol Acetate group (OR 2.18, CI 0.64-7.42) and data on total number of administrations were not obtainable. Side effect data were poorly reported but there is no evidence of a consistent difference between Zuclopenthixol Acetate and other 'standard drugs' for either the pattern of side effects or the wish to leave the study early. Hospital and service outcomes, number of aggressive incidents, satisfaction with care and economic outcomes were not addressed by any study. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS Recommendations on the use of Zuclopenthixol Acetate for the management of psychiatric emergencies in preference to 'standard' treatment have to be viewed with caution. Most trials present important methodological flaws and findings are poorly reported. This review did not find any suggestion that Zuclopenthixol Acetate is more effective in controlling aggressive/disorganised behaviour, acute psychotic symptoms, or preventing side effects. There were no data directly related to tranquillisation, but it may produce more earlier and intense sedation than oral haloperidol. Well-conducted randomised controlled trials are needed to confirm claims related to the use of Zuclopenthixol Acetate in emergency psychiatry.

  • Zuclopenthixol Acetate in the treatment of acute schizophrenia and similar serious mental illnesses.
    The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2000
    Co-Authors: M Fenton, E S Coutinho, C Campbell
    Abstract:

    People with schizophrenia or other psychotic illnesses may have delusions or hallucinations that may lead them to be aggressive or violent to themselves or others. Medication that is used in this context require the properties of rapid onset of effect (tranquillisation or at least initial sedation in order to quell aggressive or disorganised behaviour, but also antipsychotic effect), low frequency of administration and low levels of side effects, such as cardiological or neurological side effects, or pain at the injection site. Zuclopenthixol is the cis(Z)-isomer of clopenthixol, a neuroleptic of the thioxanthene group, used for treating people with psychotic symptoms. There is one oral preparation and two depot forms: Zuclopenthixol Acetate and Zuclopenthixol decanoate. The Acetate version does not stay in the body for very long (a single dose persists for only 72 hours) and is said to have these properties. To estimate the effectiveness of Zuclopenthixol Acetate for the acute treatment of serious mental illnesses in comparison to other neuroleptic drugs. Searches of the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group's Register of Trials, The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, abstracts of congresses and trial reference lists were performed. Appeals for unpublished data to the research community and to the Medical Information Department of Lundbeck Limited were also made. Attempts were made to contact relevant authors. Two reviewers independently assessed citations or papers and selected all randomised trials that included people with serious mental illnesses and compared Zuclopenthixol Acetate with other drug regimes. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers. Attempts were made to contact authors for additional or missing information. Odds-ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated for binary data. Where possible, OR were pooled using Peto method and intention-to-treat analysis undertaken. Mean differences were used for continuous variables. Pooled data shows no difference for the outcome 'no important improvement' in psychotic symptoms at the end of the follow-up period (OR 0.84 CI 0. 34-2.05). Sedation was evaluated using different instruments. Only one study presented data which suggested an earlier and more intense sedation in Zuclopenthixol Acetate users at 4 hours (OR 0.18 CI 0. 04-0.93). Use of additional antipsychotic medication was not avoided in the zuclopentixol Acetate group (OR 2.18, CI 0.64-7.42) and data on total number of administrations was not obtainable. Side effect data were poorly reported but there is no evidence of a consistent difference between Zuclopenthixol Acetate and other 'standard drugs' for either the pattern of side effects or the wish to leave the study early. Hospital and service outcomes, number of aggressive incidents, satisfaction with care and economic outcomes were not addressed by any study. Recommendations on the use of Zuclopenthixol Acetate for the management of psychiatric emergencies in preference to 'standard' treatment have to be viewed with caution. Most trials present important methodological flaws and findings are poorly reported. This review did not find any suggestion that Zuclopenthixol Acetate is more effective in controlling aggressive/disorganised behaviour, acute psychotic symptoms, or preventing side effects. There were no data directly related to tranquillisation, but it may produce more earlier and intense sedation than oral haloperidol. Well conducted randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm claims related to the use of Zuclopenthixol Acetate in emergency psychiatry.

  • Zuclopenthixol Acetate in psychiatric emergencies: looking for evidence from clinical trials.
    Schizophrenia Research, 2000
    Co-Authors: E Coutinho, M Fenton, C Adams, C Campbell
    Abstract:

    Case series and reviews have suggested the effectiveness of Zuclopenthixol Acetate in the acute management of disturbed behaviour caused by serious mental illnesses. This review investigates the trial-based evidence for these suggestions. All randomized clinical trials comparing Zuclopenthixol Acetate to other 'standard' treatments for the acute management of those with serious mental illnesses were identified and, if possible, their results summated. Six trials were identified. All had methodological problems and one did not meet the minimal methodological inclusion criteria. The summary data do not demonstrate that Zuclopenthixol Acetate is better than 'standard care' for altering behaviour, decreasing the need for supplementary medication, avoiding side-effects, or postponing early discharge against medical advice. One trial, however, presented data that suggested an earlier, more intense level of sedation. Recommendations of reviews and open studies for the use of Zuclopenthixol Acetate in preference to 'standard' treatments in the psychiatric emergency are not supported by evidence from randomized controlled trials.

Yokmoi Khoo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • clinical evaluation and serum concentration of Zuclopenthixol Acetate in psychotic asian patients a single dose preliminary study
    Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, 1993
    Co-Authors: Chay Hoon Tan, Beelee Low, Yokmoi Khoo, H S Lee
    Abstract:

    Nineteen acutely disturbed psychotic Asian patients were treated with a single intramuscular injection of 50 mg of Zuclopenthixol Acetate in Viscoleo. Patients were assessed clinically before and after treatment using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Serum Zuclopenthixol and the inactive geometric isomer trans(E)-clopenthixol were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography after intramuscular injection. All patients improved, with the BPRS being significantly reduced (p<0.001) at 72 h after injection. Adverse effects were generally few. The mean±SEM serum Zuclopenthixol concentrations at 24, 48, and 72 h were 19.9±2.8, 31.5±4.5, and 17.8±2.9 μg/L, respectively

  • Clinical evaluation and serum concentration of Zuclopenthixol Acetate in psychotic Asian patients : a single-dose preliminary study
    Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, 1993
    Co-Authors: Chay Hoon Tan, Beelee Low, Yokmoi Khoo, H S Lee
    Abstract:

    Nineteen acutely disturbed psychotic Asian patients were treated with a single intramuscular injection of 50 mg of Zuclopenthixol Acetate in Viscoleo. Patients were assessed clinically before and after treatment using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Serum Zuclopenthixol and the inactive geometric isomer trans(E)-clopenthixol were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography after intramuscular injection. All patients improved, with the BPRS being significantly reduced (p

  • Clinical evaluation and serum concentration of Zuclopenthixol Acetate in psychotic Asian patients : a single-dose preliminary study
    Therapeutic drug monitoring, 1993
    Co-Authors: Chay Hoon Tan, Beelee Low, Yokmoi Khoo, H S Lee
    Abstract:

    Nineteen acutely disturbed psychotic Asian patients were treated with a single intramuscular injection of 50 mg of Zuclopenthixol Acetate in Viscoleo. Patients were assessed clinically before and after treatment using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Serum Zuclopenthixol and the inactive geometric isomer trans(E)-clopenthixol were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography after intramuscular injection. All patients improved, with the BPRS being significantly reduced (p < 0.001) at 72 h after injection. Adverse effects were generally few. The mean +/- SEM serum Zuclopenthixol concentrations at 24, 48, and 72 h were 19.9 +/- 2.8, 31.5 +/- 4.5, and 17.8 +/- 2.9 micrograms/L, respectively. trans(E)-Clopenthixol concentrations ranged from negligible to 39.5 micrograms/L. This study confirms that a single intramuscular injection of 50 mg is adequate for managing severely disturbed psychotic patients for the first 3 days. The serum Zuclopenthixol concentrations attained in the Asian patients were higher than those reported in Caucasian psychiatric patients. In some patients, a considerable amount of Zuclopenthixol had been transformed to trans(E)-clopenthixol.