The Experts below are selected from a list of 3291 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Grahame D Hardie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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activation of glut1 by metabolic and osmotic stress potential involvement of amp activated protein kinase ampk
Journal of Cell Science, 2002Co-Authors: Kay Barnes, Grahame D Hardie, David Carling, Fabienne Foufelle, Jean C Ingram, Omar Porras, Felipe L Barros, Emma R Hudson, Lee G D Fryer, Stephen A BaldwinAbstract:In the rat liver epithelial cell line Clone 9, the V max for glucose uptake is actuely increased by inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation and by osmotic stress. By using a membrane-impermeant photoaffinity labelling reagent together with an isoform-specific antibody, we have, for the first time, provided direct evidence for the involvement of the GLUT1 glucose transporter isoform in this response. Transport stimulation was found to be associated with enhanced accessibility of GLUT1 to its substrate and with photolabelling of formerly `cryptic9 exofacial substrate binding sites in GLUT1 molecules. The total amount of cell surface GLUT1 remained constant. The precise mechanism for this binding site `unmasking9 is unclear but appears to involve AMP-activated protein kinase: in the current study, osmotic and metabolic stresses were found to result in activation of the α1 isoform of AMP-activated protein kinase, and transport stimulation could be mimicked both by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside and by infection of cells with a recombinant adenovirus encoding constitutively active AMP-activated protein kinase. The effect of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside, as for metabolic stress, was on the V max rather than on the K m for transport and did not affect the cell-surface concentration of GLUT1. The relevant downstream target(s) of AMP-activated protein kinase have not yet been identified, but stimulation of transport by inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation or by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside was not prevented by either inhibitors of conventional and novel protein kinase C isoforms or inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase. These enzymes, which have been implicated in stress-regulated pathways in other cell types, are therefore unlikely to play a role in transport regulation by stress in Clone 9 cells.
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effect of fiber type and nutritional state on aicar and contraction stimulated glucose transport in rat muscle
American Journal of Physiology-endocrinology and Metabolism, 2002Co-Authors: Jacob Ihlemann, Grahame D Hardie, Ylva Hellsten, Hans P M M Lauritzen, H Galbo, Thorkil PlougAbstract:AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) may mediate the stimulatory effect of contraction and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) on glucose transport in skeletal muscle. In muscles w...
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5 aminoimidazole 4 carboxamide ribonucleoside
FEBS Journal, 1995Co-Authors: Julia M. Corton, John G. Gillespie, Simon A. Hawley, Grahame D HardieAbstract:The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is believed to protect cells against environmental stress (e.g. heat shock) by switching off biosynthetic pathways, the key signal being elevation of AMP. Identification of novel targets for the kinase cascade would be facilitated by development of a specific agent for activating the kinase in intact cells. Incubation of rat hepatocytes with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) results in accumulation of the monophosphorylated derivative (5-aminoimidaz-ole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside; ZMP) within the cell. ZMP mimics both activating effects of AMP on AMPK, i.e. direct allosteric activation and promotion of phosphorylation by AMPK kinase. Unlike existing methods for activating AMPK in intact cells (e.g. fructose, heat shock), AICAR does not perturb the cellular contents of ATP, ADP or AMP. Incubation of hepatocytes with AICAR activates AMPK due to increased phosphorylation, causes phosphorylation and inactivation of a known target for AMPK (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase), and almost total cessation of two of the known target pathways, i.e. fatty acid and sterol synthesis. Incubation of isolated adipocytes with AICAR antagonizes isoprenaline-induced lipolysis. This provides direct evidence that the inhibition by AMPK of activation of hormone-sensitive lipase by cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase, previously demonstrated in cell-free assays, also operates in intact cells. AICAR should be a useful tool for identifying new target pathways and processes regulated by the protein kinase cascade.
Julia M. Corton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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5 aminoimidazole 4 carboxamide ribonucleoside a specific method for activating amp activated protein kinase in intact cells
FEBS Journal, 1995Co-Authors: Julia M. Corton, John G. Gillespie, Simon A. Hawley, D G HardieAbstract:: The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is believed to protect cells against environmental stress (e.g. heat shock) by switching off biosynthetic pathways, the key signal being elevation of AMP. Identification of novel targets for the kinase cascade would be facilitated by development of a specific agent for activating the kinase in intact cells. Incubation of rat hepatocytes with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) results in accumulation of the monophosphorylated derivative (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside; ZMP) within the cell. ZMP mimics both activating effects of AMP on AMPK, i.e. direct allosteric activation and promotion of phosphorylation by AMPK kinase. Unlike existing methods for activating AMPK in intact cells (e.g. fructose, heat shock), AICAR does not perturb the cellular contents of ATP, ADP or AMP. Incubation of hepatocytes with AICAR activates AMPK due to increased phosphorylation, causes phosphorylation and inactivation of a known target for AMPK (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase), and almost total cessation of two of the known target pathways, i.e. fatty acid and sterol synthesis. Incubation of isolated adipocytes with AICAR antagonizes isoprenaline-induced lipolysis. This provides direct evidence that the inhibition by AMPK of activation of hormone-sensitive lipase by cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase, previously demonstrated in cell-free assays, also operates in intact cells. AICAR should be a useful tool for identifying new target pathways and processes regulated by the protein kinase cascade.
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5‐Aminoimidazole‐4‐Carboxamide Ribonucleoside
FEBS Journal, 1995Co-Authors: Julia M. Corton, John G. Gillespie, Simon A. Hawley, D. Grahame HardieAbstract:The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is believed to protect cells against environmental stress (e.g. heat shock) by switching off biosynthetic pathways, the key signal being elevation of AMP. Identification of novel targets for the kinase cascade would be facilitated by development of a specific agent for activating the kinase in intact cells. Incubation of rat hepatocytes with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) results in accumulation of the monophosphorylated derivative (5-aminoimidaz-ole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside; ZMP) within the cell. ZMP mimics both activating effects of AMP on AMPK, i.e. direct allosteric activation and promotion of phosphorylation by AMPK kinase. Unlike existing methods for activating AMPK in intact cells (e.g. fructose, heat shock), AICAR does not perturb the cellular contents of ATP, ADP or AMP. Incubation of hepatocytes with AICAR activates AMPK due to increased phosphorylation, causes phosphorylation and inactivation of a known target for AMPK (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase), and almost total cessation of two of the known target pathways, i.e. fatty acid and sterol synthesis. Incubation of isolated adipocytes with AICAR antagonizes isoprenaline-induced lipolysis. This provides direct evidence that the inhibition by AMPK of activation of hormone-sensitive lipase by cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase, previously demonstrated in cell-free assays, also operates in intact cells. AICAR should be a useful tool for identifying new target pathways and processes regulated by the protein kinase cascade.
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5 aminoimidazole 4 carboxamide ribonucleoside
FEBS Journal, 1995Co-Authors: Julia M. Corton, John G. Gillespie, Simon A. Hawley, Grahame D HardieAbstract:The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is believed to protect cells against environmental stress (e.g. heat shock) by switching off biosynthetic pathways, the key signal being elevation of AMP. Identification of novel targets for the kinase cascade would be facilitated by development of a specific agent for activating the kinase in intact cells. Incubation of rat hepatocytes with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) results in accumulation of the monophosphorylated derivative (5-aminoimidaz-ole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside; ZMP) within the cell. ZMP mimics both activating effects of AMP on AMPK, i.e. direct allosteric activation and promotion of phosphorylation by AMPK kinase. Unlike existing methods for activating AMPK in intact cells (e.g. fructose, heat shock), AICAR does not perturb the cellular contents of ATP, ADP or AMP. Incubation of hepatocytes with AICAR activates AMPK due to increased phosphorylation, causes phosphorylation and inactivation of a known target for AMPK (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase), and almost total cessation of two of the known target pathways, i.e. fatty acid and sterol synthesis. Incubation of isolated adipocytes with AICAR antagonizes isoprenaline-induced lipolysis. This provides direct evidence that the inhibition by AMPK of activation of hormone-sensitive lipase by cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase, previously demonstrated in cell-free assays, also operates in intact cells. AICAR should be a useful tool for identifying new target pathways and processes regulated by the protein kinase cascade.
Yuanhong Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Gold-Catalyzed Formal [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Ynamides with 4,5-Dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazoles: Synthesis of Functionalized 4-Aminoimidazoles
Organic letters, 2017Co-Authors: Gaonan Wang, Ning Sun, Yuanhong LiuAbstract:A gold-catalyzed formal [3 + 2] cycloaddition of ynamides with 4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazoles has been developed. The reaction provides a concise and regioselective access to highly functionalized 4-Aminoimidazoles likely via the formation of an α-imino gold carbene intermediate followed by cyclization. 4,5-Dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazole was found to act as an efficient N-iminonitrene equivalent in these reactions.
A. Stephen K. Hashmi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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α-Imino Gold Carbenes from 1,2,4-Oxadiazoles: Atom-Economical Access to Fully Substituted 4-Aminoimidazoles
Organic letters, 2017Co-Authors: Zhongyi Zeng, Hongming Jin, Jin Xie, Bing Tian, Matthias Rudolph, Frank Rominger, A. Stephen K. HashmiAbstract:A novel and atom-economical synthesis of fully substituted 4-Aminoimidazoles via gold-catalyzed selective [3 + 2] annulation of 1,2,4-oxadiazoles with ynamides is reported. This protocol represents a new strategy to access α-imino gold carbenes, which corresponds to an unprecedented intermolecular transfer of N-acylimino nitrenes to ynamides. Moreover, the reaction proceeds with 100% atom economy, exhibits good functional group tolerance, and can be conducted in gram scale.
Reinhard Troschütz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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[4+2] Cycloaddition of Dimethyl 1,2,4,5-Tetrazine-3,6-dicarboxylate with EWG-Substituted Primary Ketene N,O-Acetals : Synthesis of Tetrafunctional Pyridazines and Pyrroles
Synthesis, 2006Co-Authors: Jörg Müller, Reinhard TroschützAbstract:A series of EWG-substituted primary ketene N,O-acetals were reacted with tetrazine-3,6-dicarboxylate yielding, by [4+2] cycloaddition, tetrafunctionalized pyridazines, which possess an EWG group, a primary amino function and two ester moieties. Reductive ring contraction of pyridazines gave aminopyrrole derivatives. Treatment of cyanamide with tetrazine-3,6-dicarboxylate led to a 5-amino-1,2,4-triazine derivative, which was rearranged to 4-Aminoimidazole-2,5-dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester.
