The Experts below are selected from a list of 75 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Hans H Maurer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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studies on the metabolism and toxicological detection of the new psychoactive designer drug 2 4 Iodo 2 5 dimethoxyphenyl n 2 methoxyphenyl methyl ethanamine 25i nbome in human and rat urine using gc ms lc msn and lc hr ms ms
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2015Co-Authors: Achim T Caspar, Andreas G Helfer, Julian A Michely, Volker Auwarter, Simon D Brandt, Markus R Meyer, Hans H MaurerAbstract:25I-NBOMe, a new psychoactive substance, is a potent 5-HT2A receptor agonist with strong hallucinogenic potential. Recently, it was involved in several fatal and non-fatal intoxication cases. The aim of the present work was to study its phase I and II metabolism and its detectability in urine screening approaches. After application of 25I-NBOMe to male Wistar rats, urine was collected over 24 h. The phase I and II metabolites were identified by LC-HR-MS/MS in urine after suitable workup. For the detectability studies, standard urine screening approaches (SUSA) by GC-MS, LC-MSn, and LC-HR-MS/MS were applied to rat and also to authentic human urine samples submitted for toxicological analysis. Finally, an initial CYP activity screening was performed to identify CYP isoenzymes involved in the major metabolic steps. 25I-NBOMe was mainly metabolized by O-demethylation, O,O-bis-demethylation, hydroxylation, and combinations of these reactions as well as by glucuronidation and sulfation of the main phase I metabolites. All in all, 68 metabolites could be identified. Intake of 25I-NBOMe was detectable mainly via its metabolites by both LC-MS approaches, but not by the GC-MS SUSA. Initial CYP activity screening revealed the involvement of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 in hydroxylation and CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 in O-demethylation. The presented study demonstrated that 25I-NBOMe was extensively metabolized and could be detected only by the LC-MS screening approaches. Since CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 are involved in initial metabolic steps, drug–drug interactions might occur in certain constellations.
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metabolism and toxicological detection of the designer drug 4 Iodo 2 5 dimethoxy amphetamine doi in rat urine using gas chromatography mass spectrometry
Journal of Chromatography B, 2007Co-Authors: Andreas H. Ewald, Giselher Fritschi, Hans H MaurerAbstract:Studies are described on the metabolism and the toxicological analysis of the amphetamine-derived designer drug 4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine (DOC) in rat urine using gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric techniques. The metabolites identified indicated that DOC was metabolized by O-demethylation at position 2 or 5 of the phenyl ring partly followed by glucuronidation and/or sulfation. The authors’ systematic toxicological analysis procedure using full-scan gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after acid hydrolysis, liquid-liquid extraction and microwave-assisted acetylation allowed the detection of an intake of a dose of DOC in rat urine that corresponds to a common drug user’s dose. Assuming similar metabolism, the STA procedure described should be suitable as proof of an intake of DOC in human urine.
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new designer drug 4 Iodo 2 5 dimethoxy β phenethylamine 2c i studies on its metabolism and toxicological detection in rat urine using gas chromatographic mass spectrometric and capillary electrophoretic mass spectrometric techniques
Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 2006Co-Authors: Denis S Theobald, Michael Putz, Erhard Schneider, Hans H MaurerAbstract:Studies are described on the metabolism and the toxicological analysis of the phenethylamine-derived designer drug 4-Iodo-2,5-dimethoxy-β-phenethylamine (2C-I) in rat urine using gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) techniques, and for a particular question, using capillary electrophoretic/mass spectrometric (CE/MS) techniques. The identified metabolites indicated that 2C-I was metabolized on the one hand by O-demethylation in position 2 and 5, respectively, followed either by N-acetylation or by deamination with subsequent oxidation to the corresponding acid or reduction to the corresponding alcohol, respectively. The latter metabolite was hydroxylated in β-position and further oxidized to the corresponding oxo metabolite. On the other hand, 2C-I was metabolized by deamination with subsequent oxidation to the corresponding acid or reduction to the corresponding alcohol, respectively. 2C-I and most of its metabolites were partially excreted in conjugated form. The authors' systematic toxicological analysis (STA) procedure using full-scan GC/MS after acid hydrolysis, liquid–liquid extraction and microwave-assisted acetylation allowed the detection of an intake of a dose of 2C-I in rat urine that corresponds to a common drug users' dose. Assuming similar metabolism, the described STA procedure should be suitable for proof of an intake of 2C-I in human urine. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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new designer drug 4 Iodo 2 5 dimethoxy β phenethylamine 2c i studies on its metabolism and toxicological detection in rat urine using gas chromatographic mass spectrometric and capillary electrophoretic mass spectrometric techniques
Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 2006Co-Authors: Denis S Theobald, Michael Putz, Erhard Schneider, Hans H MaurerAbstract:Studies are described on the metabolism and the toxicological analysis of the phenethylamine-derived designer drug 4-Iodo-2,5-dimethoxy-beta-phenethylamine (2C-I) in rat urine using gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) techniques, and for a particular question, using capillary electrophoretic/mass spectrometric (CE/MS) techniques. The identified metabolites indicated that 2C-I was metabolized on the one hand by O-demethylation in position 2 and 5, respectively, followed either by N-acetylation or by deamination with subsequent oxidation to the corresponding acid or reduction to the corresponding alcohol, respectively. The latter metabolite was hydroxylated in beta-position and further oxidized to the corresponding oxo metabolite. On the other hand, 2C-I was metabolized by deamination with subsequent oxidation to the corresponding acid or reduction to the corresponding alcohol, respectively. 2C-I and most of its metabolites were partially excreted in conjugated form. The authors' systematic toxicological analysis (STA) procedure using full-scan GC/MS after acid hydrolysis, liquid-liquid extraction and microwave-assisted acetylation allowed the detection of an intake of a dose of 2C-I in rat urine that corresponds to a common drug users' dose. Assuming similar metabolism, the described STA procedure should be suitable for proof of an intake of 2C-I in human urine.
Denis S Theobald - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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new designer drug 4 Iodo 2 5 dimethoxy β phenethylamine 2c i studies on its metabolism and toxicological detection in rat urine using gas chromatographic mass spectrometric and capillary electrophoretic mass spectrometric techniques
Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 2006Co-Authors: Denis S Theobald, Michael Putz, Erhard Schneider, Hans H MaurerAbstract:Studies are described on the metabolism and the toxicological analysis of the phenethylamine-derived designer drug 4-Iodo-2,5-dimethoxy-β-phenethylamine (2C-I) in rat urine using gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) techniques, and for a particular question, using capillary electrophoretic/mass spectrometric (CE/MS) techniques. The identified metabolites indicated that 2C-I was metabolized on the one hand by O-demethylation in position 2 and 5, respectively, followed either by N-acetylation or by deamination with subsequent oxidation to the corresponding acid or reduction to the corresponding alcohol, respectively. The latter metabolite was hydroxylated in β-position and further oxidized to the corresponding oxo metabolite. On the other hand, 2C-I was metabolized by deamination with subsequent oxidation to the corresponding acid or reduction to the corresponding alcohol, respectively. 2C-I and most of its metabolites were partially excreted in conjugated form. The authors' systematic toxicological analysis (STA) procedure using full-scan GC/MS after acid hydrolysis, liquid–liquid extraction and microwave-assisted acetylation allowed the detection of an intake of a dose of 2C-I in rat urine that corresponds to a common drug users' dose. Assuming similar metabolism, the described STA procedure should be suitable for proof of an intake of 2C-I in human urine. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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new designer drug 4 Iodo 2 5 dimethoxy β phenethylamine 2c i studies on its metabolism and toxicological detection in rat urine using gas chromatographic mass spectrometric and capillary electrophoretic mass spectrometric techniques
Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 2006Co-Authors: Denis S Theobald, Michael Putz, Erhard Schneider, Hans H MaurerAbstract:Studies are described on the metabolism and the toxicological analysis of the phenethylamine-derived designer drug 4-Iodo-2,5-dimethoxy-beta-phenethylamine (2C-I) in rat urine using gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) techniques, and for a particular question, using capillary electrophoretic/mass spectrometric (CE/MS) techniques. The identified metabolites indicated that 2C-I was metabolized on the one hand by O-demethylation in position 2 and 5, respectively, followed either by N-acetylation or by deamination with subsequent oxidation to the corresponding acid or reduction to the corresponding alcohol, respectively. The latter metabolite was hydroxylated in beta-position and further oxidized to the corresponding oxo metabolite. On the other hand, 2C-I was metabolized by deamination with subsequent oxidation to the corresponding acid or reduction to the corresponding alcohol, respectively. 2C-I and most of its metabolites were partially excreted in conjugated form. The authors' systematic toxicological analysis (STA) procedure using full-scan GC/MS after acid hydrolysis, liquid-liquid extraction and microwave-assisted acetylation allowed the detection of an intake of a dose of 2C-I in rat urine that corresponds to a common drug users' dose. Assuming similar metabolism, the described STA procedure should be suitable for proof of an intake of 2C-I in human urine.
Michael Putz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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new designer drug 4 Iodo 2 5 dimethoxy β phenethylamine 2c i studies on its metabolism and toxicological detection in rat urine using gas chromatographic mass spectrometric and capillary electrophoretic mass spectrometric techniques
Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 2006Co-Authors: Denis S Theobald, Michael Putz, Erhard Schneider, Hans H MaurerAbstract:Studies are described on the metabolism and the toxicological analysis of the phenethylamine-derived designer drug 4-Iodo-2,5-dimethoxy-β-phenethylamine (2C-I) in rat urine using gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) techniques, and for a particular question, using capillary electrophoretic/mass spectrometric (CE/MS) techniques. The identified metabolites indicated that 2C-I was metabolized on the one hand by O-demethylation in position 2 and 5, respectively, followed either by N-acetylation or by deamination with subsequent oxidation to the corresponding acid or reduction to the corresponding alcohol, respectively. The latter metabolite was hydroxylated in β-position and further oxidized to the corresponding oxo metabolite. On the other hand, 2C-I was metabolized by deamination with subsequent oxidation to the corresponding acid or reduction to the corresponding alcohol, respectively. 2C-I and most of its metabolites were partially excreted in conjugated form. The authors' systematic toxicological analysis (STA) procedure using full-scan GC/MS after acid hydrolysis, liquid–liquid extraction and microwave-assisted acetylation allowed the detection of an intake of a dose of 2C-I in rat urine that corresponds to a common drug users' dose. Assuming similar metabolism, the described STA procedure should be suitable for proof of an intake of 2C-I in human urine. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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new designer drug 4 Iodo 2 5 dimethoxy β phenethylamine 2c i studies on its metabolism and toxicological detection in rat urine using gas chromatographic mass spectrometric and capillary electrophoretic mass spectrometric techniques
Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 2006Co-Authors: Denis S Theobald, Michael Putz, Erhard Schneider, Hans H MaurerAbstract:Studies are described on the metabolism and the toxicological analysis of the phenethylamine-derived designer drug 4-Iodo-2,5-dimethoxy-beta-phenethylamine (2C-I) in rat urine using gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) techniques, and for a particular question, using capillary electrophoretic/mass spectrometric (CE/MS) techniques. The identified metabolites indicated that 2C-I was metabolized on the one hand by O-demethylation in position 2 and 5, respectively, followed either by N-acetylation or by deamination with subsequent oxidation to the corresponding acid or reduction to the corresponding alcohol, respectively. The latter metabolite was hydroxylated in beta-position and further oxidized to the corresponding oxo metabolite. On the other hand, 2C-I was metabolized by deamination with subsequent oxidation to the corresponding acid or reduction to the corresponding alcohol, respectively. 2C-I and most of its metabolites were partially excreted in conjugated form. The authors' systematic toxicological analysis (STA) procedure using full-scan GC/MS after acid hydrolysis, liquid-liquid extraction and microwave-assisted acetylation allowed the detection of an intake of a dose of 2C-I in rat urine that corresponds to a common drug users' dose. Assuming similar metabolism, the described STA procedure should be suitable for proof of an intake of 2C-I in human urine.
Erhard Schneider - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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new designer drug 4 Iodo 2 5 dimethoxy β phenethylamine 2c i studies on its metabolism and toxicological detection in rat urine using gas chromatographic mass spectrometric and capillary electrophoretic mass spectrometric techniques
Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 2006Co-Authors: Denis S Theobald, Michael Putz, Erhard Schneider, Hans H MaurerAbstract:Studies are described on the metabolism and the toxicological analysis of the phenethylamine-derived designer drug 4-Iodo-2,5-dimethoxy-β-phenethylamine (2C-I) in rat urine using gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) techniques, and for a particular question, using capillary electrophoretic/mass spectrometric (CE/MS) techniques. The identified metabolites indicated that 2C-I was metabolized on the one hand by O-demethylation in position 2 and 5, respectively, followed either by N-acetylation or by deamination with subsequent oxidation to the corresponding acid or reduction to the corresponding alcohol, respectively. The latter metabolite was hydroxylated in β-position and further oxidized to the corresponding oxo metabolite. On the other hand, 2C-I was metabolized by deamination with subsequent oxidation to the corresponding acid or reduction to the corresponding alcohol, respectively. 2C-I and most of its metabolites were partially excreted in conjugated form. The authors' systematic toxicological analysis (STA) procedure using full-scan GC/MS after acid hydrolysis, liquid–liquid extraction and microwave-assisted acetylation allowed the detection of an intake of a dose of 2C-I in rat urine that corresponds to a common drug users' dose. Assuming similar metabolism, the described STA procedure should be suitable for proof of an intake of 2C-I in human urine. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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new designer drug 4 Iodo 2 5 dimethoxy β phenethylamine 2c i studies on its metabolism and toxicological detection in rat urine using gas chromatographic mass spectrometric and capillary electrophoretic mass spectrometric techniques
Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 2006Co-Authors: Denis S Theobald, Michael Putz, Erhard Schneider, Hans H MaurerAbstract:Studies are described on the metabolism and the toxicological analysis of the phenethylamine-derived designer drug 4-Iodo-2,5-dimethoxy-beta-phenethylamine (2C-I) in rat urine using gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) techniques, and for a particular question, using capillary electrophoretic/mass spectrometric (CE/MS) techniques. The identified metabolites indicated that 2C-I was metabolized on the one hand by O-demethylation in position 2 and 5, respectively, followed either by N-acetylation or by deamination with subsequent oxidation to the corresponding acid or reduction to the corresponding alcohol, respectively. The latter metabolite was hydroxylated in beta-position and further oxidized to the corresponding oxo metabolite. On the other hand, 2C-I was metabolized by deamination with subsequent oxidation to the corresponding acid or reduction to the corresponding alcohol, respectively. 2C-I and most of its metabolites were partially excreted in conjugated form. The authors' systematic toxicological analysis (STA) procedure using full-scan GC/MS after acid hydrolysis, liquid-liquid extraction and microwave-assisted acetylation allowed the detection of an intake of a dose of 2C-I in rat urine that corresponds to a common drug users' dose. Assuming similar metabolism, the described STA procedure should be suitable for proof of an intake of 2C-I in human urine.
Markus R Meyer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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studies on the metabolism and toxicological detection of the new psychoactive designer drug 2 4 Iodo 2 5 dimethoxyphenyl n 2 methoxyphenyl methyl ethanamine 25i nbome in human and rat urine using gc ms lc msn and lc hr ms ms
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2015Co-Authors: Achim T Caspar, Andreas G Helfer, Julian A Michely, Volker Auwarter, Simon D Brandt, Markus R Meyer, Hans H MaurerAbstract:25I-NBOMe, a new psychoactive substance, is a potent 5-HT2A receptor agonist with strong hallucinogenic potential. Recently, it was involved in several fatal and non-fatal intoxication cases. The aim of the present work was to study its phase I and II metabolism and its detectability in urine screening approaches. After application of 25I-NBOMe to male Wistar rats, urine was collected over 24 h. The phase I and II metabolites were identified by LC-HR-MS/MS in urine after suitable workup. For the detectability studies, standard urine screening approaches (SUSA) by GC-MS, LC-MSn, and LC-HR-MS/MS were applied to rat and also to authentic human urine samples submitted for toxicological analysis. Finally, an initial CYP activity screening was performed to identify CYP isoenzymes involved in the major metabolic steps. 25I-NBOMe was mainly metabolized by O-demethylation, O,O-bis-demethylation, hydroxylation, and combinations of these reactions as well as by glucuronidation and sulfation of the main phase I metabolites. All in all, 68 metabolites could be identified. Intake of 25I-NBOMe was detectable mainly via its metabolites by both LC-MS approaches, but not by the GC-MS SUSA. Initial CYP activity screening revealed the involvement of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 in hydroxylation and CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 in O-demethylation. The presented study demonstrated that 25I-NBOMe was extensively metabolized and could be detected only by the LC-MS screening approaches. Since CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 are involved in initial metabolic steps, drug–drug interactions might occur in certain constellations.
