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Yoshiharu Takemitsu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effects of mechanical compression and hypoxia on nerve root and dorsal root ganglia an analysis of ectopic firing using an in vitro model
Spine, 1996Co-Authors: Osamu Sugawara, Yuji Atsuta, Toshihito Iwahara, Toshiaki Muramoto, Makoto Watakabe, Yoshiharu TakemitsuAbstract:Study design: This study analyzed in vitro experiments of ectopic firing evoked by mechanical compression or hypoxia of canine lumbar dorsal roots with dorsal root ganglia using an in vitro model. Objectives: The results were correlated to understand the pathophysiology of radiculopathy, which manifests Abnormal Sensation and pain. Summary of background data: It has been speculated that blood flow in the nerve root and mechanical compression play major roles in the production of radiculopathy symptoms. However, no precise experimental studies have been conducted on the relationship between these factors and the development of ectopic firing. Methods: Canine lumbar dorsal roots with dorsal root ganglia were immersed in an oxygenated artificial cerebrospinal fluid, and activity of the nerve root was recorded using bipolar platinum electrodes. Using this model, the effects of quantitative mechanical compression and hypoxia on the ectopic firing were analyzed. Results: When compression was applied, mechanical thresholds for eliciting firing were much lower in dorsal root ganglia than in dorsal roots, and the firing lasted for a longer period in dorsal root ganglia. Under hypoxia, dorsal root ganglia showed firing, and their thresholds from mechanical stimuli decreased significantly. In dorsal roots, impulse propagation was not affected, whereas firing was seen under the hypoxic condition. Conclusion: Dorsal root ganglia are highly sensitive to mechanical compression and hypoxia and closely related to Abnormal Sensations and pain in radiculopathy.
Mikikazu Yamagiwa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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clinical evaluation of roxithromycin for Abnormal Sensation in the throat
Practica oto-rhino-laryngologica, 1996Co-Authors: Mikikazu Yamagiwa, Kenichiro FujitaAbstract:Roxithromycin (RXM), a newly synthesized macrolide antibiotic, is reported to have anti-inflam-matory and anti-allergic actions as well.We administered RXM, Rulid® tablets (150 mg twice a day), for 2 weeks to 114 patients with pharyngitis, who complained of an Abnormal Sensation in the throat, such as a lump, choking or itching.The therapeutic effect of the medication was evaluated at the end of the first and second weeks of administration and one week after the termination of treatment. RXM was considered to be markedly effective when the Abnormal Sensation improved by 80% or more, moderately effective if improvement was 50-80%, slightly effective if it was 20-50%, and not effective if it was less than 20%. Of the 114 patients, 7 dropped out and 2 had such gastro-intestinal discomfort that the medication had to be suspended.In the remaining 105 patients (40 males and 65 females, 25-87 years of age, mean 58.0 years) the medication was markedly effective in 29.5% and effective in 41.0% at the end of the first week; the corresponding figures were 39.0% and 41.0% at the end of the second week, and 49.5% and 30.5% one week after the termination of the medication. These results show the fairly rapid and considerably long-lasting effect of RXM.The results indicate that RXM is effective in the therapy of patients with pharyngitis accompanied by Abnormal Sensation in the throat.
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Abnormal Sensation in the throat and autonomic nerve dysfunction symptoms
Nihon Jibiinkoka Gakkai kaiho, 1995Co-Authors: Mikikazu Yamagiwa, Kenichiro FujitaAbstract:Abnormal Sensations, such as a lump, itchiness or choking, in the throat (AST) may develop as symptoms of autonomic nerve dysfunction (AND). If this is true, the subjects with AST should show more subjective symptoms and objective signs of AND than those without AST. We classified 500 otolaryngological and neurological patients [172 males and 328 females, age 58.4 +/- 14.0 years (mean +/- SD)] with various signs and symptoms suggesting autonomic nerve dysfunction into 2 groups: 370 patients with AST (AST group) and 130 without AST (non-AST group). For the subjective evaluation of AND symptoms, we calculated the number of positive answers to 33 questions concerning AND symptoms which appear in the Cornell Medical Index (Health Questionnaire). Objective evaluation of AND was done by analyzing the coefficient of variation (%) of 100 R-R intervals on electrocardiograms [CV R-R (%)], as previous studies by others have shown that CV R-R (%) decreases with age and/or with the severity of autonomic nerve dysfunction. The following results were obtained in the comparison between the two groups. 1) There were significantly more complaints of AND symptoms in the AST group (7.3 +/- 5.5, mean +/- SD) than in the non-AST group (5.3 +/- 4.4) (p < 0.0005 by Wilcoxon test). 2) The relative CV R-R (%) value calculated by dividing the CV R-R (%) actually obtained by the formula [5.13 - 0.0419 x age of subject (years)] was significantly smaller in the AST group (0.98 +/- 0.40) than in the non-AST group (1.06 +/- 0.39) (p < 0.05 by Wilcoxon test).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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tofisopam for Abnormal Sensation in the throat a clinical evaluation
Practica oto-rhino-laryngologica, 1995Co-Authors: Mikikazu Yamagiwa, Kenichiro FujitaAbstract:Tofisopam, a derivative of 2, 3-benzodiazepines, is reported to improve various symptoms, in particular somatic ones, caused by dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system. Autonomic nerve dysfunctton could also be the cause of Abnormal Sensation in the throat, such as a choking lump or itching.We administered tofisopam, Grandaxin Tablet® 50 (3 tablets/day after meals), for 2 weeks to 115 patients with Abnormal Sensation in the throat.The therapeutic effect of the medication was evaluated at the end of the first and second week of administration and one week after the termination of the treatment. It was considered to be markedly effective when the Abnormal Sensation improved subjectively 80% or more, effective if there was 50%-80% improvement, slightly effective at 20%-50% and not effective if improvement was less than 20%.In 2 of the 115 patients side effects (abdominal pain or chest pain) were so overwhelming that the medication had to be suspended.In the remaining 113 patients the medication was markedly effective in 25.7% and effective in 35.4% at the end of the first week; the corresponding figures were 31.9% and 43.4% at the end of the second week, and 39.8% and 36.3% one week after the termination of the medication. These results show the fairly rapid and long lasting effect of tofisopam. Tofisopam was more effective than traditional Chinese medicine or minor tranquilizers in patients with autonomic nerve dysfunction.The results indicate that tofisopam is effective in the therapy of Abnormal Sensation in the throat.
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psychotherapy of patients with Abnormal Sensation in the throat
Practica oto-rhino-laryngologica, 1992Co-Authors: Mikikazu Yamagiwa, Yasuo SakakuraAbstract:We have treated 100 patients with Abnormal Sensation, such as a lump or choking, in the throat without using any medicine for 3 weeks. We classified the effectiveness of psychotherapy into 4 groups: markedly effective (the initial Abnormal Sensation was reduced by 80% or more), moderately effective (more than 50% but less than 80%), slightly effective (more than 20% but less than 50%) and not effective (less than 20%) at the end of 1, 2 and 3 weeks of treatment.1) The average reduction of the initial Sensation was 29% at 1 week, 35% at 2 weeks and 38% at 3 weeks. The marked and moderate effectiveness rates were, respectively, 9% and 27% at 1 week, 17% and 27% at 2 weeks, and 25% and 20% at 3 weeks.2) The present psychotherapy seemed to be effective for the following patients: more than 50 years of age; without any occupation; with symptoms other than throat discomfort; those who responded well to previous medication for throat discomfort; not cancerphobic; less than 6 months since onset; complaining of discomfort higher than the hyoid bone; those with a choking Sensation; not very neurotic by psychiatric tests.The results indicate that psychotherapy for this condition is not very effective if total cure is the goal and that it should not be the first choice of treatment. On the other hand, these data obtained from psychotherapy can provide a good reference for determining the effectiveness of various drugs in the treatment of Abnormal Sensation in the throat as long as the same criteria are used for the classification of effectiveness.
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usefulness of cornell medical index health questionnaire for treatment of Abnormal Sensation in the throat with kampo medicine saiko ka ryukotsu borei to
Practica oto-rhino-laryngologica, 1991Co-Authors: Mikikazu Yamagiwa, Yasuo Sakakura, Kazuhiko Takeuchi, Haruki FukuoAbstract:Diagnostic procedures in oriental medicine are quite different from those in western medicine because of the difference in basic concepts of medicine. From that oriental point of view, it is claimed that Saiko-ka-ryukotsu-borei-to (Chaff-Hu Jia-Long-Gu-Mu-Li-Tang), like other Kampo prescriptions, should be selected after a diagnostic procedure based on oriental medicine for more effective treatment of patients with Abnormal Sensation, such as a lump or choking in the throat. However, it is not easy for physicians trained in western medicine to learn these procedures.In this study, we used the Cornell Medical Index Health Questionnaire (CMI) as an aid for selecting patients for whom Saiko-ka-ryukotsu-borei-to is supposed to be effective, and we evaluated its actual clinical usefulness. Eighty-nine male and 50 female patients with Abnormal Sensation in the throat were classified as normal (Area I), almost normal (Area II), slightly neurotic (Area III) and neurotic (Area IV) by Fukamachi's method, and normal (Type I), autonomic nerve dysfunctioning (Type II), neurotic (Type III) and psychosomatic (Type IV) by a modification of Abe's analysis of CMI responders. In addition, we chose 13 questions (Saiko-ka-ryukotsu-borei-to Sho questions) from the CMI list which are supposed to be very important from the oriental medicine point of view for selecting Saiko-ka-ryukotsu-borei-to. According to their answers to the 13 questions, the patients were placed in 3 groups: supposedly good, supposedly moderate and supposedly poor responders.Tsumura Saiko-ka-ryukotsu-borei-to® (7.5g/day) was given orally for 2 weeks and the clinical effect was evaluated 1, 2 and 3 weeks after the start of treatment. When the Abnormal Sensation as evaluated subjectively by the patient was reduced by more than 50%, treatment was considered to be effective. Evaluation of the answers to the CMI and of the effectiveness of the medicine revealed the following:1) In both male and female patients, improvement increased gradually and was highest at the end of the 3rd week.2) Among the male patients, those in Area I or Type I were the best responders, while among the female patients those in Area I or Type I were the worst responders.3) As expected, good responders of both sexes had much higher effective rates at the end of each week than did poor responders.These results indicate that an analysis of the answers to the CMI questionnaire is very useful for predicting the efficacy of Saiko-ka-ryukotsu-borei-to in patients with Abnormal Sensation in the throat.
Kenichiro Fujita - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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clinical evaluation of roxithromycin for Abnormal Sensation in the throat
Practica oto-rhino-laryngologica, 1996Co-Authors: Mikikazu Yamagiwa, Kenichiro FujitaAbstract:Roxithromycin (RXM), a newly synthesized macrolide antibiotic, is reported to have anti-inflam-matory and anti-allergic actions as well.We administered RXM, Rulid® tablets (150 mg twice a day), for 2 weeks to 114 patients with pharyngitis, who complained of an Abnormal Sensation in the throat, such as a lump, choking or itching.The therapeutic effect of the medication was evaluated at the end of the first and second weeks of administration and one week after the termination of treatment. RXM was considered to be markedly effective when the Abnormal Sensation improved by 80% or more, moderately effective if improvement was 50-80%, slightly effective if it was 20-50%, and not effective if it was less than 20%. Of the 114 patients, 7 dropped out and 2 had such gastro-intestinal discomfort that the medication had to be suspended.In the remaining 105 patients (40 males and 65 females, 25-87 years of age, mean 58.0 years) the medication was markedly effective in 29.5% and effective in 41.0% at the end of the first week; the corresponding figures were 39.0% and 41.0% at the end of the second week, and 49.5% and 30.5% one week after the termination of the medication. These results show the fairly rapid and considerably long-lasting effect of RXM.The results indicate that RXM is effective in the therapy of patients with pharyngitis accompanied by Abnormal Sensation in the throat.
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Abnormal Sensation in the throat and autonomic nerve dysfunction symptoms
Nihon Jibiinkoka Gakkai kaiho, 1995Co-Authors: Mikikazu Yamagiwa, Kenichiro FujitaAbstract:Abnormal Sensations, such as a lump, itchiness or choking, in the throat (AST) may develop as symptoms of autonomic nerve dysfunction (AND). If this is true, the subjects with AST should show more subjective symptoms and objective signs of AND than those without AST. We classified 500 otolaryngological and neurological patients [172 males and 328 females, age 58.4 +/- 14.0 years (mean +/- SD)] with various signs and symptoms suggesting autonomic nerve dysfunction into 2 groups: 370 patients with AST (AST group) and 130 without AST (non-AST group). For the subjective evaluation of AND symptoms, we calculated the number of positive answers to 33 questions concerning AND symptoms which appear in the Cornell Medical Index (Health Questionnaire). Objective evaluation of AND was done by analyzing the coefficient of variation (%) of 100 R-R intervals on electrocardiograms [CV R-R (%)], as previous studies by others have shown that CV R-R (%) decreases with age and/or with the severity of autonomic nerve dysfunction. The following results were obtained in the comparison between the two groups. 1) There were significantly more complaints of AND symptoms in the AST group (7.3 +/- 5.5, mean +/- SD) than in the non-AST group (5.3 +/- 4.4) (p < 0.0005 by Wilcoxon test). 2) The relative CV R-R (%) value calculated by dividing the CV R-R (%) actually obtained by the formula [5.13 - 0.0419 x age of subject (years)] was significantly smaller in the AST group (0.98 +/- 0.40) than in the non-AST group (1.06 +/- 0.39) (p < 0.05 by Wilcoxon test).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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tofisopam for Abnormal Sensation in the throat a clinical evaluation
Practica oto-rhino-laryngologica, 1995Co-Authors: Mikikazu Yamagiwa, Kenichiro FujitaAbstract:Tofisopam, a derivative of 2, 3-benzodiazepines, is reported to improve various symptoms, in particular somatic ones, caused by dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system. Autonomic nerve dysfunctton could also be the cause of Abnormal Sensation in the throat, such as a choking lump or itching.We administered tofisopam, Grandaxin Tablet® 50 (3 tablets/day after meals), for 2 weeks to 115 patients with Abnormal Sensation in the throat.The therapeutic effect of the medication was evaluated at the end of the first and second week of administration and one week after the termination of the treatment. It was considered to be markedly effective when the Abnormal Sensation improved subjectively 80% or more, effective if there was 50%-80% improvement, slightly effective at 20%-50% and not effective if improvement was less than 20%.In 2 of the 115 patients side effects (abdominal pain or chest pain) were so overwhelming that the medication had to be suspended.In the remaining 113 patients the medication was markedly effective in 25.7% and effective in 35.4% at the end of the first week; the corresponding figures were 31.9% and 43.4% at the end of the second week, and 39.8% and 36.3% one week after the termination of the medication. These results show the fairly rapid and long lasting effect of tofisopam. Tofisopam was more effective than traditional Chinese medicine or minor tranquilizers in patients with autonomic nerve dysfunction.The results indicate that tofisopam is effective in the therapy of Abnormal Sensation in the throat.
Osamu Sugawara - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effects of mechanical compression and hypoxia on nerve root and dorsal root ganglia an analysis of ectopic firing using an in vitro model
Spine, 1996Co-Authors: Osamu Sugawara, Yuji Atsuta, Toshihito Iwahara, Toshiaki Muramoto, Makoto Watakabe, Yoshiharu TakemitsuAbstract:Study design: This study analyzed in vitro experiments of ectopic firing evoked by mechanical compression or hypoxia of canine lumbar dorsal roots with dorsal root ganglia using an in vitro model. Objectives: The results were correlated to understand the pathophysiology of radiculopathy, which manifests Abnormal Sensation and pain. Summary of background data: It has been speculated that blood flow in the nerve root and mechanical compression play major roles in the production of radiculopathy symptoms. However, no precise experimental studies have been conducted on the relationship between these factors and the development of ectopic firing. Methods: Canine lumbar dorsal roots with dorsal root ganglia were immersed in an oxygenated artificial cerebrospinal fluid, and activity of the nerve root was recorded using bipolar platinum electrodes. Using this model, the effects of quantitative mechanical compression and hypoxia on the ectopic firing were analyzed. Results: When compression was applied, mechanical thresholds for eliciting firing were much lower in dorsal root ganglia than in dorsal roots, and the firing lasted for a longer period in dorsal root ganglia. Under hypoxia, dorsal root ganglia showed firing, and their thresholds from mechanical stimuli decreased significantly. In dorsal roots, impulse propagation was not affected, whereas firing was seen under the hypoxic condition. Conclusion: Dorsal root ganglia are highly sensitive to mechanical compression and hypoxia and closely related to Abnormal Sensations and pain in radiculopathy.
Irina G. Obrosova - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Diabetic painful and insensate neuropathy: Pathogenesis and potential treatments
Neurotherapeutics, 2009Co-Authors: Irina G. ObrosovaAbstract:Advanced peripheral diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is associated with elevated vibration and thermal perception thresholds that progress to sensory loss and degeneration of all fiber types in peripheral nerve. A considerable proportion of diabetic patients also describe Abnormal Sensations such as paresthesias, allodynia, hyperalgesia, and spontaneous pain. One or several manifestations of Abnormal Sensation and pain are described in all the diabetic rat and mouse models studied so far (i.e., streptozotocin-diabetic rats and mice, type 1 insulinopenic BB/Wor and type 2 hyperinsulinemic diabetic BBZDR/Wor rats, Zucker diabetic fatty rats, and nonobese diabetic, Akita, leptin- and leptin-receptor-deficient, and high-fat diet—fed mice). Such manifestations are 1) thermal hyperalgesia, an equivalent of a clinical phenomenon described in early PDN; 2) thermal hypoalgesia, typically present in advanced PDN; 3) mechanical hyperalgesia, an equivalent of pain on pressure in early PDN; 4) mechanical hypoalgesia, an equivalent to the loss of sensitivity to mechanical noxious stimuli in advanced PDN; 5) tactile allodynia, a painful perception of a light touch; and 5) formalin-induced hyperalgesia. Rats with short-term diabetes develop painful neuropathy, whereas those with longer-term diabetes and diabetic mice typically display manifestations of both painful and insensate neuropathy, or insensate neuropathy only. Animal studies using pharmacological and genetic approaches revealed important roles of increased aldose reductase, protein kinase C, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activities, advanced glycation end-products and their receptors, oxidative-nitrosative stress, growth factor imbalances, and C-peptide deficiency in both painful and insensate neuropathy. This review describes recent achievements in studying the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathic pain and sensory disorders in diabetic animal models and developing potential pathogenetic treatments.
