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S Coutu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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measurement of the cosmic ray antiproton to proton Abundance Ratio between 4 and 50 gev
Physical Review Letters, 2001Co-Authors: A S Beach, J J Beatty, A Bhattacharyya, C Bower, S CoutuAbstract:We present a new measurement of the antiproton-to-proton Abundance Ratio, pbar/p, in the cosmic radiation. The HEAT-pbar instrument, a balloon borne magnet spectrometer with precise rigidity and multiple energy loss measurement capability, was flown successfully in Spring 2000, at an average atmospheric depth of 7.2 g/cm(2). A total of 71 antiprotons were identified above the vertical geomagnetic cutoff rigidity of 4.2 GV. The highest measured proton energy was 81 GeV. We find that the pbar/p Abundance Ratio agrees with that expected from a purely secondary origin of antiprotons produced by primary protons with a standard soft energy spectrum.
G Vladilo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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chemical evolution of damped lyα galaxies the s zn Abundance Ratio at redshift 2
The Astrophysical Journal, 2000Co-Authors: M Centurion, P Bonifacio, P Molaro, G VladiloAbstract:Relative elemental Abundances, and in particular the α/Fe Ratio, are important diagnostic tools of the chemical evolution of damped Lyα (DLA) systems. The S/Zn Ratio is not affected by differential dust depletion and is an excellent estimator of the α/Fe Ratio. We report six new determinations of sulphur Abundance in DLA systems at zabs ≥ 2 with already-known zinc Abundances. The combination with extant data from the literature provides a measure of the S/Zn Abundance Ratio for a total of 11 high-redshift DLA systems. The observed [S/Zn] Ratios do not show the characteristic [α/Fe] enhancement observed in metal-poor stars of the Milky Way at a comparable level of metallicity ([Zn/H] ≈ -1). The behavior of DLA data is consistent with a general trend of a decreasing [S/Zn] Ratio with increasing metallicity [Zn/H]. This would be the first evidence of the expected decrease of the α/Fe Ratio in the course of the chemical evolution of DLA systems. However, in contrast to what is observed in our Galaxy, the α/iron peak Ratio seems to attain solar values when the metallicity is still low ([Zn/H] ≤ -1) and to decrease below solar values at higher metallicities. The behavior of the α/Fe Ratio challenges the frequently adopted hypothesis that high-redshift DLA systems are progenitors of spiral galaxies and instead favors an origin in galaxies characterized by low star formation rates, in agreement with the results from imaging studies of low-redshift DLA systems, where the candidate DLA galaxies show a variety of morphological types, including dwarf and low surface brightness galaxies and only a minority of spirals.
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chemical evolution of damped ly alpha galaxies the s zn Abundance Ratio at redshift z 2
arXiv: Astrophysics, 2000Co-Authors: M Centurion, P Bonifacio, P Molaro, G VladiloAbstract:Relative elemental Abundances, and in particular the alpha/Fe Ratio, are an important diagnostic tool of the chemical evolution of damped Ly alpha systems (DLAs). The S/Zn Ratio is not affected by differential dust depletion and is an excellent estimator of the alpha/Fe Ratio. We report 6 new determinations of sulphur Abundance in DLAs at zabs greater than or equal to 2 with already known zinc Abundances. The combination with extant data from the literature provides a measure of the S/Zn Abundance Ratio for a total of 11 high redshift DLA systems. The observed [S/Zn] Ratios do not show the characteristic [alpha/Fe] enhancement observed in metal-poor stars of the Milky Way at comparable level of metallicity ([Zn/H] ~ -1). The behaviour of DLAs data is consistent with a general trend of decreasing [S/Zn] Ratio with increasing metallicity [Zn/H]. This would be the first evidence of the expected decrease of the alpha/Fe Ratio in the course of chemical evolution of DLA systems. However, in contrast to what observed in our Galaxy, the alpha/iron-peak Ratio seems to attain solar values when the metallicity is still low ([Zn/H] < -1) and to decrease below solar values at higher metallicities. The behaviour of the alpha/Fe Ratio challenges the frequently adopted hypothesis that high redshift DLAs are progenitors of spiral galaxies and favours instead an origin in galaxies characterized by low star formation rates, in agreement with the results from imaging studies of low redshift DLAs, where the candidate DLA galaxies show a variety of morphological types including dwarfs and LSBs and only a minority of spirals.
Snehasis Jana - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Isotopic Abundance Ratio Analysis of Biofield Energy Treated Indole using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
2018Co-Authors: Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Kalyan Kumar Sethi, Snehasis JanaAbstract:The objective of the current experiment was to evaluate the effect of biofield energy treatment on the isotopic Abundance Ratio of PM+1/PM (2H/1H or 13C/12C or 15N/14N) in indole using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The sample of organic compound indole was divided into two parts - one part was designated as a control sample (untreated), and another part was considered as biofield energy treated sample, which was subjected to Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment (The Trivedi Effect®). The biofield energy treated indole sample was analyzed at different time intervals and were symbolized as T1, T2, T3, and T4 to understand the effect of the biofield energy on isotopic Abundance Ratio with respect to the time. From the GC-MS spectra, the presence of the molecular ion peak C8H7N+ (m/z 117) along with major fragmented peaks C7H6+ (m/z 90), C7H5+ (m/z 89), C5H3+ (m/z 63), C4H2+ (m/z 50), C3H3+ (m/z 39), and C2H4 (m/z 28) were observed in both control and biofield treated samples. Only, the relative peak intensities of the fragmented ions in the biofield treated indole was notably changed as compared to the control sample with respect to the time. The isotopic Abundance Ratio analysis of indole using GC-MS revealed that the isotopic Abundance Ratio of PM+1/PM in the biofield energy treated indole at T1 and T2 was significantly decreased by 44.28 and 28.18% as compared to the control sample. On the contrary, the isotopic Abundance Ratio of PM+1/PM in the biofield energy treated sample at T3 and T4, was significantly increased by 41.22 and 180.88%, respectively as compared to the control sample. Overall, the isotopic Abundance Ratio of PM+1/PM (2H/1H or 13C/12C or 15N/14N) was significantly altered in the biofield energy treated indole as compared to the control with respect to the time. The biofield treated indole with the altered isotopic Abundance Ratio might have altered the physicochemical properties and rate of reaction. This biofield energy treated indole might be more useful as a chemical intermediate in the production of pharmaceuticals, chemicals, plastics, dyes, and perfumes.
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Isotopic Abundance Ratio Analysis of 1,2,3-Trimethoxybenzene (TMB) After Biofield Energy Treatment (The Trivedi Effect®) Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
American Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2016Co-Authors: Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Parthasarathi Panda, Snehasis JanaAbstract:1,2,3-Trimethoxybenzene (TMB) is one of the most versatile chemical used for the synthesis of several pharmaceuticals, dyes, polymers, organic compounds, etc. The stable isotope Ratio analysis has increased attention day-by-days in several fields such as agricultural, food authenticity, biochemistry, medical research, etc. The current study was aimed to evaluate the effect of the biofield energy treatment on the isotopic Abundance Ratios of 13C/12C or 2H/1H or 17O/16O (PM+1/PM) and 18O/16O (PM+2/PM) in TMB using Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. TMB was divided into two parts - one part was denoted as control and another part was referred as biofield energy treated sample that was received through Mr. Trivediꞌs unique biofield energy (The Trivedi Effect®). The GC-MS of the biofield treated TMB was characterized at different time intervals considered as T1, T2, T3, and T4 to examine the impact of the biofield energy treatment on isotopic Abundance Ratio with respect to the time. The GC-MS spectra of the both control and biofield treated TMB exhibited the presence of molecular ion peak [M+] at m/z 168 (calculated 168.08 for C9H12O3) along with similar pattern of fragmentation. The relative peak intensities of the fragmented ions in the biofield treated TMB, particularly at T2 and T3 was altered from the control sample. The isotopic Abundance Ratio analysis in the biofield treated TMB exhibited that the isotopic Abundance Ratio of PM+1/PM in the biofield treated TMB at T2 and T3 was significantly enhanced by 128.13 and 117.99%, respectively with respect to the control sample. Consequently, the percentage change in isotopic Abundance Ratio of PM+2/PM was significantly increased in the biofield treated TMB at T2 and T3 by 125.93 and 116.67%, respectively as compared with the control TMB. The isotopic Abundance Ratios (PM+1/PM and PM+2/PM) in the biofield treated TMB at T1 and T4 was altered with respect to the control TMB. In summary, 13C, 2H, and 17O contributions from (C9H12O3)+ to m/z 169 and 18O contribution from (C9H12O3)+ to m/z 170 for the biofield treated TMB, particularly at T2 and T3 were significantly improved and biofield treated TMB might exhibit changed isotope effects as compared to the control sample. The biofield treated TMB might assist to develop new chemicals and pharmaceuticals through using its kinetic isotope effects like understanding the reaction mechanism, the enzymatic transition state and all aspects of enzyme mechanisms.
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Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Based Isotopic Abundance Ratio Analysis of Biofield Energy Treated Methyl-2-napthylether (Nerolin)
American Journal of Physical Chemistry, 2016Co-Authors: Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Kalyan Kumar Sethi, Snehasis JanaAbstract:Methyl-2-napthylether (nerolin) is an organic compound and has the applications in pharmaceutical, and perfume industry. The stable isotope Ratio analysis is increasing importance in various field of scientific research. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of the biofield energy treatment on the isotopic Abundance Ratios of PM+1/PM (2H/1H or 13C/12C or 17O/16O) and PM+2/PM (18O/16O) in nerolin using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The compound nerolin was divided into two parts - one part was control sample (untreated), and another part was considered as biofield energy treated sample which was received the biofield energy treatment through the unique biofield energy transmission process by Mr. Mahendra Kumar Trivedi (also known as The Trivedi Effect®). The biofield energy treated nerolin was analyzed at different time intervals and were represented as T1, T2, T3, and T4 in order to understand the effect of the biofield energy treatment on isotopic Abundance Ratio with respect to the time. From the GC-MS spectral analysis, the presence of the molecular ion peak C11H10O+ (m/z 158) along with major fragmented peaks C10H7O- (m/z 143), C10H8 (m/z 128), C9H7+ (m/z 115), C7H5+ (m/z 89), C5H3+ (m/z 63), C4H3+ (m/z 51), and C3H3+ (m/z 39) were observed in both control and biofield treated samples. Only, the relative peak intensities of the fragmented ions in the biofield treated nerolin was notably changed as compared to the control sample with respect to the time. The isotopic Abundance Ratio analysis of nerolin using GC-MS revealed that the isotopic Abundance Ratio of PM+1/PM in the biofield energy treated nerolin at T1, T2, T3, and T4 was increased by 2.38, 138.10, 13.10, and 32.14%, as compared to the control sample. Likewise, the isotopic Abundance Ratio of PM+2/PM at T1, T2, T3, and T4 was increased by 2.38, 138.10, 13.10, and 32.14%, respectively in the biofield treated nerolin as compared to the control sample. Overall, the isotopic Abundance Ratios of PM+1/PM (2H/1H or 13C/12C or 17O/16O) and PM+2/PM (18O/16O) were significantly increased in the biofield energy treated sample as compared to the control sample with respect to the time. It is concluded that Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment has the significant impact on alteRation in isotopic Abundance of nerolin as compared to the control sample. The biofield treated nerolin might display different altered physicochemical properties and rate of reaction and could be an important intermediate for the production of pharmaceuticals, chemicals, and perfumes in the industry.
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Determination of Isotopic Abundance Ratio of Biofield Energy Treated 1,4-Dichlorobenzene Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)
Modern Chemistry, 2016Co-Authors: Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Kalyan Kumar Sethi, Snehasis JanaAbstract:The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of biofield energy treatment on the isotopic Abundance Ratios of PM+1/PM, PM+2/PM, PM+3/PM and PM+4/PM in p-DCB using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The p-DCB was divided into two parts - one part was control sample, and another part was considered as the treated sample which was subjected to biofield energy treatment (The Trivedi Effect®). T1, T2, T3, and T4 were referred the biofield treated p-DCB having analyzed at different time intervals. The GC-MS analysis of both the control and biofield treated p-DCB indicated the presence of the parent molecular ion peak at m/z 146 along with four major fragmentation peaks at m/z 111, 75, 55 and 50. The relative peak intensities of the fragmented ions in the biofield treated p-DCB were notably changed as compared to the control sample with respect to the time. The isotopic Abundance Ratio analysis using GC-MS revealed that the isotopic Abundance Ratio of PM+1/PM at T1, T2, T3, and T4 (biofield energy treated p-DCB) was significantly increased by 10.87, 83.90, 225.16, and 241.15%, respectively as compared to the control sample. Consequently, the percentage change in the isotopic Abundance Ratio of PM+2/PM at T1, T2, and T3 (biofield energy treated p-DCB) was enhanced by 4.55, 9.49, and 1.80%, respectively as compared to the control sample. Beside these, another two isotopic molecular ion peaks at m/z 149 and 150 were found in the GS-MS spectra due to arise from the contributions of various combinations of 2H, 13C, and 37Cl. The isotopic Abundance Ratios of PM+3/PM in biofield energy treated sample at T1, T2, T3, and T4 was significantly increased by 15.14, 82.57, 192.43, and 218.31%, respectively as compared to the control sample. Similarly, the PM+4/PM in biofield energy treated sample at T1, T2, T3, and T4 was significantly increased by 13.80, 86.66, 186.13, and 204.29%, respectively as compared to the control sample. Overall, the isotopic Abundance Ratios of PM+1/PM (2H/1H or 13C/12C), PM+2/PM (37Cl/35Cl), for PM+3/PM and PM+4/PM (the probable combinations of 2H/1H, 13C/12C, and 37Cl/35Cl) were significantly enhanced in the biofield energy treated p-DCB. The biofield treated p-DCB has shown improved isotopic Abundance Ratios that might have altered the physicochemical properties, thermal properties and rate of reaction. Biofield treated p-DCB might be useful in pharmaceutical and chemical industries as intermediates during the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals and chemicals by monitoring the rate of chemical reaction.
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Evaluation of the Isotopic Abundance Ratio in Biofield Energy Treated Resorcinol Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Technique
Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta, 2016Co-Authors: Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Parthasarathi Panda, Snehasis JanaAbstract:The stable isotope Ratio analysis is widely used in several scientific fields such as agricultural, food authenticity, biochemistry, metabolism, medical research, etc. Resorcinol is one of the most versatile chemicals used for the synthesis of several pharmaceuticals, dyes, polymers, organic compounds, etc. The current research work was designed to investigate the impact of the biofield energy treatment on the isotopic Abundance Ratios of 13C/12C or 2H/1H or 17O/16O (PM+1/PM) and 18O/16O (PM+2/PM) in resorcinol using Gas chromatograph - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. Resorcinol was divided into two parts - one part was control and another part was considered as biofield energy treated sample. The biofield energy treatment was accomplished through unique biofield energy transmission by Mr. Mahendra Kumar Trivedi (also called as The Trivedi Effect®). T1, T2, T3, and T4 were denoted by different time interval analysis of the biofield treated resorcinol in order to understand the influence of the biofield energy treatment on isotopic Abundance Ratio with respect to the time. The GC-MS spectra of the both control and biofield treated resorcinol exhibited the presence of molecular ion peak [M+] at m/z 110 (calculated 110.04 for C6H6O2) along with major fragmented peaks at m/z 82, 81, 69, 53, and 39. The relative peak intensities of the fragmented ions in biofield treated resorcinol (particularly T2) was significantly changed with respect to the control sample. The stable isotope Ratio analysis in resorcinol using GC-MS revealed that the percentage change of the isotopic Abundance Ratio of PM+1/PM was increased in the biofield treated resorcinol at T1, T2, T3 and T4 by 1.77%, 165.73%, 0.74%, and 6.79%, respectively with respect to the control sample. Consequently, the isotopic Abundance Ratio of PM+2/PM in the biofield treated resorcinol at T2, T3, and T4 were enhanced by 170.77%, 3.08%, and 12.31%, respectively with respect to the control sample. Briefly, 13C, 2H, 17O contributions from (C6H6O2)+ to m/z 111 and 18O contribution from (C6H6O2)+ to m/z 112 for the biofield treated resorcinol at T2 and T4 were significantly altered as compared to the control sample. For this reasons, biofield treated resorcinol might exhibit altered physicochemical properties like diffusion velocity, mobility and evapoRation rate, reaction rate, binding energy, and stability. Biofield treated resorcinol could be valuable in pharmaceutical and chemical industries as intermediates during the prepaRation of pharmaceuticals and chemical compounds by altering its physicochemical properties, the reaction rate and selectivity, the study of the reaction mechanism and facilitating in designing extremely effective and specific enzyme inhibitors.
Yoshihiko Yamada - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a correlation between light profile and mg fe Abundance Ratio in early type galaxies
The Astrophysical Journal, 2004Co-Authors: A Vazdekis, Ignacio Trujillo, Yoshihiko YamadaAbstract:We explore possible correlations between light profile shapes, as parameterized by the Sersic index n or the concentRation index C(), and relevant stellar population parameters in early-type galaxies. Mean luminosity-weighted ages, metallicities, and Abundance Ratios were obtained from spectra of very high signal-to-noise Ratio and stellar population models that synthesize galaxy spectra at the resolution given by their velocity dispersions, σ, in combination with an age indicator (Hγσ) that is virtually free of the effects of metallicity. We do not find any significant correlation between n [or C()] and mean age or metallicity, but we do find a strong positive correlation of the shape parameters with Mg/Fe Abundance Ratio. This dependence is as strong as the Mg/Fe-σ and C()-σ relations. We speculate that early-type galaxies settle up their structure on timescales in agreement with those imposed by their Mg/Fe Ratios. This suggests that the global structure of larger galaxies, with larger Mg/Fe Ratios and shorter timescales, was already in place at high z, without experiencing a significant time evolution.
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a correlation between light profile and mg fe Abundance Ratio in early type galaxies
arXiv: Astrophysics, 2003Co-Authors: A Vazdekis, Ignacio Trujillo, Yoshihiko YamadaAbstract:We explore possible correlations between light profile shapes, as parameterized by the Sersic index or the concentRation index C_re(1/3), and relevant stellar population parameters in early-type galaxies. Mean luminosity weighted ages, metallicities and Abundance Ratios were obtained from spectra of very high signal-to-noise and stellar population models that synthesize galaxy spectra at the resolution given by their velocity dispersions, in combination with an age indicator that is virtually free of the effects of metallicity. We do not find any significant correlation between the Sersic index (or C_re(1/3)) and mean age or metallicity, but a strong positive correlation of the shape parameters with [Mg/Fe] Abundance Ratio. This dependence is as strong as the [Mg/Fe] vs. velocity dispersion and C_re(1/3) vs. velocity dispersion relations. We speculate that early-type galaxies settle up their structure on time-scales in agreement with those imposed by their [Mg/Fe] Ratios. This suggest that the global structure of larger galaxies, with larger [Mg/Fe] Ratios and shorter time-scales, was already at place at high z, without experiencing a significant time evolution.
Andrea Pipino - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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x ray properties of young early type galaxies ii Abundance Ratio in the hot interstellar matter
The Astrophysical Journal, 2012Co-Authors: Giuseppina Fabbiano, Andrea PipinoAbstract:Using Chandra X-ray observations of young, post-merger elliptical galaxies, we present X-ray characteristics of age-related observational results by comparing them with typical old elliptical galaxies in terms of metal Abundances in the hot interstellar matter (ISM). While the absolute element Abundances may be uncertain because of unknown systematic errors and partly because of the smaller amount of hot gas in young ellipticals, the relative Abundance Ratios (e.g., the α-element to Fe Ratio, and most importantly the Si/Fe Ratio) can be relatively well constrained. In two young elliptical galaxies (NGC 720 and NGC 3923) we find that the Si to Fe Abundance Ratio is super-solar (at a 99% significance level), in contrast to typical old elliptical galaxies where the Si to Fe Abundance Ratio is close to solar. Also, the O/Mg Ratio is close to solar in the two young elliptical galaxies, as opposed to the sub-solar O/Mg Ratio reported in old elliptical galaxies. Both features appear to be less significant outside the effective radius (roughly 30'' for the galaxies under study), consistent with the observations that confine to the centermost regions the signatures of recent star formation in elliptical galaxies. Observed differences between young and old elliptical galaxies can be explained by the additional contribution from SNe II ejecta in the former. In young elliptical galaxies, the later star formation associated with recent mergers would have a dual effect, resulting both in galaxy scale winds—and therefore smaller observed amounts of hot ISM—because of the additional SN II heating, and in different metal Abundances, because of the additional SN II yields.
