Acid Catalysis

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Magnus Rueping - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Hong Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Dennis G. Hall - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Boronic Acid Catalysis.
    Chemical Society reviews, 2019
    Co-Authors: Dennis G. Hall
    Abstract:

    Although boronic Acids are recognized primarily for their utility as reagents in transition metal-catalyzed transformations, other applications are emerging, including their use as reaction catalysts. Few methods are available for the catalytic activation of hydroxy functional groups as a way to promote their direct transformation into useful products under mild conditions. To this end, the ability of boronic Acids to form reversible covalent bonds with hydroxy groups can be exploited to enable both electrophilic and nucleophilic modes of activation in various organic reactions. Using the concept of boronic Acid Catalysis (BAC), electrophilic activation of carboxylic Acids leads to the formation of amides from amines, as well as cycloadditions and conjugate additions with unsaturated carboxylic Acids. Alcohols can also be activated with boronic Acid catalysts to form carbocation intermediates that can be trapped in selective Friedel–Crafts-type reactions with arenes and other nucleophiles. On the other hand, diols and saccharides can form tetrahedral adducts with boronic Acids, which increases their nucleophilic character towards electrophiles. Altogether, BAC imparts mild and selective reaction conditions that display high atom-economy by circumventing the need for wasteful stoichiometric activation of hydroxy groups into halides or sulfonates.

  • boronic Acid Catalysis for mild and selective 3 2 dipolar cycloadditions to unsaturated carboxylic Acids
    ChemInform, 2010
    Co-Authors: Hongchao Zheng, Robert Mcdonald, Dennis G. Hall
    Abstract:

    Free, unsaturated carboxylic Acids can participate directly in dipolar cycloadditions with azides, nitrile oxides, and nitrones by using mild boronic Acid Catalysis at room temperature to give readily isolated heterocyclic products.

  • boronic Acid Catalysis for mild and selective 3 2 dipolar cycloadditions to unsaturated carboxylic Acids
    Chemistry: A European Journal, 2010
    Co-Authors: Hongchao Zheng, Robert Mcdonald, Dennis G. Hall
    Abstract:

    Herein, the concept of boronic Acid Catalysis (BAC) for the activation of unsaturated carboxylic Acids is applied in several classic dipolar [3+2] cycloadditions involving azides, nitrile oxides, and nitrones as partners. These cycloadditions can be used to produce pharmaceutically interesting, small heterocyclic products, such as triazoles, isoxazoles, and isoxazolidines. These cycloadducts are formed directly and include a free carboxylic Acid functionality that can be employed for further transformations, thereby avoiding prior masking or functionalization. In all cases, BAC provides faster reactions, under milder conditions, with much improved product yields and regioselectivities. In some instances, such as triazole formation from the reaction of azides with 2-alkynoic Acids, Catalysis with ortho-nitrophenylboronic Acid circumvents the undesirable product decarboxylation observed when using thermal activation. By using NMR spectroscopic studies, the boronic Acid catalyst was shown to provide activation by a LUMO-lowering effect in the unsaturated carboxylic Acid, likely via a monoacylated hemiboronic ester intermediate.

Masahiro Terada - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Keiji Maruoka - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.