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Peter Eisner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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rapeseed protein concentrates for non food applications prepared from pre pressed and cold pressed press cake via Acidic Precipitation and ultrafiltration
Industrial Crops and Products, 2019Co-Authors: Andreas Fetzer, Thomas Herfellner, Peter EisnerAbstract:Abstract Rapeseed protein concentrates (RPCs), prepared from residual press-cakes, show excellent techno-functional properties, such as emulsification and foaming. However, food application is hindered by residual contents of anti-nutritive components. Limited research has been invested in studying RPCs as a potential ingredient in non-food applications. The present study reports RPC preparation from cold-pressed rapeseed meal (CPM) and pre-pressed rapeseed meal (PPM) as a potential ingredient for the chemical industry. Protein isolation was achieved after extraction at pH 5.7–7.0 via i) ultrafiltration or ii) a combination of Acidic Precipitation followed by ultrafiltration. Protein isolation yields obtained from CPM (36.5%–40.6%) were 60%–90% higher compared to PPM (19.4%–26.0%), highlighting the positive effect of low-temperature processing during defatting. Protein contents of RPCs were 75.3%–87.1% and were highest for preparations obtained through Precipitation. RPCs obtained through ultrafiltration showed good solubility properties and very high values for emulsifying capacity (688–768 mL/g) as well as foaming activity (1834%–2834%). In contrast, precipitated RPCs showed lower functional values (410–445 mL/g, 888%–938%, respectively). All RPCs had excellent film-forming properties in cast-film experiments. Thus, RPCs are promising ingredients for industrial non-food applications such as adhesives, detergents, paints, varnishes and biodegradable polymers.
Andreas Fetzer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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rapeseed protein concentrates for non food applications prepared from pre pressed and cold pressed press cake via Acidic Precipitation and ultrafiltration
Industrial Crops and Products, 2019Co-Authors: Andreas Fetzer, Thomas Herfellner, Peter EisnerAbstract:Abstract Rapeseed protein concentrates (RPCs), prepared from residual press-cakes, show excellent techno-functional properties, such as emulsification and foaming. However, food application is hindered by residual contents of anti-nutritive components. Limited research has been invested in studying RPCs as a potential ingredient in non-food applications. The present study reports RPC preparation from cold-pressed rapeseed meal (CPM) and pre-pressed rapeseed meal (PPM) as a potential ingredient for the chemical industry. Protein isolation was achieved after extraction at pH 5.7–7.0 via i) ultrafiltration or ii) a combination of Acidic Precipitation followed by ultrafiltration. Protein isolation yields obtained from CPM (36.5%–40.6%) were 60%–90% higher compared to PPM (19.4%–26.0%), highlighting the positive effect of low-temperature processing during defatting. Protein contents of RPCs were 75.3%–87.1% and were highest for preparations obtained through Precipitation. RPCs obtained through ultrafiltration showed good solubility properties and very high values for emulsifying capacity (688–768 mL/g) as well as foaming activity (1834%–2834%). In contrast, precipitated RPCs showed lower functional values (410–445 mL/g, 888%–938%, respectively). All RPCs had excellent film-forming properties in cast-film experiments. Thus, RPCs are promising ingredients for industrial non-food applications such as adhesives, detergents, paints, varnishes and biodegradable polymers.
Jon Kristian Skei - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Amphibian recovery after a decrease in Acidic Precipitation
Ambio, 2018Co-Authors: Dag Dolmen, Anders Gravbrøt Finstad, Jon Kristian SkeiAbstract:We here report the first sign of amphibian recovery after a strong decline due to Acidic Precipitation over many decades and peaking around 1980–90. In 2010, the pH level of ponds and small lakes in two heavily acidified areas in southwestern Scandinavia (Aust-Agder and Østfold in Norway) had risen significantly at an (arithmetic) average of 0.14 since 1988–89. Parallel with the general rise in pH, amphibians ( Rana temporaria , R. arvalis , Bufo bufo , Lissotriton vulgaris , and Triturus cristatus ) had become significantly more common: the frequency of amphibian localities rose from 33% to 49% ( n = 115), and the average number of amphibian species per locality had risen from 0.51 to 0.88. In two other (reference) areas, one with better buffering capacity (Telemark, n = 21) and the other with much less input of Acidic Precipitation (Nord-Trøndelag, n = 106), there were no significant changes in pH or amphibians.
Wold, Knut Magnus - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of reduced liming on brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) in four small tributaries in eastern Norway.
2020Co-Authors: Wold, Knut MagnusAbstract:Acidification of surface waters due to Acidic Precipitation has led to a reduction in biological diversity. Through international conventions, emissions causing the Acidic Precipitation has decreased. The hallenges associated with acidification today is of a different character then it was earlier. Huge efforts have been done on a national scale in Norway to reduce acidification, mainly by adding lime to surface waters. Due to reduced Acidic Precipitation, lime treatment has been ceased in 800 locations, during the years 2004 - 2014. A monitoring of the water chemical and biological development in these locations adds knowledge about the consequences of ceased lime treatment. In this study brown trout populations and water chemistry is monitored in four tributaries draining into Lake Råsjøen, Nannestad municipality, Norway. The four tributaries are currently under four different lime treatment regimes. Letter codes have been given to the tributaries Elsjøbekken (A), Storrsjøbekken (B), Botnetjernsbekken (C) and Trasletjernsbekken (D). Tributaries C and D have ceased lime treatment, tributary B is treated with lime in parts of its catchment area, and tributary A is fully treated with lime in its catchment area. The chemical parameters pH and conductivity were measured in field and water samples were collected and sent to a laboratory. Water temperature and relative barometric pressure were registered once an hour by mounted loggers. Brown trout and minnow have been captured in the tributaries using an electrical fishing apparatus. Brown trout were then marked using PIT-tags, to monitor growth and movement. Stationary antennas were mounted at the inlets to Lake Råsjøen, a portable antenna was used in the tributaries, in addition to registration of previously marked brown trout upon recapture. The findings in this study indicates that the ceased lime treatment in tributary D were premature, based on the low abundance of brown trout compared to the other tributaries. Furthermore, tributary D has the lowest pH and ANC levels of the four tributaries. Tributary C does not show a low abundance of brown trout, but there are indications of a negative development as no female spawning brown trout are recaptured there and periodically low pH and ANC levels. Tributaries A and B are still treated with lime and show relatively high densities of brown trout and returning female spawning brown trout. The water chemistry of tributaries A and B are also more stable, compared to tributaries C and D
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Effects of reduced liming on brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) in four small tributaries in eastern Norway.
2020Co-Authors: Wold, Knut MagnusAbstract:Acidification of surface waters due to Acidic Precipitation has led to a reduction in biological diversity. Through international conventions, emissions causing the Acidic Precipitation has decreased. The hallenges associated with acidification today is of a different character then it was earlier. Huge efforts have been done on a national scale in Norway to reduce acidification, mainly by adding lime to surface waters. Due to reduced Acidic Precipitation, lime treatment has been ceased in 800 locations, during the years 2004 - 2014. A monitoring of the water chemical and biological development in these locations adds knowledge about the consequences of ceased lime treatment. In this study brown trout populations and water chemistry is monitored in four tributaries draining into Lake Råsjøen, Nannestad municipality, Norway. The four tributaries are currently under four different lime treatment regimes. Letter codes have been given to the tributaries Elsjøbekken (A), Storrsjøbekken (B), Botnetjernsbekken (C) and Trasletjernsbekken (D). Tributaries C and D have ceased lime treatment, tributary B is treated with lime in parts of its catchment area, and tributary A is fully treated with lime in its catchment area. The chemical parameters pH and conductivity were measured in field and water samples were collected and sent to a laboratory. Water temperature and relative barometric pressure were registered once an hour by mounted loggers. Brown trout and minnow have been captured in the tributaries using an electrical fishing apparatus. Brown trout were then marked using PIT-tags, to monitor growth and movement. Stationary antennas were mounted at the inlets to Lake Råsjøen, a portable antenna was used in the tributaries, in addition to registration of previously marked brown trout upon recapture. The findings in this study indicates that the ceased lime treatment in tributary D were premature, based on the low abundance of brown trout compared to the other tributaries. Furthermore, tributary D has the lowest pH and ANC levels of the four tributaries. Tributary C does not show a low abundance of brown trout, but there are indications of a negative development as no female spawning brown trout are recaptured there and periodically low pH and ANC levels. Tributaries A and B are still treated with lime and show relatively high densities of brown trout and returning female spawning brown trout. The water chemistry of tributaries A and B are also more stable, compared to tributaries C and D.Forsuringen av vann og vassdrag grunnet sur nedbør har ført til en reduksjon i biologisk mangfold. Gjennom internasjonale konvensjoner, har utslippene som førte til sur nedbør blitt redusert. Utfordringene tilknyttet forsuring i dag er av en annen karakter enn tidligere. En stor innsats har blitt gjort på et nasjonalt plan i Norge for å redusere forsuringen, hovedsakelig ved å tilføre kalk til vann. Som en følge av de reduserte sure nedbøren har også bruken av kalk blitt avsluttet i 800 lokaliteter i årene 2004 – 2014. En overvåkning av vannkjemisk og biologisk utvikling i disse lokalitetene øker kunnskapen rundt konsekvensene av avsluttet kalking. I denne studien overvåkes brunørret populasjoner og vannkjemi i fire bekker som drener inn i Råsjøen, Nannestad kommune, i Norge. De fire bekkene er under forskjellige kalkningsregimer Bokstavkoder er gitt til bekkene Elsjøbekken (A), Storrsjøbekken (B), Botnetjernsbekken (C) og Trasletjernsbekken (D). Bekk C og D har avsluttet kalking, bekk B er delvis kalket i nedbørsfeltet og bekk A er fullkalket i nedbørsfeltet. De kjemiske parameterne pH og konduktivitet ble målt i felt og vannprøver ble samlet og sent til et eksternt laboratorium. Vanntemperatur og relativt barometrisk trykk ble registrert en gang i timen av utplasserte loggere. Brunørret og ørekyte ble fanget i bekkene ved hjelp av el-fiskeapparat. Brunørret ble merket med PIT-tags, for å overvåke vekst og bevegelse. Stasjonære antenner ble montert i innløpene til Råsjøen, en bærbar antenne ble benyttet i bekkene, samt at tidligere merket brunørret ble registrert ved gjenfangst. Funnene i denne studien indikerer at den avslutningen av kalkningen i bekk D var for tidlig, basert på lite antall brunørret, sammenliknet med de andre bekkene. Bekk D hadde og de laveste nivåene av pH og ANC av de fire bekkene. Bekk C hadde ikke det samme lave antallet brunørret, men det er indikasjoner på en negativ utvikling at ingen gytende hunner av brunørret ble gjenfanget, samt periodisk lave pH og ANC verdier. Bekkene A og B blir fortsatt tilført kalk og viser relativt høye tettheter av brunørret og gjenfangster av gytende hunner året etter. Vannkjemien er også mer stabil i bekkene A og B, sammenliknet med bekkene C og D
Dag Dolmen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Amphibian recovery after a decrease in Acidic Precipitation
Ambio, 2018Co-Authors: Dag Dolmen, Anders Gravbrøt Finstad, Jon Kristian SkeiAbstract:We here report the first sign of amphibian recovery after a strong decline due to Acidic Precipitation over many decades and peaking around 1980–90. In 2010, the pH level of ponds and small lakes in two heavily acidified areas in southwestern Scandinavia (Aust-Agder and Østfold in Norway) had risen significantly at an (arithmetic) average of 0.14 since 1988–89. Parallel with the general rise in pH, amphibians ( Rana temporaria , R. arvalis , Bufo bufo , Lissotriton vulgaris , and Triturus cristatus ) had become significantly more common: the frequency of amphibian localities rose from 33% to 49% ( n = 115), and the average number of amphibian species per locality had risen from 0.51 to 0.88. In two other (reference) areas, one with better buffering capacity (Telemark, n = 21) and the other with much less input of Acidic Precipitation (Nord-Trøndelag, n = 106), there were no significant changes in pH or amphibians.
