The Experts below are selected from a list of 36174 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
G. S. Schorr - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Acoustic and diving behavior of sperm whales physeter macrocephalus during natural and depredation foraging in the gulf of alaska
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2012Co-Authors: Delphine Mathias, G. S. Schorr, Aaron Thode, Janice M Straley, John Calambokidis, Kendall FolkertAbstract:Sperm whales have depredated black cod (Anoplopoma fimbria) from demersal longlines in the Gulf of Alaska for decades, but the behavior has recently spread in intensity and geographic coverage. Over a three-year period 11 bioAcoustic tags were attached to adult sperm whales off Southeast Alaska during both natural and depredation foraging conditions. Measurements of the animals’ dive profiles and their Acoustic behavior under both behavioral modes were examined for statistically significant differences. Two rough categories of depredation are identified: “deep” and “shallow.” “Deep depredating” whales consistently surface within 500 m of a hauling fishing vessel, have maximum dive depths greater than 200 m, and display significantly different Acoustic behavior than naturally foraging whales, with shorter inter-click intervals, occasional bouts of high “creak” rates, and fewer dives without creaks. “Shallow depredating” whales conduct dives that are much shorter, shallower, and more Acoustically active than both the natural and deep depredating behaviors, with median creak rates three times that of natural levels. These results suggest that depredation efforts might be measured remotely with passive Acoustic Monitoring at close ranges.
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Near-real-time Acoustic Monitoring of beaked whales and other cetaceans using a Seaglider™
PLoS ONE, 2012Co-Authors: Holger Klinck, Karolin Klinck, Neil M. Bogue, James C. Luby, Geoffrey B. Shilling, Trina Litchendorf, Angela S. Wood, David K. Mellinger, W. A. Jump, G. S. SchorrAbstract:In most areas, estimating the presence and distribution of cryptic marine mammal species, such as beaked whales, is extremely difficult using traditional observational techniques such as ship-based visual line transect surveys. Because Acoustic methods permit detection of animals underwater, at night, and in poor weather conditions, passive Acoustic observation has been used increasingly often over the last decade to study marine mammal distribution, abundance, and movements, as well as for mitigation of potentially harmful anthropogenic effects. However, there is demand for new, cost-effective tools that allow scientists to monitor areas of interest autonomously with high temporal and spatial resolution in near-real time. Here we describe an autonomous underwater vehicle--a glider--equipped with an Acoustic sensor and onboard data processing capabilities to passively scan an area for marine mammals in near-real time. The glider was tested extensively off the west coast of the Island of Hawai'i, USA. The instrument covered approximately 390 km during three weeks at sea and collected a total of 194 h of Acoustic data. Detections of beaked whales were successfully reported to shore in near-real time. Manual analysis of the recorded data revealed a high number of vocalizations of delphinids and sperm whales. Furthermore, the glider collected vocalizations of unknown origin very similar to those made by known species of beaked whales. The instrument developed here can be used to cost-effectively screen areas of interest for marine mammals for several months at a time. The near-real-time detection and reporting capabilities of the glider can help to protect marine mammals during potentially harmful anthropogenic activities such as seismic exploration for sub-sea fossil fuels or naval sonar exercises. Furthermore, the glider is capable of under-ice operation, allowing investigation of otherwise inaccessible polar environments that are critical habitats for many endangered marine mammal species.
Hjalmar S Kuhl - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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passive Acoustic Monitoring reveals group ranging and territory use a case study of wild chimpanzees pan troglodytes
Frontiers in Zoology, 2016Co-Authors: Ammie K Kalan, Alex K Piel, Roger Mundry, Roman M Wittig, Christophe Boesch, Hjalmar S KuhlAbstract:Background Assessing the range and territories of wild mammals traditionally requires years of data collection and often involves directly following individuals or using tracking devices. Indirect and non-invasive methods of Monitoring wildlife have therefore emerged as attractive alternatives due to their ability to collect data at large spatiotemporal scales using standardized remote sensing technologies. Here, we investigate the use of two novel passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM) systems used to capture long-distance sounds produced by the same species, wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), living in two different habitats: forest (Tai, Cote d’Ivoire) and savanna-woodland (Issa valley, Tanzania).
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towards the automated detection and occupancy estimation of primates using passive Acoustic Monitoring
Ecological Indicators, 2015Co-Authors: Ammie K Kalan, Roger Mundry, Christophe Boesch, Oliver J J Wagner, Stefanie Heinicke, Hjalmar S KuhlAbstract:Abstract Recent advancements in technology have made possible the use of novel, cost-efficient bioMonitoring techniques which facilitate Monitoring animal populations at larger spatial and temporal scales. Here, we investigated using passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM) for wild primate populations living in the forest of Tai National Park, Cote d’Ivoire. We assessed the potential of using a customized algorithm for the automated detection of multiple primate species to obtain reliable estimates of species occurrence from Acoustic data. First, we applied the algorithm on continuous rainforest recordings collected using autonomous recording units (ARUs) to detect and classify three sound signals: chimpanzee buttress drumming, and the loud calls of the diana and king colobus monkey. Using an occupancy modelling approach we then investigated to what extent the automated, probabilistic output needs to be listened to, and thus manually cleaned, by a human expert, to approach occupancy probabilities derived from ARU data fully verified by a human. To do this we explored the robustness of occupancy probability estimates by simulating ARU datasets with various degrees of cleaning for false positives and false negative detections. We further validated the approach by comparing it to data collected by human observers on point transects located within the same study area. Our study demonstrates that occurrence estimates from ARU data, combined with automated processing methods such as our algorithm, can provide results comparable to data collected by humans and require less effort. We show that occupancy probabilities are quite robust to cleaning effort, particularly when occurrence is high, and suggest that for some species even naive occupancy, as derived from ARU data without any cleaning, could provide a quick and reliable indicator to guide Monitoring efforts. We found detection probabilities to be most influenced by time of day for chimpanzee drums while temperature and, likely, poaching pressure, affected detection of diana monkey loud calls. None of the covariates investigated appeared to have strongly affected king colobus loud call detection. Finally, we conclude that the semi-automated approach presented here could be used as an early-warning system for poaching activity and suggest additional techniques for improving its performance.
Chauvaud Laure - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Propagation distances and sound properties of the antennal rasps produced by spiny lobsters (Palinurus elephas) in European coastal waters
'Acoustical Society of America (ASA)', 2019Co-Authors: Jézéquel Youe, Coston-guarini Jennife, Onnel Julie, Chauvaud LaureAbstract:International audienceSpiny lobsters (Palinurus elephas) have been overfished in European waters, and adult breeders are now scarce. Our recent study highlighted the high Acoustic potential of this species, which can emit loud broadband pulse trains, called “antennal rasps,” with peak-to-peak source levels (estimated at 1 m from the source) above 160 dB re 1 μPa² [Jézéquel et al., Marine Ecology Progress Series 615 (2019)]. These Acoustic properties imply that these sounds could be detected during in situ passive Acoustic Monitoring. However, before using a such tool, we need to understand how antennal rasps propagate in situ and at what distance they could be detected above the ambient noise. To answer these questions, we recorded spiny lobster antennal rasps in the Iroise Sea (Brittany, France). We used a linear array of 8 hydrophones, with distances between animals and receivers ranging from 0.5 m to 100 m. We recorded antennal rasps from 38 individuals of various sizes. Our results demonstrate that large spiny lobsters can be detected at 100 m, and that sound properties might be directly influenced by the size of the individuals
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Propagation distances and sound properties of the antennal rasps produced by spiny lobsters (Palinurus elephas) in European coastal waters
HAL CCSD, 2019Co-Authors: Jézéquel Youe, Coston-guarini Jennife, Onnel Julie, Chauvaud LaureAbstract:Spiny lobsters (Palinurus elephas) have been overfished in European waters, and adult breeders are now scarce. Our recent study highlighted the high Acoustic potential of this species, which can emit loud broadband pulse trains, called “antennal rasps,” with peak-to-peak source levels (estimated at 1 m from the source) above 160 dB re 1 μPa² [Jézéquel et al., Marine Ecology Progress Series 615 (2019)]. These Acoustic properties imply that these sounds could be detected during in situ passive Acoustic Monitoring. However, before using a such tool, we need to understand how antennal rasps propagate in situ and at what distance they could be detected above the ambient noise. To answer these questions, we recorded spiny lobster antennal rasps in the Iroise Sea (Brittany, France). We used a linear array of 8 hydrophones, with distances between animals and receivers ranging from 0.5 m to 100 m. We recorded antennal rasps from 38 individuals of various sizes. Our results demonstrate that large spiny lobsters can be detected at 100 m, and that sound properties might be directly influenced by the size of the individuals
Erin M. Oleson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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temporal patterns in detections of sperm whales physeter macrocephalus in the north pacific ocean based on long term passive Acoustic Monitoring
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2014Co-Authors: Karlina Merkens, Anne E Simonis, Erin M. OlesonAbstract:Sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus), a long-lived, cosmopolitan species, are well suited for long-term studies, and their high amplitude echolocation signals make them ideal for passive Acoustic Monitoring. NOAA’s Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center has deployed High-frequency Acoustic Recording Packages (200 kHz sampling rate) at 13 deep-water locations across the central and western North Pacific Ocean since 2005. Recordings from all sites were manually analyzed for sperm whale signals, and temporal patterns were examined on multiple scales. There were sperm whale detections at all sites, although the rate of detection varied by location, with the highest rate at Wake Island (15% of samples), and the fewest detections at sites close to the equator (<1%). Only two locations (Saipan and Pearl and Hermes Reef) showed significant seasonal patterns, with more detections in the early spring and summer than in later summer or fall. There were no significant patterns relating to lunar cycles. Analysis of...
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investigating whistle characteristics of three overlapping populations of false killer whales pseudorca crassidens in the hawaiian islands
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2014Co-Authors: Yvonne Barkley, Erin M. Oleson, Julie N OswaldAbstract:Three genetically distinct populations of false killer whales Pseudorca crassidens) reside in the Hawaiian Archipelago: two insular populations (one within the main Hawaiian Islands [MHI] and the other within the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands [NWHI]), and a wide-ranging pelagic population with a distribution overlapping the two insular populations. The mechanisms that created and maintain the separation among these populations are unknown. To investigate the distinctiveness of whistles produced by each population, we adapted the Real-time Odontocete Call Classification Algorithm (ROCCA) whistle classifier to classify false killer whale whistles to population based on 54 whistle measurements. 911 total whistles from the three populations were included in the analysis. Results show that the MHI population is vocally distinct, with up to 80% of individual whistles correctly classified. The NWHI and pelagic populations achieved between 48 and 52% correct classification for individual whistles. We evaluated the sensitivity of the classifier to the input whistle measurements to determine which variables are driving the classification results. Understanding how these three populations differ Acoustically may improve the efficacy of the classifier and create new Acoustic Monitoring approaches for a difficult-to-study species.
Edward De Vol - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The accuracy, precision and reliability of measuring ventilatory rate and detecting ventilatory pause by rainbow Acoustic Monitoring and capnometry
Anesthesia and Analgesia, 2013Co-Authors: Michael A E Ramsay, Elaine Lagow, Minerva Mendoza, Emylene Untalan, Muhammad Usman, Edward De VolAbstract:BACKGROUND: Current methods for Monitoring ventilatory rate have limitations including poor accuracy and precision and low patient tolerance. In this study, we evaluated a new Acoustic ventilatory rate Monitoring technology for accuracy, precision, reliability, and the ability to detect pauses in ventilation, relative to capnometry and a reference method in postsurgical patients. METHODS: Adult patients presenting to the postanesthesia care unit were connected to a Pulse CO-Oximeter with Acoustic Monitoring technology (Rad-87, version 7804, Masimo, Irvine, CA) through an adhesive bioAcoustic sensor (RAS-125, rev C) applied to the neck. Each subject also wore a nasal cannula connected to a bedside capnometer (Capnostream20, version 4.5, Oridion, Needham, MA). The Acoustic monitor and capnometer were connected to a computer for continuous Acoustic and expiratory carbon dioxide waveform recordings. Recordings were retrospectively analyzed by a trained technician in a setting that allowed for the simultaneous viewing of both waveforms while listening to the breathing sounds from the Acoustic signal to determine inspiration and expiration reference markers within the ventilatory cycle without using the Acoustic monitor- or capnometer-calculated ventilatory rate. This allowed the automatic calculation of a reference ventilatory rate for each device through a software program (TagEditor, Masimo). Accuracy (relative to the respective reference) and precision of each device were estimated and compared with each other. Sensitivity for detection of pauses in ventilation, defined as no inspiration or expiration activity in the reference ventilatory cycle for ≥30 seconds, was also determined. The devices were also evaluated for their reliability, i.e., the percentage of the time when each displayed a value and did not drop a measurement. RESULTS: Thirty-three adults (73% female) with age of 45 ± 14 years and weight 117 ± 42 kg were enrolled. A total of 3712 minutes of Monitoring time (average 112 minutes per subject) were analyzed across the 2 devices, reference ventilatory rates ranged from 1.9 to 49.1 bpm. Acoustic Monitoring showed significantly greater accuracy (P = 0.0056) and precision (P- = 0.0024) for respiratory rate as compared with capnometry. On average, both devices displayed data over 97% of the monitored time. The (0.95, 0.95) lower tolerance limits for the Acoustic monitor and capnometer were 94% and 84%, respectively. Acoustic Monitoring was marginally more sensitive (P = 0.0461) to pauses in ventilation (81% vs 62%) in 21 apneic events. CONCLUSIONS: In this study of a population of postsurgical patients, the Acoustic monitor and capnometer both reliably monitored ventilatory rate. The Acoustic monitor was statistically more accurate and more precise than the capnometer, but differences in performance were modest. It is not known whether the observed differences are clinically significant. The Acoustic monitor was more sensitive to detecting pauses in ventilation. Acoustic Monitoring may provide an effective and convenient means of Monitoring ventilatory rate in postsurgical patients.
