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Action Potential Propagates
The Experts below are selected from a list of 48 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Aldo A Faisal – One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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saltatory conduction in unmyelinated axons clustering of na channels on lipid rafts enables micro saltatory conduction in c fibers
Frontiers in Neuroanatomy, 2014Co-Authors: Ali Neishabouri, Aldo A FaisalAbstract:The Action Potential (AP), the fundamental signal of the nervous system, is carried by two types of axons: unmyelinated and myelinated fibers. In the former the Action Potential Propagates continuously along the axon as established in large-diameter fibers. In the latter axons the AP jumps along the Nodes of Ranvier – discrete, anatomically specialized regions which contain very high densities of sodium ion (Na + ) channels. Therefore saltatory conduction is thought as the hallmark of myelinated axons, which enables faster and more reliable propagation of signals than in unmyelinated axons of same outer diameter. Recent molecular anatomy showed that in C-fibers, the very thin (0.1 μm diameter) axons of the peripheral nervous system, Nav1.8 channels are clustered together on lipid rafts that float in the cell membrane. This localized concentration of Na+ channels resembles in structure the ion channel organization at the Nodes of Ranvier, yet it is currently unknown whether this translates into equivalent phenomenon of saltatory conduction or related-functional benefits and efficiencies. Therefore, we modeled biophysically realistic unmyelinated axons with both conventional and lipid-raft based organization of Na+ channels. We find that Action Potentials are reliably conducted in a micro-saltatory fashion along lipid rafts. Comparing APs in unmyelinated fibers with and without lipid rafts did not reveal any significant difference in either the metabolic cost or AP propagation velocity. By investigating the efficiency of AP propagation over Nav1.8 channels, we find however that the specific inactivation properties of these channels significantly increase the metabolic cost of signaling in C-fibers.
Ali Neishabouri – One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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saltatory conduction in unmyelinated axons clustering of na channels on lipid rafts enables micro saltatory conduction in c fibers
Frontiers in Neuroanatomy, 2014Co-Authors: Ali Neishabouri, Aldo A FaisalAbstract:The Action Potential (AP), the fundamental signal of the nervous system, is carried by two types of axons: unmyelinated and myelinated fibers. In the former the Action Potential Propagates continuously along the axon as established in large-diameter fibers. In the latter axons the AP jumps along the Nodes of Ranvier – discrete, anatomically specialized regions which contain very high densities of sodium ion (Na + ) channels. Therefore saltatory conduction is thought as the hallmark of myelinated axons, which enables faster and more reliable propagation of signals than in unmyelinated axons of same outer diameter. Recent molecular anatomy showed that in C-fibers, the very thin (0.1 μm diameter) axons of the peripheral nervous system, Nav1.8 channels are clustered together on lipid rafts that float in the cell membrane. This localized concentration of Na+ channels resembles in structure the ion channel organization at the Nodes of Ranvier, yet it is currently unknown whether this translates into equivalent phenomenon of saltatory conduction or related-functional benefits and efficiencies. Therefore, we modeled biophysically realistic unmyelinated axons with both conventional and lipid-raft based organization of Na+ channels. We find that Action Potentials are reliably conducted in a micro-saltatory fashion along lipid rafts. Comparing APs in unmyelinated fibers with and without lipid rafts did not reveal any significant difference in either the metabolic cost or AP propagation velocity. By investigating the efficiency of AP propagation over Nav1.8 channels, we find however that the specific inactivation properties of these channels significantly increase the metabolic cost of signaling in C-fibers.
Aldo A. Efaisal – One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Saltatory conduction in unmyelinated axons: Clustering of Na+ channels on lipid rafts allows micro-saltatory conduction in C-fibers
Frontiers Media S.A., 2014Co-Authors: Ali Eneishabouri, Aldo A. EfaisalAbstract:The Action Potential (AP), the fundamental signal of the nervous system, is carried by two types of axons: unmyelinated and myelinated fibers. In the former the Action Potential Propagates continuously along the axon as established in large-diameter fibers. In the latter axons the AP jumps along the Nodes of Ranvier – discrete, anatomically specialized regions which contain very high densities of sodium ion (Na + ) channels. Therefore saltatory conduction is thought as the hallmark of myelinated axons, which enables faster and more reliable propagation of signals than in unmyelinated axons of same outer diameter.Recent molecular anatomy showed that in C-fibers, the very thin (0.1 μm diameter) axons of the peripheral nervous system, Nav1.8 channels are clustered together on lipid rafts that float in the cell membrane. This localized concentration of Na+ channels resembles in structure the ion channel organization at the Nodes of Ranvier, yet it is currently unknown whether this translates into equivalent phenomenon of saltatory conduction or related-functional benefits and efficiencies. Therefore, we modeled biophysically realistic unmyelinated axons with both conventional and lipid-raft based organization of Na+ channels. We find that Action Potentials are reliably conducted in a micro-saltatory fashion along lipid rafts.Comparing APs in unmyelinated fibers with and without lipid rafts did not reveal any significant difference in either the metabolic cost or AP propagation velocity. By investigating the efficiency of AP propagation over Nav1.8 channels, we find however that the specific inactivation properties of these channels significantly increase the metabolic cost of signaling in C-fibers
Bradley J. Roth – One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The magnetic field associated with a plane wave front propagating through cardiac tissue
IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering, 1999Co-Authors: Bradley J. Roth, Marcella C. WoodsAbstract:An Action Potential propagating through a two-dimensional sheet of cardiac tissue produces a magnetic field. In the direction of propagation, the intracellular and extracellular current densities are equal and opposite, so the net current is zero. However, because of the unequal anisotropy ratios in the intracellular and extracellular spaces, the component of the current density perpendicular to the direction of propagation does not, in general, vanish. This line of current produces the magnetic field. The amplitude of the magnetic field is zero only if the Action Potential Propagates parallel to or perpendicular to the fiber direction, or if the tissue has equal anisotropy ratios.
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Action Potential propagation in a thick strand of cardiac muscle.
Circulation research, 1991Co-Authors: Bradley J. RothAbstract:A theoretical model of Action Potential propagation in a thick strand of cardiac muscle is presented. The calculation takes into account the anisotropic and syncytial properties of the tissue, the presence of the interstitial space, the effect of the surrounding tissue bath, and the variation of the Potential both along the strand length and across the strand cross section. The bidomain model is used to represent the electrical properties of the tissue, and the Ebihara-Johnson model is used to represent the properties of the active sodium channels. The calculated wave front is curved, with the Action Potential at the surface of the strand leading that at the center. The rate of rise of the Action Potential and the time constant of the Action Potential foot vary with depth into the tissue. The velocity of the wave front is nearly independent of strand radius for radii greater than 0.5 mm. The conduction velocity decreases as the volume frAction of the interstitial space decreases. In the limit of tightly packed cells, an Action Potential Propagates quickly over the surface of the strand; the bulk of the tissue is then excited by a slow inward wave front initiated on the surface. This model does not predict an increase in conduction velocity when cells are tightly packed, a hypothesis that has been proposed previously to explain the fast conduction velocity in Purkinje fibers of some species.
Ali Eneishabouri – One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Saltatory conduction in unmyelinated axons: Clustering of Na+ channels on lipid rafts allows micro-saltatory conduction in C-fibers
Frontiers Media S.A., 2014Co-Authors: Ali Eneishabouri, Aldo A. EfaisalAbstract:The Action Potential (AP), the fundamental signal of the nervous system, is carried by two types of axons: unmyelinated and myelinated fibers. In the former the Action Potential Propagates continuously along the axon as established in large-diameter fibers. In the latter axons the AP jumps along the Nodes of Ranvier – discrete, anatomically specialized regions which contain very high densities of sodium ion (Na + ) channels. Therefore saltatory conduction is thought as the hallmark of myelinated axons, which enables faster and more reliable propagation of signals than in unmyelinated axons of same outer diameter.Recent molecular anatomy showed that in C-fibers, the very thin (0.1 μm diameter) axons of the peripheral nervous system, Nav1.8 channels are clustered together on lipid rafts that float in the cell membrane. This localized concentration of Na+ channels resembles in structure the ion channel organization at the Nodes of Ranvier, yet it is currently unknown whether this translates into equivalent phenomenon of saltatory conduction or related-functional benefits and efficiencies. Therefore, we modeled biophysically realistic unmyelinated axons with both conventional and lipid-raft based organization of Na+ channels. We find that Action Potentials are reliably conducted in a micro-saltatory fashion along lipid rafts.Comparing APs in unmyelinated fibers with and without lipid rafts did not reveal any significant difference in either the metabolic cost or AP propagation velocity. By investigating the efficiency of AP propagation over Nav1.8 channels, we find however that the specific inactivation properties of these channels significantly increase the metabolic cost of signaling in C-fibers