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Colin Macleod - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effect of approach avoidance training on alcohol consumption is mediated by change in alcohol Action Tendency
PLOS ONE, 2014Co-Authors: Jason M. Sharbanee, Werner G. K. Stritzke, Reinout W. Wiers, Mike Rinck, Colin MacleodAbstract:Training people to respond to alcohol images by making avoidance joystick movements can affect subsequent alcohol consumption, and has shown initial efficacy as a treatment adjunct. However, the mechanisms that underlie the training’s efficacy are unknown. The present study aimed to determine 1) whether the training’s effect is mediated by a change in Action Tendency or a change in selective attention, and 2) whether the training’s effect is moderated by individual differences in working memory capacity (WMC). Three groups of social drinkers (total N = 74) completed either approach-alcohol training, avoid-alcohol training or a sham-training on the Approach-Avoidance Task (AAT). Participants’ WMC was assessed prior to training, while their alcohol-related Action Tendency and selective attention were assessed before and after the training on the recently developed Selective-Attention/Action Tendency Task (SA/ATT), before finally completing an alcohol taste-test. There was no significant main effect of approach/avoidance training on alcohol consumption during the taste-test. However, there was a significant indirect effect of training on alcohol consumption mediated by a change in Action Tendency, but no indirect effect mediated by a change in selective attention. There was inconsistent evidence of WMC moderating training efficacy, with moderation found only for the effect of approach-alcohol training on the AAT but not on the SA/ATT. Thus approach/avoidance training affects alcohol consumption specifically by changing the underlying Action Tendency. Multiple training sessions may be required in order to observe more substantive changes in drinking behaviour.
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The effect of approach/avoidance training on alcohol consumption is mediated by change in alcohol Action Tendency
PloS one, 2014Co-Authors: Jason M. Sharbanee, Werner G. K. Stritzke, Reinout W. Wiers, Mike Rinck, Colin MacleodAbstract:Training people to respond to alcohol images by making avoidance joystick movements can affect subsequent alcohol consumption, and has shown initial efficacy as a treatment adjunct. However, the mechanisms that underlie the training’s efficacy are unknown. The present study aimed to determine 1) whether the training’s effect is mediated by a change in Action Tendency or a change in selective attention, and 2) whether the training’s effect is moderated by individual differences in working memory capacity (WMC). Three groups of social drinkers (total N = 74) completed either approach-alcohol training, avoid-alcohol training or a sham-training on the Approach-Avoidance Task (AAT). Participants’ WMC was assessed prior to training, while their alcohol-related Action Tendency and selective attention were assessed before and after the training on the recently developed Selective-Attention/Action Tendency Task (SA/ATT), before finally completing an alcohol taste-test. There was no significant main effect of approach/avoidance training on alcohol consumption during the taste-test. However, there was a significant indirect effect of training on alcohol consumption mediated by a change in Action Tendency, but no indirect effect mediated by a change in selective attention. There was inconsistent evidence of WMC moderating training efficacy, with moderation found only for the effect of approach-alcohol training on the AAT but not on the SA/ATT. Thus approach/avoidance training affects alcohol consumption specifically by changing the underlying Action Tendency. Multiple training sessions may be required in order to observe more substantive changes in drinking behaviour.
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Alcohol-related biases in selective attention and Action Tendency make distinct contributions to dysregulated drinking behaviour.
Addiction (Abingdon England), 2013Co-Authors: Jason M. Sharbanee, Werner G. K. Stritzke, Reinout W. Wiers, Colin MacleodAbstract:AIMS: To assess whether alcohol-related biases in selective-attention and Action Tendency uniquely or concurrently predict the ability to regulate alcohol consumption. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: Two groups of undergraduate social drinkers (total n = 55) who differed in their ability to regulate their alcohol consumption completed a novel Selective-Attention/Action-Tendency Task (SA/ATT), which assessed separately alcohol-related biases in selective attention and Action Tendency. SETTING: University of Western Australia, Australia. MEASUREMENT: Dysregulated drinking was operationalized as a self-reported high level of alcohol consumption on the Alcohol Consumption Questionnaire, and a high desire to reduce consumption on the Brief Readiness to Change Algorithm. Selective attention and Action Tendency were assessed using the SA/ATT, working memory was assessed using the operation-span task and participant characteristics were assessed using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale (SOCRATES). FINDINGS: Results indicated that (i) there was no significant association between alcohol-related biases in selective attention and Action Tendency, r = 0.16, P = 0.274, and (ii) biases towards alcohol, in both selective attention, β = 1.01, odds ratio = 2.74, P = 0.022, and Action Tendency, β = 1.24, odds ratio = 3.45, P = 0.015, predicted independent variance in dysregulated-drinker status. CONCLUSION: Biases in selective attention and Action Tendency appear to be distinct mechanisms that contribute independently to difficulty regulating alcohol consumption. Treatment components that could be combined to target both mechanisms could enhance treatment outcomes for alcohol-use disorders.
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The InterAction of Approach-Alcohol Action Tendencies, Working Memory Capacity, and Current Task Goals Predicts the Inability to Regulate Drinking Behavior
Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors, 2012Co-Authors: Jason M. Sharbanee, Werner G. K. Stritzke, Reinout W. Wiers, Mike Rinck, Paul Young, Colin MacleodAbstract:The inability to regulate alcohol consumption has been attributed to an imbalance between stimulus-driven behavioral biases, or Action tendencies, and the ability to exert goal-directed control, or working memory capacity (WMC). Previous research assessing the interAction between these variables has not considered the effect of whether individuals' current goals or task demands require goal-directed control. Our aim was to examine the potential interAction of appetitive Action tendencies and the ability to exert control over these Action tendencies as a function of whether task demands require applying control for successful task completion. Two groups of social drinkers (n = 40 per group) who differed in their ability to regulate their alcohol consumption completed a novel variant of the Approach-Avoidance Task (AAT), which separately assessed approach and avoid trials. The approach and avoidance responses differentially require goal-directed control, depending on whether the task-relevant response is incongruent with the stimulus-driven Action Tendency. Results indicated that (a) group differences in AAT indices were only observed on trials that required an avoidance movement, which are trials where the task-relevant response would be incongruent with an approach Action Tendency, and (b) the extent of the group differences for these avoidance trials was moderated by individual differences in WMC, such that problem drinkers with lower WMC showed greater behavioral bias toward alcohol than those with higher WMC. These findings suggest that difficulties in regulating alcohol consumption arise from a complex interAction of Action-tendencies, WMC, and current goals or task demands.
Jason M. Sharbanee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effect of approach avoidance training on alcohol consumption is mediated by change in alcohol Action Tendency
PLOS ONE, 2014Co-Authors: Jason M. Sharbanee, Werner G. K. Stritzke, Reinout W. Wiers, Mike Rinck, Colin MacleodAbstract:Training people to respond to alcohol images by making avoidance joystick movements can affect subsequent alcohol consumption, and has shown initial efficacy as a treatment adjunct. However, the mechanisms that underlie the training’s efficacy are unknown. The present study aimed to determine 1) whether the training’s effect is mediated by a change in Action Tendency or a change in selective attention, and 2) whether the training’s effect is moderated by individual differences in working memory capacity (WMC). Three groups of social drinkers (total N = 74) completed either approach-alcohol training, avoid-alcohol training or a sham-training on the Approach-Avoidance Task (AAT). Participants’ WMC was assessed prior to training, while their alcohol-related Action Tendency and selective attention were assessed before and after the training on the recently developed Selective-Attention/Action Tendency Task (SA/ATT), before finally completing an alcohol taste-test. There was no significant main effect of approach/avoidance training on alcohol consumption during the taste-test. However, there was a significant indirect effect of training on alcohol consumption mediated by a change in Action Tendency, but no indirect effect mediated by a change in selective attention. There was inconsistent evidence of WMC moderating training efficacy, with moderation found only for the effect of approach-alcohol training on the AAT but not on the SA/ATT. Thus approach/avoidance training affects alcohol consumption specifically by changing the underlying Action Tendency. Multiple training sessions may be required in order to observe more substantive changes in drinking behaviour.
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The effect of approach/avoidance training on alcohol consumption is mediated by change in alcohol Action Tendency
PloS one, 2014Co-Authors: Jason M. Sharbanee, Werner G. K. Stritzke, Reinout W. Wiers, Mike Rinck, Colin MacleodAbstract:Training people to respond to alcohol images by making avoidance joystick movements can affect subsequent alcohol consumption, and has shown initial efficacy as a treatment adjunct. However, the mechanisms that underlie the training’s efficacy are unknown. The present study aimed to determine 1) whether the training’s effect is mediated by a change in Action Tendency or a change in selective attention, and 2) whether the training’s effect is moderated by individual differences in working memory capacity (WMC). Three groups of social drinkers (total N = 74) completed either approach-alcohol training, avoid-alcohol training or a sham-training on the Approach-Avoidance Task (AAT). Participants’ WMC was assessed prior to training, while their alcohol-related Action Tendency and selective attention were assessed before and after the training on the recently developed Selective-Attention/Action Tendency Task (SA/ATT), before finally completing an alcohol taste-test. There was no significant main effect of approach/avoidance training on alcohol consumption during the taste-test. However, there was a significant indirect effect of training on alcohol consumption mediated by a change in Action Tendency, but no indirect effect mediated by a change in selective attention. There was inconsistent evidence of WMC moderating training efficacy, with moderation found only for the effect of approach-alcohol training on the AAT but not on the SA/ATT. Thus approach/avoidance training affects alcohol consumption specifically by changing the underlying Action Tendency. Multiple training sessions may be required in order to observe more substantive changes in drinking behaviour.
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Approach-alcohol Action tendencies can be inhibited by cognitive load
Psychopharmacology, 2013Co-Authors: Jason M. Sharbanee, Werner G. K. Stritzke, M.e. Jamalludin, Reinout W. WiersAbstract:Rationale Dysregulated alcohol consumption has been attributed to an imbalance between an approach-alcohol Action Tendency and executive control processes. However, which specific executive control processes are involved is not known. One candidate executive process is interference suppression, which refers to the suppression of task-irrelevant information through the active maintenance of task-relevant information or a cognitive load.
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Alcohol-related biases in selective attention and Action Tendency make distinct contributions to dysregulated drinking behaviour.
Addiction (Abingdon England), 2013Co-Authors: Jason M. Sharbanee, Werner G. K. Stritzke, Reinout W. Wiers, Colin MacleodAbstract:AIMS: To assess whether alcohol-related biases in selective-attention and Action Tendency uniquely or concurrently predict the ability to regulate alcohol consumption. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: Two groups of undergraduate social drinkers (total n = 55) who differed in their ability to regulate their alcohol consumption completed a novel Selective-Attention/Action-Tendency Task (SA/ATT), which assessed separately alcohol-related biases in selective attention and Action Tendency. SETTING: University of Western Australia, Australia. MEASUREMENT: Dysregulated drinking was operationalized as a self-reported high level of alcohol consumption on the Alcohol Consumption Questionnaire, and a high desire to reduce consumption on the Brief Readiness to Change Algorithm. Selective attention and Action Tendency were assessed using the SA/ATT, working memory was assessed using the operation-span task and participant characteristics were assessed using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale (SOCRATES). FINDINGS: Results indicated that (i) there was no significant association between alcohol-related biases in selective attention and Action Tendency, r = 0.16, P = 0.274, and (ii) biases towards alcohol, in both selective attention, β = 1.01, odds ratio = 2.74, P = 0.022, and Action Tendency, β = 1.24, odds ratio = 3.45, P = 0.015, predicted independent variance in dysregulated-drinker status. CONCLUSION: Biases in selective attention and Action Tendency appear to be distinct mechanisms that contribute independently to difficulty regulating alcohol consumption. Treatment components that could be combined to target both mechanisms could enhance treatment outcomes for alcohol-use disorders.
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The InterAction of Approach-Alcohol Action Tendencies, Working Memory Capacity, and Current Task Goals Predicts the Inability to Regulate Drinking Behavior
Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors, 2012Co-Authors: Jason M. Sharbanee, Werner G. K. Stritzke, Reinout W. Wiers, Mike Rinck, Paul Young, Colin MacleodAbstract:The inability to regulate alcohol consumption has been attributed to an imbalance between stimulus-driven behavioral biases, or Action tendencies, and the ability to exert goal-directed control, or working memory capacity (WMC). Previous research assessing the interAction between these variables has not considered the effect of whether individuals' current goals or task demands require goal-directed control. Our aim was to examine the potential interAction of appetitive Action tendencies and the ability to exert control over these Action tendencies as a function of whether task demands require applying control for successful task completion. Two groups of social drinkers (n = 40 per group) who differed in their ability to regulate their alcohol consumption completed a novel variant of the Approach-Avoidance Task (AAT), which separately assessed approach and avoid trials. The approach and avoidance responses differentially require goal-directed control, depending on whether the task-relevant response is incongruent with the stimulus-driven Action Tendency. Results indicated that (a) group differences in AAT indices were only observed on trials that required an avoidance movement, which are trials where the task-relevant response would be incongruent with an approach Action Tendency, and (b) the extent of the group differences for these avoidance trials was moderated by individual differences in WMC, such that problem drinkers with lower WMC showed greater behavioral bias toward alcohol than those with higher WMC. These findings suggest that difficulties in regulating alcohol consumption arise from a complex interAction of Action-tendencies, WMC, and current goals or task demands.
Reinout W. Wiers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Test of Multisession Automatic Action Tendency Retraining to Reduce Alcohol Consumption Among Young Adults in the Context of a Human Laboratory Paradigm
Alcoholism clinical and experimental research, 2018Co-Authors: Robert F. Leeman, Reinout W. Wiers, Christine Nogueira, Janna Cousijn, Kelly Serafini, Kelly S. Demartini, John A. Bargh, Stephanie S. O'malleyAbstract:Background Young adult heavy drinking is an important public health concern. Current interventions have efficacy but with only modest effects, and thus, novel interventions are needed. In prior studies, heavy drinkers, including young adults, have demonstrated stronger automatically triggered approach tendencies to alcohol-related stimuli than lighter drinkers. Automatic Action Tendency retraining has been developed to correct this Tendency and consequently reduce alcohol consumption. This study is the first to test multiple iterations of automatic Action Tendency retraining, followed by laboratory alcohol self-administration. Methods A total of 72 nontreatment-seeking, heavy drinking young adults ages 21 to 25 were randomized to automatic Action Tendency retraining or a control condition (i.e., "sham training"). Of these, 69 (54% male) completed 4 iterations of retraining or the control condition over 5 days with an alcohol drinking session on Day 5. Self-administration was conducted according to a human laboratory paradigm designed to model individual differences in impaired control (i.e., difficulty adhering to limits on alcohol consumption). Results Automatic Action Tendency retraining was not associated with greater reduction in alcohol approach Tendency or less alcohol self-administration than the control condition. The laboratory paradigm was probably sufficiently sensitive to detect an effect of an experimental manipulation given the range of self-administration behavior observed, both in terms of number of alcoholic and nonalcoholic drinks and measures of drinking topography. Conclusions Automatic Action Tendency retraining was ineffective among heavy drinking young adults without motivation to change their drinking. Details of the retraining procedure may have contributed to the lack of a significant effect. Despite null primary findings, the impaired control laboratory paradigm is a valid laboratory-based measure of young adult alcohol consumption that provides the opportunity to observe drinking topography and self-administration of nonalcoholic beverages (i.e., protective behavioral strategies directly related to alcohol use).
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The effect of approach/avoidance training on alcohol consumption is mediated by change in alcohol Action Tendency
PloS one, 2014Co-Authors: Jason M. Sharbanee, Werner G. K. Stritzke, Reinout W. Wiers, Mike Rinck, Colin MacleodAbstract:Training people to respond to alcohol images by making avoidance joystick movements can affect subsequent alcohol consumption, and has shown initial efficacy as a treatment adjunct. However, the mechanisms that underlie the training’s efficacy are unknown. The present study aimed to determine 1) whether the training’s effect is mediated by a change in Action Tendency or a change in selective attention, and 2) whether the training’s effect is moderated by individual differences in working memory capacity (WMC). Three groups of social drinkers (total N = 74) completed either approach-alcohol training, avoid-alcohol training or a sham-training on the Approach-Avoidance Task (AAT). Participants’ WMC was assessed prior to training, while their alcohol-related Action Tendency and selective attention were assessed before and after the training on the recently developed Selective-Attention/Action Tendency Task (SA/ATT), before finally completing an alcohol taste-test. There was no significant main effect of approach/avoidance training on alcohol consumption during the taste-test. However, there was a significant indirect effect of training on alcohol consumption mediated by a change in Action Tendency, but no indirect effect mediated by a change in selective attention. There was inconsistent evidence of WMC moderating training efficacy, with moderation found only for the effect of approach-alcohol training on the AAT but not on the SA/ATT. Thus approach/avoidance training affects alcohol consumption specifically by changing the underlying Action Tendency. Multiple training sessions may be required in order to observe more substantive changes in drinking behaviour.
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the effect of approach avoidance training on alcohol consumption is mediated by change in alcohol Action Tendency
PLOS ONE, 2014Co-Authors: Jason M. Sharbanee, Werner G. K. Stritzke, Reinout W. Wiers, Mike Rinck, Colin MacleodAbstract:Training people to respond to alcohol images by making avoidance joystick movements can affect subsequent alcohol consumption, and has shown initial efficacy as a treatment adjunct. However, the mechanisms that underlie the training’s efficacy are unknown. The present study aimed to determine 1) whether the training’s effect is mediated by a change in Action Tendency or a change in selective attention, and 2) whether the training’s effect is moderated by individual differences in working memory capacity (WMC). Three groups of social drinkers (total N = 74) completed either approach-alcohol training, avoid-alcohol training or a sham-training on the Approach-Avoidance Task (AAT). Participants’ WMC was assessed prior to training, while their alcohol-related Action Tendency and selective attention were assessed before and after the training on the recently developed Selective-Attention/Action Tendency Task (SA/ATT), before finally completing an alcohol taste-test. There was no significant main effect of approach/avoidance training on alcohol consumption during the taste-test. However, there was a significant indirect effect of training on alcohol consumption mediated by a change in Action Tendency, but no indirect effect mediated by a change in selective attention. There was inconsistent evidence of WMC moderating training efficacy, with moderation found only for the effect of approach-alcohol training on the AAT but not on the SA/ATT. Thus approach/avoidance training affects alcohol consumption specifically by changing the underlying Action Tendency. Multiple training sessions may be required in order to observe more substantive changes in drinking behaviour.
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Approach-alcohol Action tendencies can be inhibited by cognitive load
Psychopharmacology, 2013Co-Authors: Jason M. Sharbanee, Werner G. K. Stritzke, M.e. Jamalludin, Reinout W. WiersAbstract:Rationale Dysregulated alcohol consumption has been attributed to an imbalance between an approach-alcohol Action Tendency and executive control processes. However, which specific executive control processes are involved is not known. One candidate executive process is interference suppression, which refers to the suppression of task-irrelevant information through the active maintenance of task-relevant information or a cognitive load.
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Alcohol-related biases in selective attention and Action Tendency make distinct contributions to dysregulated drinking behaviour.
Addiction (Abingdon England), 2013Co-Authors: Jason M. Sharbanee, Werner G. K. Stritzke, Reinout W. Wiers, Colin MacleodAbstract:AIMS: To assess whether alcohol-related biases in selective-attention and Action Tendency uniquely or concurrently predict the ability to regulate alcohol consumption. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: Two groups of undergraduate social drinkers (total n = 55) who differed in their ability to regulate their alcohol consumption completed a novel Selective-Attention/Action-Tendency Task (SA/ATT), which assessed separately alcohol-related biases in selective attention and Action Tendency. SETTING: University of Western Australia, Australia. MEASUREMENT: Dysregulated drinking was operationalized as a self-reported high level of alcohol consumption on the Alcohol Consumption Questionnaire, and a high desire to reduce consumption on the Brief Readiness to Change Algorithm. Selective attention and Action Tendency were assessed using the SA/ATT, working memory was assessed using the operation-span task and participant characteristics were assessed using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale (SOCRATES). FINDINGS: Results indicated that (i) there was no significant association between alcohol-related biases in selective attention and Action Tendency, r = 0.16, P = 0.274, and (ii) biases towards alcohol, in both selective attention, β = 1.01, odds ratio = 2.74, P = 0.022, and Action Tendency, β = 1.24, odds ratio = 3.45, P = 0.015, predicted independent variance in dysregulated-drinker status. CONCLUSION: Biases in selective attention and Action Tendency appear to be distinct mechanisms that contribute independently to difficulty regulating alcohol consumption. Treatment components that could be combined to target both mechanisms could enhance treatment outcomes for alcohol-use disorders.
David Palmer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Action Tendency for learning: Characteristics and antecedents in regular lessons
International Journal of Educational Research, 2017Co-Authors: David PalmerAbstract:Abstract An emotion is often accompanied by an Action Tendency, which is a feeling of wanting to take Action. This study investigated whether students experience an Action Tendency for learning (a feeling of wanting-to-learn). Interviews were carried out with 52 Australian grade 10 students immediately following a regular lesson. Students were asked whether they had experienced a feeling of wanting-to-learn, and if so, to identify its causes and effects. Triangulation was used to establish validity. Students reported a valenced and dynamic Action Tendency for learning, which had occurred during the lesson. Antecedents included, but were not limited to, perceptions of control and value, and their associated achievement emotions. There was a consistently positive relationship between this Action Tendency and learning behaviours.
Kevin Corcoran - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Children's Action Tendency Scale: Is It Reliable and Valid with Latino Youngsters?
Research on Social Work Practice, 1996Co-Authors: Harold E. Briggs, Daniel Tovar, Kevin CorcoranAbstract:The Children's Action Tendency Scale (CATS) is designed to ascertain how a youth will tend to behave in conflict situations. Although the CATS has favorable psychometric properties, it was developed with an Anglo sample. We evaluated the CATS with a sample of Latino youth and obtained similarly positive findings with respect to the instrument's reliability and validity, suggesting that it may be usefully employed in social work practice with Latino sixth and seventh graders.