The Experts below are selected from a list of 141 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Doreen Winstanley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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genomic sequence and biological characterization of a nucleopolyhedrovirus isolated from the summer fruit tortrix Adoxophyes orana
Journal of General Virology, 2008Co-Authors: Sally Hilton, Doreen WinstanleyAbstract:Adoxophyes orana nucleopolyhedrovirus (AdorNPV) was isolated from overwintering larvae from an orchard in the UK. The nucleotide sequence of the AdorNPV DNA genome was determined and analysed. The genome contains 111724 bp and has a G+C content of 35.0 mol%. The analysis predicted 121 ORFs of 150 nt or larger. Of these putative genes, 118 were homologous to genes identified previously in the Adoxophyes honmai nucleopolyhedrovirus (AdhoNPV) genome (83.3–100 % aa identity), and three AdorNPV ORFs were unique. There were four small homologous regions that consisted of a similar core sequence and at the same relative positions in the genome as AdhoNPV, but they differed in the number of repeats and orientation. Some genes that have been reported to have major roles in baculovirus biology were either absent or truncated in the AdorNPV genome. These included chitinase, which is involved in the liquefaction of the host, and the C-terminal of the ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyltransferase (egt) protein, which was truncated by 149 aa compared with AdhoNPV, with essential amino acids absent. The AdorNPV genome encoded two inhibitor of apoptosis (iap) genes compared with three in AdhoNPV and three bro genes compared with four in AdhoNPV. The susceptibility of A. orana larvae to AdorNPV was evaluated in laboratory bioassays using inoculation by microdroplet feeding and applied dose assays. LD50 for neonates was 56 occlusion bodies rising to 2.3×104 for fifth instar larvae. Median survival time values using an LD80 dose were 8.8 days for neonates and 7.0 days for fifth instar larvae.
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The origins of replication of granuloviruses
Archives of Virology, 2008Co-Authors: Sally Hilton, Doreen WinstanleyAbstract:The genomes of eight granuloviruses (GVs), have been analyzed for the presence of homologous regions ( hr s) that may act as origins of replication. Thirteen 74–76-bp palindromes within 11 hr s have previously been identified in the Cydia pomonella GV (CpGV) genome and found to replicate in an infection-dependent DNA replication assay. We report a further palindrome within one of the hr s, which was found to replicate, bringing the total to 14 palindromes. We also report imperfect palindromes, with similar 13-bp end sequences to the CpGV palindromes, within the Adoxophyes orana GV, Cryptophlebia leucotreta GV (CrleGV), Choristoneura occidentalis GV and Phthorimaea operculella GV genomes. No hr s were detected in Agrotis segetum GV, and no additional hr s or palindromes, other than those published, were detected in the Plutella xylostella GV and Xestia c-nigrum GV genomes. Several putative hr s from the GVs were tested for replication in C. pomonella cells using a CpGV-dependent replication assay. Two CrleGV hr s were found to replicate at a low level.
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biological characterization of an english granulovirus from the summer fruit tortrix moth Adoxophyes orana
Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 2008Co-Authors: Sally Hilton, Doreen WinstanleyAbstract:Abstract Adoxophyes orana granulovirus (AdorGV) was isolated from overwintering larvae in an orchard in Kent, in the UK. The developmental time of each A. orana instar was determined by measuring the size of the head capsule. The susceptibility of the larvae to the English isolate of AdorGV was evaluated in laboratory bioassays using inoculation by microdroplet feeding and applied dose assays. A series of bioassays were performed to determine LD 50 and ST 50 values for first, fourth and fifth instar larvae. The median lethal doses ranged from 30 occlusion bodies in first instar to 1.36 × 10 6 in fifth instar. The median survival time decreased the later the larvae were infected and ranged from 37 days in first instar to 24 days in fifth instar. Approximately half of the infected larvae released a discharge rich in occlusion bodies from their posterior end prior to death. Approximately 85% of larvae attempted pupation and died as larva–pupa intermediates.
Sally Hilton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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genomic sequence and biological characterization of a nucleopolyhedrovirus isolated from the summer fruit tortrix Adoxophyes orana
Journal of General Virology, 2008Co-Authors: Sally Hilton, Doreen WinstanleyAbstract:Adoxophyes orana nucleopolyhedrovirus (AdorNPV) was isolated from overwintering larvae from an orchard in the UK. The nucleotide sequence of the AdorNPV DNA genome was determined and analysed. The genome contains 111724 bp and has a G+C content of 35.0 mol%. The analysis predicted 121 ORFs of 150 nt or larger. Of these putative genes, 118 were homologous to genes identified previously in the Adoxophyes honmai nucleopolyhedrovirus (AdhoNPV) genome (83.3–100 % aa identity), and three AdorNPV ORFs were unique. There were four small homologous regions that consisted of a similar core sequence and at the same relative positions in the genome as AdhoNPV, but they differed in the number of repeats and orientation. Some genes that have been reported to have major roles in baculovirus biology were either absent or truncated in the AdorNPV genome. These included chitinase, which is involved in the liquefaction of the host, and the C-terminal of the ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyltransferase (egt) protein, which was truncated by 149 aa compared with AdhoNPV, with essential amino acids absent. The AdorNPV genome encoded two inhibitor of apoptosis (iap) genes compared with three in AdhoNPV and three bro genes compared with four in AdhoNPV. The susceptibility of A. orana larvae to AdorNPV was evaluated in laboratory bioassays using inoculation by microdroplet feeding and applied dose assays. LD50 for neonates was 56 occlusion bodies rising to 2.3×104 for fifth instar larvae. Median survival time values using an LD80 dose were 8.8 days for neonates and 7.0 days for fifth instar larvae.
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The origins of replication of granuloviruses
Archives of Virology, 2008Co-Authors: Sally Hilton, Doreen WinstanleyAbstract:The genomes of eight granuloviruses (GVs), have been analyzed for the presence of homologous regions ( hr s) that may act as origins of replication. Thirteen 74–76-bp palindromes within 11 hr s have previously been identified in the Cydia pomonella GV (CpGV) genome and found to replicate in an infection-dependent DNA replication assay. We report a further palindrome within one of the hr s, which was found to replicate, bringing the total to 14 palindromes. We also report imperfect palindromes, with similar 13-bp end sequences to the CpGV palindromes, within the Adoxophyes orana GV, Cryptophlebia leucotreta GV (CrleGV), Choristoneura occidentalis GV and Phthorimaea operculella GV genomes. No hr s were detected in Agrotis segetum GV, and no additional hr s or palindromes, other than those published, were detected in the Plutella xylostella GV and Xestia c-nigrum GV genomes. Several putative hr s from the GVs were tested for replication in C. pomonella cells using a CpGV-dependent replication assay. Two CrleGV hr s were found to replicate at a low level.
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biological characterization of an english granulovirus from the summer fruit tortrix moth Adoxophyes orana
Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 2008Co-Authors: Sally Hilton, Doreen WinstanleyAbstract:Abstract Adoxophyes orana granulovirus (AdorGV) was isolated from overwintering larvae in an orchard in Kent, in the UK. The developmental time of each A. orana instar was determined by measuring the size of the head capsule. The susceptibility of the larvae to the English isolate of AdorGV was evaluated in laboratory bioassays using inoculation by microdroplet feeding and applied dose assays. A series of bioassays were performed to determine LD 50 and ST 50 values for first, fourth and fifth instar larvae. The median lethal doses ranged from 30 occlusion bodies in first instar to 1.36 × 10 6 in fifth instar. The median survival time decreased the later the larvae were infected and ranged from 37 days in first instar to 24 days in fifth instar. Approximately half of the infected larvae released a discharge rich in occlusion bodies from their posterior end prior to death. Approximately 85% of larvae attempted pupation and died as larva–pupa intermediates.
Naimov Samir - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis (L.) Cry proteins against summer fruit tortrix (Adoxophyes orana - Fischer von Rosslerstamm)
'Elsevier BV', 2016Co-Authors: Radosavljević Jelena, Naimov SamirAbstract:The activity of seven Cry1, one Cry9 and one hybrid Cry1 protoxins against neonate larvae of summer fruit tortrix (Adoxophyes orana - Fischer von Rosslerstamm) has been investigated. Cry1Ia is identified as the most toxic protein, followed by Cry1Aa and Cry1Ac. Cry1Ca, Cry1Cb, Cry1Da and Cry1Fa were less active, while SN19 (Cry1 hybrid protein with domain composition 1Ba/1Ia/1Ba) and Cry9Aa exhibited negligible toxicity against A. orana. In vitro trypsin-activated Cry1Ac is still less active than Cry1Ia pro toxin, suggesting that toxicity of Cry1Ia is most probably due to more complex differences in further downstream processing, toxin-receptor interactions and pore formation in A. orana's midgut epithelium. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.This is peer-reviewed version of the following article: Radosavljevic, J.; Naimov, S. Toxicity of Bacillus Thuringiensis (L.) Cry Proteins against Summer Fruit Tortrix (Adoxophyes orana - Fischer von Rösslerstamm). Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 2016, 138, 63–65. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2016.06.004
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Toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis (L.) Cry proteins against summer fruit tortrix (Adoxophyes orana - Fischer von Rosslerstamm)
Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science San Diego, 2016Co-Authors: Radosavljević Jelena, Naimov SamirAbstract:The activity of seven Cry1, one Cry9 and one hybrid Cry1 protoxins against neonate larvae of summer fruit tortrix (Adoxophyes orana - Fischer von Rosslerstamm) has been investigated. Cry1Ia is identified as the most toxic protein, followed by Cry1Aa and Cry1Ac. Cry1Ca, Cry1Cb, Cry1Da and Cry1Fa were less active, while SN19 (Cry1 hybrid protein with domain composition 1Ba/1Ia/1Ba) and Cry9Aa exhibited negligible toxicity against A. orana. In vitro trypsin-activated Cry1Ac is still less active than Cry1Ia pro toxin, suggesting that toxicity of Cry1Ia is most probably due to more complex differences in further downstream processing, toxin-receptor interactions and pore formation in A. orana's midgut epithelium. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Peer-reviewed manuscript: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3656
Marco Tasin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mating disruption of spilonota ocellana and other apple orchard tortricids using a multispecies reservoir dispenser
Pest Management Science, 2015Co-Authors: Mario Porcel, Patrick Sjoberg, Weronika Swiergiel, Robert Dinwiddie, Birgitta Ramert, Marco TasinAbstract:BACKGROUND A new mating disruption formulation for population control of a wide range of tortricid pests, including Spilonota ocellana, was tested in Swedish apple orchards during 2012–2013. Owing to the characteristics of the local agricultural landscape, mating disruption was evaluated in isolated orchards rather than through an area-wide approach. Parameters such as trap shutdown, communication disruption in field cages, damage level and dispenser emission were measured as efficacy indicators. RESULTS The test formulation reduced the catches in monitoring traps for the entire range of the tested species. In field cages, communication between sexes was disrupted for both Adoxophyes orana and Cydia pomonella. The fruit damage caused by leafrollers (including S. ocellana) was reduced by the treatment. The device showed a constant release of all components for the entire flight activity period of these pests. CONCLUSION Single-orchard experiments showed a significant effect on field populations of the leafroller species complex. While promising, in light of the variability of the result, field scouting may be required to enable practitioners to estimate the density of the pests and avoid possible unexpected attacks. Additional experiments are needed to evaluate the efficacy of the product against C. pomonella. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
J V Cross - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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susceptibility of the summer fruit tortrix moth Adoxophyes orana lepidoptera tortricidae to chlorpyrifos and strategies for insecticidal control in orchards
Annals of Applied Biology, 1997Co-Authors: J V CrossAbstract:Summary The susceptibility of populations of the summer fruit tortrix moth, Adoxophyes orana, from apple orchards in Kent, England, to chlorpyrifos was determined in 1992, 1994 and 1995, by topically dosing larvae feeding on leaves or adults adhered to pheromone trap sticky bases. LD50 values (range 6.3 to 23.2 ng chlorpyrifos per individual) for first or second generation males, second generation females or for first generation fourth instar larvae collected in the field were significantly greater (2–3 fold) for populations from orchards with a long history of treatment with broad-spectrum organophosphorous and other insecticides than for those from untreated orchards (range 1.6 to 8.1 ng chlorpyrifos per individual), though there was considerable variation between sites and years. Twelve replicated orchard experiments between 1993 and 1995 were used to examine a range of different strategies for insecticidal control. Applications of chlorpyrifos against overwintered larvae feeding in trusses in spring gave, at best, a 75% reduction in larval numbers, insufficient to prevent damage by the subsequent generation in summer. However, two applications of fenoxycarb (one immediately pre-and one immediately post-blossom of apple cv. Cox) completely prevented successful subsequent development of the pest, and a single (post-blossom) spray nearly so. The timing of application of chlorpyrifos against first generation larvae hatching from eggs in June was shown to be critical and currently used methods of spray-timing were unreliable. The effective persistence of chlorpyrifos was short (< 7 days). Though good control could be achieved with a single spray, a better strategy was to apply a series of sprays at 7-day intervals to cover the egg hatch period. Sprays of Bacillus thuringiensis at the same timing intervals gave, maximally, an 80% reduction in larval numbers, but usually less: improved control was not achieved by applying a programme of sprays compared to a single spray, though a novel, more potent, formulation was significantly more active. Triazophos was also effective as an egg hatch spray. Sprays of chlorpyrifos or tebufenozide between late September and mid-October 1995 against second or third instar larvae migrating to overwintering sites before diapause, failed to reduce significantly the numbers of subsequent overwintering larvae or the numbers that emerged to feed on blossom trusses in spring.