The Experts below are selected from a list of 231 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Hideharu Numata - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
exhibition of circannual rhythm under constant light in the varied carpet beetle
Biological Rhythm Research, 2010Co-Authors: Yosuke Miyazaki, Hideharu NumataAbstract:The varied carpet beetle Anthrenus verbasci shows a clear circannual Pupation rhythm under light/dark (LD) 12:12. We examined whether this rhythm is exhibited under constant light (LL) of 0.002 Wm−2 and 0.9 Wm−2 intensities. Rhythmic Pupation was not observed when the larvae were continuously maintained under LL. Moreover, the circannual rhythmicity of Pupation was not observed under LL after pre-exposure to LD 12:12 for 2 or 4 weeks but was observed after exposure for 8 weeks. Under LL of both light intensities, as the pre-exposure to LD 12:12 was longer, the first Pupation peaks occurred earlier and almost synchronized with pre-exposure for 8 weeks with the first peak under continuous LD 12:12. However, the transition from LD 12:12 to LL did not reset the phase of this circannual rhythm. Pre-exposure to LD 12:12 probably synchronizes the asynchronous rhythm observed under LL so that a clear circannual Pupation rhythm is exhibited.
-
circannual Pupation rhythm in the varied carpet beetle anthrenus verbasci under different nutrient conditions
Entomological Science, 2009Co-Authors: Yosuke Miyazaki, Tomoyosi Nisimura, Hideharu NumataAbstract:Anthrenus verbasci pupates in spring and the timing of Pupation is controlled by a circannual rhythm. Although A. verbasci is considered to be a univoltine species in Japan, it is assumed that larval development in its natural habitats, including bird nests, varies with nutrient availability, and that the life cycle often takes two or more years to complete. In the present study, larval development and Pupation times were compared under constant and outdoor conditions in larvae provided a diet of either high-nutrient bonito powder or low-nutrient pigeon feathers. Although a circannual Pupation rhythm was observed irrespective of the diet used, larval development was slower on feathers than on bonito powder. The Pupation times on feathers varied over three years or more under both constant and outdoor conditions. Under outdoor conditions, larvae grown on feathers needed three years to approach the weight gained within a year by larvae grown on bonito powder. It is considered that life cycle length in A. verbasci is often two years or more in nutritionally unstable natural habitats, and that this species has probably evolved a circannual rhythm as a seasonal adaptation to nutrient-poor environments.
-
phase responses in the circannual rhythm of the varied carpet beetle anthrenus verbasci under naturally changing day length
Zoological Science, 2006Co-Authors: Yosuke Miyazaki, Tomoyosi Nisimura, Hideharu NumataAbstract:Abstract In the varied carpet beetle, Anthrenus verbasci, we examined the effects on the circannual Pupation rhythm of a short-day or long-day pulse under naturally changing day length at a constant 20°C. A short-day pulse for 4 weeks caused a prominent phase delay or advance under constant long days, but had little or no effect on the phase under naturally changing day length between 4 August and 24 November. A long-day pulse for 4 weeks given under naturally changing day length caused a phase shift in the first Pupation group, as under constant short days. A long-day pulse given on 4 August, 1 September, or 29 September caused a phase delay, and a pulse given on 27 October or 24 November caused a phase advance. Pupation was least synchronous just before the transition from delaying to advancing. However, the magnitude of phase delays was much smaller under natural day length than under short days. In the second Pupation group, larvae pupated at the same time as in the control experiment without a long-d...
-
Circannual control of the life cycle in the Varied Carpet Beetle Anthrenus verbasci
Functional Ecology, 2003Co-Authors: Tomoyosi Nisimura, Hideharu NumataAbstract:Summary 1 Anthrenus verbasci shows a circannual Pupation rhythm, and a transfer from long-day to short-day conditions caused a phase shift. Short-day conditions produced synchronous Pupation, and the critical day-length was between 13 and 14 h, which corresponded to the natural day-length in September. 2 A decrease in temperature does not seem to act as a zeitgeber under natural conditions, because a change from 25 to 20 °C caused no or little phase shift. 3 Under conditions of natural photoperiod and temperature, larvae pupated synchronously in April, although under natural day-length at 20 °C larvae pupated in February. Therefore, a decrease in day-length crossing the critical value in September probably shifts the phase of the circannual rhythm so that the gate to Pupation opens in February, and probably low temperatures in winter suppress Pupation until April. 4 Newly hatching larvae transferred outdoors pupated successfully only when transferred between late April and mid-September, although larvae transferred after mid-July developed into smaller pupae than those transferred earlier. Therefore, synchronous Pupation and emergence in spring are needed to allow larvae of the next generation to grow sufficiently before winter.
Tomoyosi Nisimura - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
circannual Pupation rhythm in the varied carpet beetle anthrenus verbasci under different nutrient conditions
Entomological Science, 2009Co-Authors: Yosuke Miyazaki, Tomoyosi Nisimura, Hideharu NumataAbstract:Anthrenus verbasci pupates in spring and the timing of Pupation is controlled by a circannual rhythm. Although A. verbasci is considered to be a univoltine species in Japan, it is assumed that larval development in its natural habitats, including bird nests, varies with nutrient availability, and that the life cycle often takes two or more years to complete. In the present study, larval development and Pupation times were compared under constant and outdoor conditions in larvae provided a diet of either high-nutrient bonito powder or low-nutrient pigeon feathers. Although a circannual Pupation rhythm was observed irrespective of the diet used, larval development was slower on feathers than on bonito powder. The Pupation times on feathers varied over three years or more under both constant and outdoor conditions. Under outdoor conditions, larvae grown on feathers needed three years to approach the weight gained within a year by larvae grown on bonito powder. It is considered that life cycle length in A. verbasci is often two years or more in nutritionally unstable natural habitats, and that this species has probably evolved a circannual rhythm as a seasonal adaptation to nutrient-poor environments.
-
phase responses in the circannual rhythm of the varied carpet beetle anthrenus verbasci under naturally changing day length
Zoological Science, 2006Co-Authors: Yosuke Miyazaki, Tomoyosi Nisimura, Hideharu NumataAbstract:Abstract In the varied carpet beetle, Anthrenus verbasci, we examined the effects on the circannual Pupation rhythm of a short-day or long-day pulse under naturally changing day length at a constant 20°C. A short-day pulse for 4 weeks caused a prominent phase delay or advance under constant long days, but had little or no effect on the phase under naturally changing day length between 4 August and 24 November. A long-day pulse for 4 weeks given under naturally changing day length caused a phase shift in the first Pupation group, as under constant short days. A long-day pulse given on 4 August, 1 September, or 29 September caused a phase delay, and a pulse given on 27 October or 24 November caused a phase advance. Pupation was least synchronous just before the transition from delaying to advancing. However, the magnitude of phase delays was much smaller under natural day length than under short days. In the second Pupation group, larvae pupated at the same time as in the control experiment without a long-d...
-
Circannual control of the life cycle in the Varied Carpet Beetle Anthrenus verbasci
Functional Ecology, 2003Co-Authors: Tomoyosi Nisimura, Hideharu NumataAbstract:Summary 1 Anthrenus verbasci shows a circannual Pupation rhythm, and a transfer from long-day to short-day conditions caused a phase shift. Short-day conditions produced synchronous Pupation, and the critical day-length was between 13 and 14 h, which corresponded to the natural day-length in September. 2 A decrease in temperature does not seem to act as a zeitgeber under natural conditions, because a change from 25 to 20 °C caused no or little phase shift. 3 Under conditions of natural photoperiod and temperature, larvae pupated synchronously in April, although under natural day-length at 20 °C larvae pupated in February. Therefore, a decrease in day-length crossing the critical value in September probably shifts the phase of the circannual rhythm so that the gate to Pupation opens in February, and probably low temperatures in winter suppress Pupation until April. 4 Newly hatching larvae transferred outdoors pupated successfully only when transferred between late April and mid-September, although larvae transferred after mid-July developed into smaller pupae than those transferred earlier. Therefore, synchronous Pupation and emergence in spring are needed to allow larvae of the next generation to grow sufficiently before winter.
Guy Smagghe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
identification and profiling of bactrocera dorsalis micrornas and their potential roles in regulating the developmental transitions of egg hatching molting Pupation and adult eclosion
Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2020Co-Authors: Qiang Zhang, Guy Smagghe, Wei Dou, Zhonghao Song, Tongjun Jin, Guorui Yuan, Kristof De Schutter, Jinjun WangAbstract:Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small noncoding RNAs (18–25 nt) that are involved in many physiological processes including development, cancer, immunity, apoptosis and host-microbe interactions through post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. In this study, we measured the profile of small RNAs over the developmental transitions of the oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis from egg hatching, molting, and Pupation to adult eclosion. We identified 250 miRNAs, including 83 known and 167 novel miRNAs, and 47 isomiRNAs. In addition, we identified the miRNAs differentially expressed over the developmental transitions. Interestingly, the miR-309 cluster, the miR-2 cluster/family and the let-7 cluster were among these differentially expressed miRNAs, suggesting a role in the regulation of egg hatching, molting and Pupation/adult eclosion, respectively. Moreover, a detailed analysis of the temporal expression patterns of 14 highly expressed miRNAs in the pupal stage revealed three types of expression profiles. Furthermore, injection of a miR-100 mimic in the 3rd instar larvae resulted in a significant decrease in Pupation and adult eclosion rates, whereas injection of a miR-317 antagomir resulted in a significant decrease in the Pupation rate and a decrease in the Pupation time, indicating that miR-100 and miR-317 are involved in the process of Pupation. Finally, injection of a miR-100/miR-285 mimic or antagomir in pupae resulted in a significant decrease in the eclosion rate and a significant increase in the prevalence of a partial eclosion phenotype, implying the involvement of miR-100 and miR-285 in the process of adult eclosion. This study identified critical miRNAs involved in the transitions of this important holometabolic model and pest insect B. dorsalis from egg hatching to adult eclosion, thus providing a useful resource for exploring the regulatory role of miRNAs during insect post-embryonic development.
-
Effect of soil moisture on Pupation behavior and inhabitation of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Applied Entomology and Zoology, 2020Co-Authors: Yan Shi, Sohaib Shahid, Guy Smagghe, Tong-xian LiuAbstract:The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a persistent agricultural pest in many areas of the world, and it successfully invaded China in 2019. Like many lepidopteran insects, S. frugiperda pupates live in soil for protection under harsh environmental conditions. We conducted a serial experiment to understand the Pupation behavior of S. frugiperda, as well as the effect of soil moisture on Pupation. A digital video camera system was used to monitor larval Pupation behavior of S. frugiperda. Four different soil moisture choices (5, 25, 50, and 80%) were used to determine the Pupation location and behavior of S. frugiperda under laboratory conditions. The four-choice tests showed that most of the larvae prefer to pupate at 25–50% in saturated soil, and other few larvae burrow and pupate under dry (5%) or wet (80%) soils. In the no-choice tests, S. frugiperda larvae did not prefer the wet soil (80%) to pupate. However, soil moisture did not significantly affect the emergence rates. This study helps to increase the knowledge on Pupation ecology of S. frugiperda and implies management strategies for this destructive pest.
Ullasa Kodandaramaiah - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Partially coupled reaction norms of pupal colour and spot size in a butterfly
Evolutionary Ecology, 2021Co-Authors: Harshad Vijay Mayekar, Ullasa KodandaramaiahAbstract:Many species cope with heterogeneous environments through adaptive phenotypic plasticity, and plasticity of body colour is a widely used means of minimizing predation risk. Pupal colour in many butterflies is a plastic trait sensitive to Pupation substrate, with green and brown pupae primarily formed on leaf and off-leaf substrates respectively. This is thought to be an example of adaptive phenotypic plasticity because the green and brown pupae are better camouflaged against their respective backgrounds. We tested whether pupal ‘spots’—paired circular markings on the anterior abdominal pupal segments of many butterflies—are also phenotypically plastic. Using experiments on the tropical satyrine butterfly Mycalesis mineus , we confirm that pupal spot size is plastic. Because it is known that Pupation substrate influences pupal colour in this species, we tested whether substrate also influences pupal spot size. Further, we explored whether there was a correlation between pupal colour and spot size. We tested the effects of Pupation substrate and pupal colour on both absolute spot size and spot size relative to body size. Pupal spot size (absolute and relative) was correlated with both pupal colour and Pupation substrate. Brown pupae had larger spots, and green pupae formed off-leaf had intermediate sized spots compared to green pupae formed on leaves and brown pupae, the latter of which always formed off-leaf. Thus, the reaction norm of pupal spot size is partially coupled with both pupal colour and Pupation substrate in this species. Since Pupation substrate in turn influences pupal colour, the correlated traits of pupal colour and pupal spot could comprise a single functional suite, suggesting a developmental link. We speculate that pupal spots may function against predation, but further studies are needed to understand their possible adaptive significance.
Yosuke Miyazaki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
exhibition of circannual rhythm under constant light in the varied carpet beetle
Biological Rhythm Research, 2010Co-Authors: Yosuke Miyazaki, Hideharu NumataAbstract:The varied carpet beetle Anthrenus verbasci shows a clear circannual Pupation rhythm under light/dark (LD) 12:12. We examined whether this rhythm is exhibited under constant light (LL) of 0.002 Wm−2 and 0.9 Wm−2 intensities. Rhythmic Pupation was not observed when the larvae were continuously maintained under LL. Moreover, the circannual rhythmicity of Pupation was not observed under LL after pre-exposure to LD 12:12 for 2 or 4 weeks but was observed after exposure for 8 weeks. Under LL of both light intensities, as the pre-exposure to LD 12:12 was longer, the first Pupation peaks occurred earlier and almost synchronized with pre-exposure for 8 weeks with the first peak under continuous LD 12:12. However, the transition from LD 12:12 to LL did not reset the phase of this circannual rhythm. Pre-exposure to LD 12:12 probably synchronizes the asynchronous rhythm observed under LL so that a clear circannual Pupation rhythm is exhibited.
-
circannual Pupation rhythm in the varied carpet beetle anthrenus verbasci under different nutrient conditions
Entomological Science, 2009Co-Authors: Yosuke Miyazaki, Tomoyosi Nisimura, Hideharu NumataAbstract:Anthrenus verbasci pupates in spring and the timing of Pupation is controlled by a circannual rhythm. Although A. verbasci is considered to be a univoltine species in Japan, it is assumed that larval development in its natural habitats, including bird nests, varies with nutrient availability, and that the life cycle often takes two or more years to complete. In the present study, larval development and Pupation times were compared under constant and outdoor conditions in larvae provided a diet of either high-nutrient bonito powder or low-nutrient pigeon feathers. Although a circannual Pupation rhythm was observed irrespective of the diet used, larval development was slower on feathers than on bonito powder. The Pupation times on feathers varied over three years or more under both constant and outdoor conditions. Under outdoor conditions, larvae grown on feathers needed three years to approach the weight gained within a year by larvae grown on bonito powder. It is considered that life cycle length in A. verbasci is often two years or more in nutritionally unstable natural habitats, and that this species has probably evolved a circannual rhythm as a seasonal adaptation to nutrient-poor environments.
-
phase responses in the circannual rhythm of the varied carpet beetle anthrenus verbasci under naturally changing day length
Zoological Science, 2006Co-Authors: Yosuke Miyazaki, Tomoyosi Nisimura, Hideharu NumataAbstract:Abstract In the varied carpet beetle, Anthrenus verbasci, we examined the effects on the circannual Pupation rhythm of a short-day or long-day pulse under naturally changing day length at a constant 20°C. A short-day pulse for 4 weeks caused a prominent phase delay or advance under constant long days, but had little or no effect on the phase under naturally changing day length between 4 August and 24 November. A long-day pulse for 4 weeks given under naturally changing day length caused a phase shift in the first Pupation group, as under constant short days. A long-day pulse given on 4 August, 1 September, or 29 September caused a phase delay, and a pulse given on 27 October or 24 November caused a phase advance. Pupation was least synchronous just before the transition from delaying to advancing. However, the magnitude of phase delays was much smaller under natural day length than under short days. In the second Pupation group, larvae pupated at the same time as in the control experiment without a long-d...
