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A Artegiani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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climatological biogeochemical characteristics of the Adriatic Sea
Journal of Marine Systems, 1998Co-Authors: Marco Zavatarelli, F Raicich, D Bregant, Aniello Russo, A ArtegianiAbstract:Abstract A biogeochemical historical data set relative to the Adriatic Sea is analysed to deduce the climatological characteristics of biogeochemical properties (dissolved oxygen, AOU, nitrate, phosphate, silicate and chlorophyll-a) on a Seasonal basis. The Adriatic Sea is divided into four regions, the northern Adriatic, in which a region shallower than 40 m and a region deeper than 40 m are distinguished, the middle Adriatic and the southern Adriatic. The basin exhibits a generally decreasing trend of nutrient concentrations from North to South, due to the nutrient input by rivers, occurring particularly in the northern Adriatic, enabling intense phytoplankton developments in winter and autumn. In the northern basin the dominant cyclonic circulation determines a southward nutrient flow along the western coast; however, the resulting horizontal nutrients distribution can be strongly affected by phytoplankton uptake, as in the case of the winter bloom. Strong bacterial regeneration of the organic matter occurs in spring–summer, with a sensible oxygen depletion and nutrient increase at depth. In the middle Adriatic the phytoplankton biomass is much lower than in the northern Adriatic, but its role in controlling the nutrients distribution is relatively more important, because of the reduced influence of river input. In the southern Adriatic the Modified Levantine Intermediate Water (MLIW) is characterized by high nitrate concentrations. However, a detailed picture of the southern basin is prevented by the lack of data. As a tentative result, the analysis of the Redfield ratios seems to confirm that, generally, the Adriatic Sea is a phosphorus limited basin, but also seems to indicate that the surface water in the middle and, particularly, the southern Adriatic might be characterized by nitrogen limitation.
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the Adriatic Sea general circulation part ii baroclinic circulation structure
Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1997Co-Authors: A Artegiani, F Raicich, D Bregant, Aniello Russo, Elio Paschini, Nadia PinardiAbstract:Abstract In the second part of the paper dedicated to the Adriatic Sea general circulation, the horizontal structure of the hydrographic parameters and dissolved oxygen fields is described on a Seasonal timescale. Maps of temperature and salinity climatological fields reveal the enhanced Seasonal variability of the Adriatic Sea, which at the surface is associated with the major dilution effects of river runoff. The density and derived dynamic height fields show for the first time the baroclinic geostrophic structure of the general circulation. Winter is dominated by compensation effects between temperature and salinity fronts along the western coastline. The resulting baroclinic circulation is weak and suggests the presence of barotropic current components not accessible by the dataset. Spring and summer Seasons have the smallest spatial scales in the temperature and salinity fields and stronger subbasin-scale gyres and current systems, which have been classified in a schematic representation of the circu...
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the Adriatic Sea general circulation part i air Sea interactions and water mass structure
Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1997Co-Authors: A Artegiani, F Raicich, D Bregant, Aniello Russo, Elio Paschini, Nadia PinardiAbstract:Abstract A comprehensive historical hydrographic dataset for the overall Adriatic Sea basin is analyzed in order to define the open ocean Seasonal climatology of the basin. The authors also define the regional climatological Seasons computing the average monthly values of heat fluxes and heat storage from a variety of atmospheric datasets. The long term mean surface heat balance corresponds to a heat loss of 19–22 W m−2. Thus, in steady state, the Adriatic should import about the same amount of heat from the northern Ionian Sea through the Otranto Channel. The freshwater balance of the Adriatic Sea is defined by computing the average monthly values of evaporation, precipitation, and river runoff, obtaining an annual average gain of 1.14 m. The distribution of heat marks the difference between eastern and western Adriatic areas, showing the winter heat losses in different parts of the basin. Climatological water masses are defined for three regions of the Adriatic: (i) the northern Adriatic where Seasonal ...
Nadia Pinardi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the Adriatic Sea modelling system a nested approach
Annales Geophysicae, 2003Co-Authors: Marco Zavatarelli, Nadia PinardiAbstract:A modelling system for the Adriatic Sea has been built within the framework of the Mediterranean Forecast- ing System Pilot Project. The modelling system consists of a hierarchy of three numerical models (whole Mediter- ranean Sea, whole Adriatic Sea, Northern Adriatic Basin) coupled among each other by simple one-way, off-line nest- ing techniques, to downscale the larger scale flow field to highly resolved coastal scale fields. Numerical simulations have been carried out under climatological surface forc- ing. Simulations were aimed to assess the effectiveness of the nesting techniques and the skill of the system to repro- duce known features of the Adriatic Sea circulation phe- nomenology (main circulation features, dense water forma- tion, flow at the Otranto Strait and coastal circulation char- acteristics over the northern Adriatic shelf), in view of the pre-operational use of the modelling system. This paper de- scribes the modelling system setup, and discusses the simula- tion results for the whole Adriatic Sea and its northern basin, comparing the simulations with the observed climatological circulation characteristics. Results obtained with the north- ern Adriatic model are also compared with the correspond- ing simulations obtained with the coarser resolution Adriatic model. Its morphology and the characteristics of the forcing func- tions acting on the basin determine several notable differ- ences with respect to the whole Mediterranean basin. While the Mediterranean Sea is almost everywhere characterized by a reduced extension of the continental shelf, the northern part of the Adriatic basin lies entirely on the shelf and is charac- terized by very shallow depths (35 m on the average). In the central part depths are gently increasing to 100 m, and the distinctive morphological features are two small bottom de- pressions (the so-called "Pomo" or "Jabuka" Pits) having a maximum depth of 250 m. The southern part of the basin contrasts markedly with the northern one, as depths rapidly increase to maximum values of about 1200 m. The connec- tion with the Ionian Sea in the Otranto Strait is characterized by a sill having a depth of 875 m. The surface heat exchange between the Sea and the atmo- sphere determines a net heat loss, estimated by Artegiani et al. (1997a) and Maggiore et al. (1998) on an annual basis at -22 W/m 2 . Monthly values ranges between -250 (winter) and 200 (summer) W/m 2 . The Adriatic Sea has, therefore, a negative heat budget, a characteristic consistent with the whole Mediterranean Sea. On the contrary, the fresh water budget differs strongly from the overall Mediterranean Sea budget. In fact, the Adri- atic Sea shows a significant net fresh water gain, while the whole Mediterranean basin is characterized by a net fresh water loss. Raicich (1996) has estimated the net annual fresh water gain of the Adriatic Sea to be greater than 1 m, mostly determined by the strong river runoff contribution, since evaporation and precipitation almost cancel each other on an annual basis. The climatology of the river runoff into the Adriatic Sea, compiled by Raicich (1994), is shown in Table 1. It indicates that most of the runoff is concentrated in the northern Adriatic Sea, but there are significant contri- butions also in the southern basin due to the rivers located along the Albanian coast, north of the Otranto Strait. The major river discharging in the basin is the Po, with an annu-
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the Adriatic Sea general circulation part ii baroclinic circulation structure
Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1997Co-Authors: A Artegiani, F Raicich, D Bregant, Aniello Russo, Elio Paschini, Nadia PinardiAbstract:Abstract In the second part of the paper dedicated to the Adriatic Sea general circulation, the horizontal structure of the hydrographic parameters and dissolved oxygen fields is described on a Seasonal timescale. Maps of temperature and salinity climatological fields reveal the enhanced Seasonal variability of the Adriatic Sea, which at the surface is associated with the major dilution effects of river runoff. The density and derived dynamic height fields show for the first time the baroclinic geostrophic structure of the general circulation. Winter is dominated by compensation effects between temperature and salinity fronts along the western coastline. The resulting baroclinic circulation is weak and suggests the presence of barotropic current components not accessible by the dataset. Spring and summer Seasons have the smallest spatial scales in the temperature and salinity fields and stronger subbasin-scale gyres and current systems, which have been classified in a schematic representation of the circu...
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the Adriatic Sea general circulation part i air Sea interactions and water mass structure
Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1997Co-Authors: A Artegiani, F Raicich, D Bregant, Aniello Russo, Elio Paschini, Nadia PinardiAbstract:Abstract A comprehensive historical hydrographic dataset for the overall Adriatic Sea basin is analyzed in order to define the open ocean Seasonal climatology of the basin. The authors also define the regional climatological Seasons computing the average monthly values of heat fluxes and heat storage from a variety of atmospheric datasets. The long term mean surface heat balance corresponds to a heat loss of 19–22 W m−2. Thus, in steady state, the Adriatic should import about the same amount of heat from the northern Ionian Sea through the Otranto Channel. The freshwater balance of the Adriatic Sea is defined by computing the average monthly values of evaporation, precipitation, and river runoff, obtaining an annual average gain of 1.14 m. The distribution of heat marks the difference between eastern and western Adriatic areas, showing the winter heat losses in different parts of the basin. Climatological water masses are defined for three regions of the Adriatic: (i) the northern Adriatic where Seasonal ...
F Raicich - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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climatological biogeochemical characteristics of the Adriatic Sea
Journal of Marine Systems, 1998Co-Authors: Marco Zavatarelli, F Raicich, D Bregant, Aniello Russo, A ArtegianiAbstract:Abstract A biogeochemical historical data set relative to the Adriatic Sea is analysed to deduce the climatological characteristics of biogeochemical properties (dissolved oxygen, AOU, nitrate, phosphate, silicate and chlorophyll-a) on a Seasonal basis. The Adriatic Sea is divided into four regions, the northern Adriatic, in which a region shallower than 40 m and a region deeper than 40 m are distinguished, the middle Adriatic and the southern Adriatic. The basin exhibits a generally decreasing trend of nutrient concentrations from North to South, due to the nutrient input by rivers, occurring particularly in the northern Adriatic, enabling intense phytoplankton developments in winter and autumn. In the northern basin the dominant cyclonic circulation determines a southward nutrient flow along the western coast; however, the resulting horizontal nutrients distribution can be strongly affected by phytoplankton uptake, as in the case of the winter bloom. Strong bacterial regeneration of the organic matter occurs in spring–summer, with a sensible oxygen depletion and nutrient increase at depth. In the middle Adriatic the phytoplankton biomass is much lower than in the northern Adriatic, but its role in controlling the nutrients distribution is relatively more important, because of the reduced influence of river input. In the southern Adriatic the Modified Levantine Intermediate Water (MLIW) is characterized by high nitrate concentrations. However, a detailed picture of the southern basin is prevented by the lack of data. As a tentative result, the analysis of the Redfield ratios seems to confirm that, generally, the Adriatic Sea is a phosphorus limited basin, but also seems to indicate that the surface water in the middle and, particularly, the southern Adriatic might be characterized by nitrogen limitation.
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the Adriatic Sea general circulation part ii baroclinic circulation structure
Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1997Co-Authors: A Artegiani, F Raicich, D Bregant, Aniello Russo, Elio Paschini, Nadia PinardiAbstract:Abstract In the second part of the paper dedicated to the Adriatic Sea general circulation, the horizontal structure of the hydrographic parameters and dissolved oxygen fields is described on a Seasonal timescale. Maps of temperature and salinity climatological fields reveal the enhanced Seasonal variability of the Adriatic Sea, which at the surface is associated with the major dilution effects of river runoff. The density and derived dynamic height fields show for the first time the baroclinic geostrophic structure of the general circulation. Winter is dominated by compensation effects between temperature and salinity fronts along the western coastline. The resulting baroclinic circulation is weak and suggests the presence of barotropic current components not accessible by the dataset. Spring and summer Seasons have the smallest spatial scales in the temperature and salinity fields and stronger subbasin-scale gyres and current systems, which have been classified in a schematic representation of the circu...
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the Adriatic Sea general circulation part i air Sea interactions and water mass structure
Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1997Co-Authors: A Artegiani, F Raicich, D Bregant, Aniello Russo, Elio Paschini, Nadia PinardiAbstract:Abstract A comprehensive historical hydrographic dataset for the overall Adriatic Sea basin is analyzed in order to define the open ocean Seasonal climatology of the basin. The authors also define the regional climatological Seasons computing the average monthly values of heat fluxes and heat storage from a variety of atmospheric datasets. The long term mean surface heat balance corresponds to a heat loss of 19–22 W m−2. Thus, in steady state, the Adriatic should import about the same amount of heat from the northern Ionian Sea through the Otranto Channel. The freshwater balance of the Adriatic Sea is defined by computing the average monthly values of evaporation, precipitation, and river runoff, obtaining an annual average gain of 1.14 m. The distribution of heat marks the difference between eastern and western Adriatic areas, showing the winter heat losses in different parts of the basin. Climatological water masses are defined for three regions of the Adriatic: (i) the northern Adriatic where Seasonal ...
D Bregant - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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climatological biogeochemical characteristics of the Adriatic Sea
Journal of Marine Systems, 1998Co-Authors: Marco Zavatarelli, F Raicich, D Bregant, Aniello Russo, A ArtegianiAbstract:Abstract A biogeochemical historical data set relative to the Adriatic Sea is analysed to deduce the climatological characteristics of biogeochemical properties (dissolved oxygen, AOU, nitrate, phosphate, silicate and chlorophyll-a) on a Seasonal basis. The Adriatic Sea is divided into four regions, the northern Adriatic, in which a region shallower than 40 m and a region deeper than 40 m are distinguished, the middle Adriatic and the southern Adriatic. The basin exhibits a generally decreasing trend of nutrient concentrations from North to South, due to the nutrient input by rivers, occurring particularly in the northern Adriatic, enabling intense phytoplankton developments in winter and autumn. In the northern basin the dominant cyclonic circulation determines a southward nutrient flow along the western coast; however, the resulting horizontal nutrients distribution can be strongly affected by phytoplankton uptake, as in the case of the winter bloom. Strong bacterial regeneration of the organic matter occurs in spring–summer, with a sensible oxygen depletion and nutrient increase at depth. In the middle Adriatic the phytoplankton biomass is much lower than in the northern Adriatic, but its role in controlling the nutrients distribution is relatively more important, because of the reduced influence of river input. In the southern Adriatic the Modified Levantine Intermediate Water (MLIW) is characterized by high nitrate concentrations. However, a detailed picture of the southern basin is prevented by the lack of data. As a tentative result, the analysis of the Redfield ratios seems to confirm that, generally, the Adriatic Sea is a phosphorus limited basin, but also seems to indicate that the surface water in the middle and, particularly, the southern Adriatic might be characterized by nitrogen limitation.
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the Adriatic Sea general circulation part ii baroclinic circulation structure
Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1997Co-Authors: A Artegiani, F Raicich, D Bregant, Aniello Russo, Elio Paschini, Nadia PinardiAbstract:Abstract In the second part of the paper dedicated to the Adriatic Sea general circulation, the horizontal structure of the hydrographic parameters and dissolved oxygen fields is described on a Seasonal timescale. Maps of temperature and salinity climatological fields reveal the enhanced Seasonal variability of the Adriatic Sea, which at the surface is associated with the major dilution effects of river runoff. The density and derived dynamic height fields show for the first time the baroclinic geostrophic structure of the general circulation. Winter is dominated by compensation effects between temperature and salinity fronts along the western coastline. The resulting baroclinic circulation is weak and suggests the presence of barotropic current components not accessible by the dataset. Spring and summer Seasons have the smallest spatial scales in the temperature and salinity fields and stronger subbasin-scale gyres and current systems, which have been classified in a schematic representation of the circu...
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the Adriatic Sea general circulation part i air Sea interactions and water mass structure
Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1997Co-Authors: A Artegiani, F Raicich, D Bregant, Aniello Russo, Elio Paschini, Nadia PinardiAbstract:Abstract A comprehensive historical hydrographic dataset for the overall Adriatic Sea basin is analyzed in order to define the open ocean Seasonal climatology of the basin. The authors also define the regional climatological Seasons computing the average monthly values of heat fluxes and heat storage from a variety of atmospheric datasets. The long term mean surface heat balance corresponds to a heat loss of 19–22 W m−2. Thus, in steady state, the Adriatic should import about the same amount of heat from the northern Ionian Sea through the Otranto Channel. The freshwater balance of the Adriatic Sea is defined by computing the average monthly values of evaporation, precipitation, and river runoff, obtaining an annual average gain of 1.14 m. The distribution of heat marks the difference between eastern and western Adriatic areas, showing the winter heat losses in different parts of the basin. Climatological water masses are defined for three regions of the Adriatic: (i) the northern Adriatic where Seasonal ...
Aniello Russo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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climatological biogeochemical characteristics of the Adriatic Sea
Journal of Marine Systems, 1998Co-Authors: Marco Zavatarelli, F Raicich, D Bregant, Aniello Russo, A ArtegianiAbstract:Abstract A biogeochemical historical data set relative to the Adriatic Sea is analysed to deduce the climatological characteristics of biogeochemical properties (dissolved oxygen, AOU, nitrate, phosphate, silicate and chlorophyll-a) on a Seasonal basis. The Adriatic Sea is divided into four regions, the northern Adriatic, in which a region shallower than 40 m and a region deeper than 40 m are distinguished, the middle Adriatic and the southern Adriatic. The basin exhibits a generally decreasing trend of nutrient concentrations from North to South, due to the nutrient input by rivers, occurring particularly in the northern Adriatic, enabling intense phytoplankton developments in winter and autumn. In the northern basin the dominant cyclonic circulation determines a southward nutrient flow along the western coast; however, the resulting horizontal nutrients distribution can be strongly affected by phytoplankton uptake, as in the case of the winter bloom. Strong bacterial regeneration of the organic matter occurs in spring–summer, with a sensible oxygen depletion and nutrient increase at depth. In the middle Adriatic the phytoplankton biomass is much lower than in the northern Adriatic, but its role in controlling the nutrients distribution is relatively more important, because of the reduced influence of river input. In the southern Adriatic the Modified Levantine Intermediate Water (MLIW) is characterized by high nitrate concentrations. However, a detailed picture of the southern basin is prevented by the lack of data. As a tentative result, the analysis of the Redfield ratios seems to confirm that, generally, the Adriatic Sea is a phosphorus limited basin, but also seems to indicate that the surface water in the middle and, particularly, the southern Adriatic might be characterized by nitrogen limitation.
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the Adriatic Sea general circulation part ii baroclinic circulation structure
Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1997Co-Authors: A Artegiani, F Raicich, D Bregant, Aniello Russo, Elio Paschini, Nadia PinardiAbstract:Abstract In the second part of the paper dedicated to the Adriatic Sea general circulation, the horizontal structure of the hydrographic parameters and dissolved oxygen fields is described on a Seasonal timescale. Maps of temperature and salinity climatological fields reveal the enhanced Seasonal variability of the Adriatic Sea, which at the surface is associated with the major dilution effects of river runoff. The density and derived dynamic height fields show for the first time the baroclinic geostrophic structure of the general circulation. Winter is dominated by compensation effects between temperature and salinity fronts along the western coastline. The resulting baroclinic circulation is weak and suggests the presence of barotropic current components not accessible by the dataset. Spring and summer Seasons have the smallest spatial scales in the temperature and salinity fields and stronger subbasin-scale gyres and current systems, which have been classified in a schematic representation of the circu...
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the Adriatic Sea general circulation part i air Sea interactions and water mass structure
Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1997Co-Authors: A Artegiani, F Raicich, D Bregant, Aniello Russo, Elio Paschini, Nadia PinardiAbstract:Abstract A comprehensive historical hydrographic dataset for the overall Adriatic Sea basin is analyzed in order to define the open ocean Seasonal climatology of the basin. The authors also define the regional climatological Seasons computing the average monthly values of heat fluxes and heat storage from a variety of atmospheric datasets. The long term mean surface heat balance corresponds to a heat loss of 19–22 W m−2. Thus, in steady state, the Adriatic should import about the same amount of heat from the northern Ionian Sea through the Otranto Channel. The freshwater balance of the Adriatic Sea is defined by computing the average monthly values of evaporation, precipitation, and river runoff, obtaining an annual average gain of 1.14 m. The distribution of heat marks the difference between eastern and western Adriatic areas, showing the winter heat losses in different parts of the basin. Climatological water masses are defined for three regions of the Adriatic: (i) the northern Adriatic where Seasonal ...