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Anjan Chatterjee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the Schematic Representation of spatial relations evidence from group and single case lesion studies
Cognitive Science, 2011Co-Authors: Alexander Kranjec, Prin X Amorapanth, Anjan ChatterjeeAbstract:The Schematic Representation of Spatial Relations: Evidence from Group and Single-Case Lesion Studies Alexander Kranjec (akranjec@mail.med.upenn.edu) Neurology Department, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA Prin Amorapanth (amorapan@mail.med.upenn.edu) Neurology Department, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA Anjan Chatterjee (anjan@mail.med.upenn.edu) Neurology Department, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA Abstract transactions or seasonal events for example—before the advent of full-blown symbolic writing systems (Tversky, 2001). What maps, pictograms and calendars have in common is that each compacts a more complex reality into a simplified, or “boiled down” Representation that preserves something about the meaning of the thing is represents. Most generally, the term schema is used in this paper as any kind of Representation (external or cognitive) where some level of perceptual detail has been abstracted away from a complex scene or event while preserving critical aspects of its analog qualities. Schemas, as such, occupy a Representational middle-ground: more abstract than very concrete Representations of objects, but unlike truly symbolic Representations, like words, a schema preserves some of the spatial relational aspects of the thing it stands in for. The most critical aspect of schemas, as the term will be employed in the present paper, is that they occupy a theoretically intermediate position between abstract words and concrete percepts in a graded model of Representation (A Chatterjee, 2001; A. Chatterjee, 2010; Kranjec & Chatterjee, 2010). Although dissociations on concrete word and picture comprehension tasks have been reported (Saffran, Coslett, Martin, & Boronat, 2003) intermediate formats like schemas have not been thoroughly investigated. We are interested in understanding whether the brain distinguishes between paired-down, externalized depictions of spatial schemas from other information formats like words and pictures. Perhaps because schemas are simple and ubiquitous, they are easy to take for granted. We commonly use such external, or explicit schemas when we find the appropriate restroom, read a map, obey traffic signs or interpret graphs and diagrams. What makes schemas so simple to use is also what makes them so common across cultures, contexts and academic disciplines. When people produce or use Schematic figures in an explicit manner, a small set of basic spatial forms provides enough structure to convey discrete meanings. Configurations of circles and lines in space can describe complex relations among a wide array of concrete To what extent are Schematic Representations neurally distinguished from language on the one hand, and from rich perceptual Representations on the other? In a group lesion study, matching tasks depicting categorical spatial relations were used to probe for the comprehension of basic spatial concepts across distinct Representational formats (words, pictures, schemas). Focused residual analyses using voxel- based lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM) suggest that left hemisphere deficits in categorical spatial Representation are difficult to distinguish from deficits in naming such relations, and that the right hemisphere plays a special role in extracting Schematic Representations from richly textured pictures. EE555, a patient with simultagnosia, performed six similar matching tasks. On the only two tasks that did not include matching to, or from, schemas, EE555 performed at chance levels. EE555 was significantly better on schema tasks, indicating that abstract analog Representations make spatial relations visible in a manner that symbols and complex images do not. Keywords: schemas; spatial relations; vlsm; case studies Introduction Can abstract meaning be represented without language? Although it is clear that we can think about concrete concepts without language, it is difficult to know how to best characterize mental Representations of abstract concepts that are both meaningful and non-linguistic. A place to start could involve observing how abstract semantic information is intentionally transmitted without either the aid of words or rich imagery. Abstract graphics have been used to convey such meanings long before humans kept formal history. Map-like cave drawings, rendered over 6,000 years ago, appear to make use of simplified visual elements like dots, lines and rectangles to represent the abstract spatial topologies and arrangements of dwellings, paths or crops (Chippindale & Nash, 2004; Smith, 1982). Pictograms and calendars were used for communicating important, highly abstract forms of cultural information—about commercial
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CogSci - The Schematic Representation of Spatial Relations: Evidence from Group and Single-Case Lesion Studies
Cognitive Science, 2011Co-Authors: Alexander Kranjec, X. Amorapanth, Anjan ChatterjeeAbstract:The Schematic Representation of Spatial Relations: Evidence from Group and Single-Case Lesion Studies Alexander Kranjec (akranjec@mail.med.upenn.edu) Neurology Department, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA Prin Amorapanth (amorapan@mail.med.upenn.edu) Neurology Department, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA Anjan Chatterjee (anjan@mail.med.upenn.edu) Neurology Department, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA Abstract transactions or seasonal events for example—before the advent of full-blown symbolic writing systems (Tversky, 2001). What maps, pictograms and calendars have in common is that each compacts a more complex reality into a simplified, or “boiled down” Representation that preserves something about the meaning of the thing is represents. Most generally, the term schema is used in this paper as any kind of Representation (external or cognitive) where some level of perceptual detail has been abstracted away from a complex scene or event while preserving critical aspects of its analog qualities. Schemas, as such, occupy a Representational middle-ground: more abstract than very concrete Representations of objects, but unlike truly symbolic Representations, like words, a schema preserves some of the spatial relational aspects of the thing it stands in for. The most critical aspect of schemas, as the term will be employed in the present paper, is that they occupy a theoretically intermediate position between abstract words and concrete percepts in a graded model of Representation (A Chatterjee, 2001; A. Chatterjee, 2010; Kranjec & Chatterjee, 2010). Although dissociations on concrete word and picture comprehension tasks have been reported (Saffran, Coslett, Martin, & Boronat, 2003) intermediate formats like schemas have not been thoroughly investigated. We are interested in understanding whether the brain distinguishes between paired-down, externalized depictions of spatial schemas from other information formats like words and pictures. Perhaps because schemas are simple and ubiquitous, they are easy to take for granted. We commonly use such external, or explicit schemas when we find the appropriate restroom, read a map, obey traffic signs or interpret graphs and diagrams. What makes schemas so simple to use is also what makes them so common across cultures, contexts and academic disciplines. When people produce or use Schematic figures in an explicit manner, a small set of basic spatial forms provides enough structure to convey discrete meanings. Configurations of circles and lines in space can describe complex relations among a wide array of concrete To what extent are Schematic Representations neurally distinguished from language on the one hand, and from rich perceptual Representations on the other? In a group lesion study, matching tasks depicting categorical spatial relations were used to probe for the comprehension of basic spatial concepts across distinct Representational formats (words, pictures, schemas). Focused residual analyses using voxel- based lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM) suggest that left hemisphere deficits in categorical spatial Representation are difficult to distinguish from deficits in naming such relations, and that the right hemisphere plays a special role in extracting Schematic Representations from richly textured pictures. EE555, a patient with simultagnosia, performed six similar matching tasks. On the only two tasks that did not include matching to, or from, schemas, EE555 performed at chance levels. EE555 was significantly better on schema tasks, indicating that abstract analog Representations make spatial relations visible in a manner that symbols and complex images do not. Keywords: schemas; spatial relations; vlsm; case studies Introduction Can abstract meaning be represented without language? Although it is clear that we can think about concrete concepts without language, it is difficult to know how to best characterize mental Representations of abstract concepts that are both meaningful and non-linguistic. A place to start could involve observing how abstract semantic information is intentionally transmitted without either the aid of words or rich imagery. Abstract graphics have been used to convey such meanings long before humans kept formal history. Map-like cave drawings, rendered over 6,000 years ago, appear to make use of simplified visual elements like dots, lines and rectangles to represent the abstract spatial topologies and arrangements of dwellings, paths or crops (Chippindale & Nash, 2004; Smith, 1982). Pictograms and calendars were used for communicating important, highly abstract forms of cultural information—about commercial
Alexander Kranjec - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the Schematic Representation of spatial relations evidence from group and single case lesion studies
Cognitive Science, 2011Co-Authors: Alexander Kranjec, Prin X Amorapanth, Anjan ChatterjeeAbstract:The Schematic Representation of Spatial Relations: Evidence from Group and Single-Case Lesion Studies Alexander Kranjec (akranjec@mail.med.upenn.edu) Neurology Department, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA Prin Amorapanth (amorapan@mail.med.upenn.edu) Neurology Department, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA Anjan Chatterjee (anjan@mail.med.upenn.edu) Neurology Department, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA Abstract transactions or seasonal events for example—before the advent of full-blown symbolic writing systems (Tversky, 2001). What maps, pictograms and calendars have in common is that each compacts a more complex reality into a simplified, or “boiled down” Representation that preserves something about the meaning of the thing is represents. Most generally, the term schema is used in this paper as any kind of Representation (external or cognitive) where some level of perceptual detail has been abstracted away from a complex scene or event while preserving critical aspects of its analog qualities. Schemas, as such, occupy a Representational middle-ground: more abstract than very concrete Representations of objects, but unlike truly symbolic Representations, like words, a schema preserves some of the spatial relational aspects of the thing it stands in for. The most critical aspect of schemas, as the term will be employed in the present paper, is that they occupy a theoretically intermediate position between abstract words and concrete percepts in a graded model of Representation (A Chatterjee, 2001; A. Chatterjee, 2010; Kranjec & Chatterjee, 2010). Although dissociations on concrete word and picture comprehension tasks have been reported (Saffran, Coslett, Martin, & Boronat, 2003) intermediate formats like schemas have not been thoroughly investigated. We are interested in understanding whether the brain distinguishes between paired-down, externalized depictions of spatial schemas from other information formats like words and pictures. Perhaps because schemas are simple and ubiquitous, they are easy to take for granted. We commonly use such external, or explicit schemas when we find the appropriate restroom, read a map, obey traffic signs or interpret graphs and diagrams. What makes schemas so simple to use is also what makes them so common across cultures, contexts and academic disciplines. When people produce or use Schematic figures in an explicit manner, a small set of basic spatial forms provides enough structure to convey discrete meanings. Configurations of circles and lines in space can describe complex relations among a wide array of concrete To what extent are Schematic Representations neurally distinguished from language on the one hand, and from rich perceptual Representations on the other? In a group lesion study, matching tasks depicting categorical spatial relations were used to probe for the comprehension of basic spatial concepts across distinct Representational formats (words, pictures, schemas). Focused residual analyses using voxel- based lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM) suggest that left hemisphere deficits in categorical spatial Representation are difficult to distinguish from deficits in naming such relations, and that the right hemisphere plays a special role in extracting Schematic Representations from richly textured pictures. EE555, a patient with simultagnosia, performed six similar matching tasks. On the only two tasks that did not include matching to, or from, schemas, EE555 performed at chance levels. EE555 was significantly better on schema tasks, indicating that abstract analog Representations make spatial relations visible in a manner that symbols and complex images do not. Keywords: schemas; spatial relations; vlsm; case studies Introduction Can abstract meaning be represented without language? Although it is clear that we can think about concrete concepts without language, it is difficult to know how to best characterize mental Representations of abstract concepts that are both meaningful and non-linguistic. A place to start could involve observing how abstract semantic information is intentionally transmitted without either the aid of words or rich imagery. Abstract graphics have been used to convey such meanings long before humans kept formal history. Map-like cave drawings, rendered over 6,000 years ago, appear to make use of simplified visual elements like dots, lines and rectangles to represent the abstract spatial topologies and arrangements of dwellings, paths or crops (Chippindale & Nash, 2004; Smith, 1982). Pictograms and calendars were used for communicating important, highly abstract forms of cultural information—about commercial
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CogSci - The Schematic Representation of Spatial Relations: Evidence from Group and Single-Case Lesion Studies
Cognitive Science, 2011Co-Authors: Alexander Kranjec, X. Amorapanth, Anjan ChatterjeeAbstract:The Schematic Representation of Spatial Relations: Evidence from Group and Single-Case Lesion Studies Alexander Kranjec (akranjec@mail.med.upenn.edu) Neurology Department, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA Prin Amorapanth (amorapan@mail.med.upenn.edu) Neurology Department, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA Anjan Chatterjee (anjan@mail.med.upenn.edu) Neurology Department, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA Abstract transactions or seasonal events for example—before the advent of full-blown symbolic writing systems (Tversky, 2001). What maps, pictograms and calendars have in common is that each compacts a more complex reality into a simplified, or “boiled down” Representation that preserves something about the meaning of the thing is represents. Most generally, the term schema is used in this paper as any kind of Representation (external or cognitive) where some level of perceptual detail has been abstracted away from a complex scene or event while preserving critical aspects of its analog qualities. Schemas, as such, occupy a Representational middle-ground: more abstract than very concrete Representations of objects, but unlike truly symbolic Representations, like words, a schema preserves some of the spatial relational aspects of the thing it stands in for. The most critical aspect of schemas, as the term will be employed in the present paper, is that they occupy a theoretically intermediate position between abstract words and concrete percepts in a graded model of Representation (A Chatterjee, 2001; A. Chatterjee, 2010; Kranjec & Chatterjee, 2010). Although dissociations on concrete word and picture comprehension tasks have been reported (Saffran, Coslett, Martin, & Boronat, 2003) intermediate formats like schemas have not been thoroughly investigated. We are interested in understanding whether the brain distinguishes between paired-down, externalized depictions of spatial schemas from other information formats like words and pictures. Perhaps because schemas are simple and ubiquitous, they are easy to take for granted. We commonly use such external, or explicit schemas when we find the appropriate restroom, read a map, obey traffic signs or interpret graphs and diagrams. What makes schemas so simple to use is also what makes them so common across cultures, contexts and academic disciplines. When people produce or use Schematic figures in an explicit manner, a small set of basic spatial forms provides enough structure to convey discrete meanings. Configurations of circles and lines in space can describe complex relations among a wide array of concrete To what extent are Schematic Representations neurally distinguished from language on the one hand, and from rich perceptual Representations on the other? In a group lesion study, matching tasks depicting categorical spatial relations were used to probe for the comprehension of basic spatial concepts across distinct Representational formats (words, pictures, schemas). Focused residual analyses using voxel- based lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM) suggest that left hemisphere deficits in categorical spatial Representation are difficult to distinguish from deficits in naming such relations, and that the right hemisphere plays a special role in extracting Schematic Representations from richly textured pictures. EE555, a patient with simultagnosia, performed six similar matching tasks. On the only two tasks that did not include matching to, or from, schemas, EE555 performed at chance levels. EE555 was significantly better on schema tasks, indicating that abstract analog Representations make spatial relations visible in a manner that symbols and complex images do not. Keywords: schemas; spatial relations; vlsm; case studies Introduction Can abstract meaning be represented without language? Although it is clear that we can think about concrete concepts without language, it is difficult to know how to best characterize mental Representations of abstract concepts that are both meaningful and non-linguistic. A place to start could involve observing how abstract semantic information is intentionally transmitted without either the aid of words or rich imagery. Abstract graphics have been used to convey such meanings long before humans kept formal history. Map-like cave drawings, rendered over 6,000 years ago, appear to make use of simplified visual elements like dots, lines and rectangles to represent the abstract spatial topologies and arrangements of dwellings, paths or crops (Chippindale & Nash, 2004; Smith, 1982). Pictograms and calendars were used for communicating important, highly abstract forms of cultural information—about commercial
S. Pearce - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Word completion in chronic pain: evidence for Schematic Representation of pain?
Journal of abnormal psychology, 1994Co-Authors: Lindsey C. Edwards, S. PearceAbstract:Schematic Representation of pain information was investigated in chronic pain patients, health professionals, and nonpatient controls. Under the guise of an English-language experiment, Ss were presented with 12 word stems to be completed with the first 2 English words that came to mind. Four of the stems could be completed with sensory pain words, 4 with effective, and 4 with words associated with pain or illness. All could be completed with at least 3 other nonpain words of equal or greater frequency. Results indicate that chronic pain Ss produced significantly more pain-related completions than control Ss and that in all 3 groups the types of pain words produced were related to the extent of personal experience of pain. The theoretical implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the organization of schema, implicit memory, and the activation of mental Representations of pain (schema).
Lindsey C. Edwards - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Word completion in chronic pain: evidence for Schematic Representation of pain?
Journal of abnormal psychology, 1994Co-Authors: Lindsey C. Edwards, S. PearceAbstract:Schematic Representation of pain information was investigated in chronic pain patients, health professionals, and nonpatient controls. Under the guise of an English-language experiment, Ss were presented with 12 word stems to be completed with the first 2 English words that came to mind. Four of the stems could be completed with sensory pain words, 4 with effective, and 4 with words associated with pain or illness. All could be completed with at least 3 other nonpain words of equal or greater frequency. Results indicate that chronic pain Ss produced significantly more pain-related completions than control Ss and that in all 3 groups the types of pain words produced were related to the extent of personal experience of pain. The theoretical implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the organization of schema, implicit memory, and the activation of mental Representations of pain (schema).
Sahab Dass - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of morphology and impact of the electrode/electrolyte interface on the PEC response of Fe2O3 based systems – comparison of two preparation techniques
RSC Advances, 2020Co-Authors: Kumari Asha, Vibha R. Satsangi, Rohit Shrivastav, Rama Kant, Sahab DassAbstract:Schematic Representation of comparative morphological studies conducted on Fe2O3 based systems at different pHs.
