The Experts below are selected from a list of 66 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Kenneth S Kendler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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does intra uterine growth discordance predict differential risk for Adult Psychiatric Disorder in a population based sample of monozygotic twins
Psychiatric Genetics, 2000Co-Authors: Debra L Foley, Michael C Neale, Kenneth S KendlerAbstract:: The study of discordant monozygotic twins may identify important developmental risk factors for Adult Psychiatric Disorder. Differential experience in utero is one candidate environmental risk factor that may distinguish monozygotic twins. In this report, we examine whether intra-pair differences in birth weight predicts discordance for Adult Psychiatric Disorders in 527 female monozygotic twin pairs from a population-based twin registry. Twins were personally interviewed about their lifetime history of DSM-III-R alcoholism, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, generalized anxiety Disorder, major depression, panic Disorder, social phobia and simple phobia. Birth weight was estimated from birth certificates, or from retrospective maternal, paternal and self-reports. Conditional logistic regression is used to characterize the association between intra-pair differences in birth weight and discordance for Psychiatric Disorder in monozygotic twins. The twin with the heavier birth weight in discordant pairs is (insignificantly) more likely to have a history of alcoholism or bulimia. The twin with the lighter birth weight in discordant pairs is (insignificantly) more likely to have a history of major depression, simple phobia, panic Disorder, anorexia nervosa, social phobia or generalized anxiety Disorder. For all Psychiatric Disorders examined, the lighter (or heavier) co-twin at birth is not systematically the affected twin within discordant pairs.
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childhood adversity and Adult Psychiatric Disorder in the us national comorbidity survey
Psychological Medicine, 1997Co-Authors: Ronald C Kessler, Christopher G Davis, Kenneth S KendlerAbstract:Background. Survey data are presented on the associations between retrospectively reported childhood adversities and subsequent onset and persistence of DSM-III-R Disorders.Methods. Data come from the US National Comorbidity Survey, a large survey of the US household population.Results. Twenty-six adversities were considered, including loss events (e.g. parental divorce), parental psychopathologies (e.g. maternal depression), interpersonal traumas (e.g. rape) and other adversities (e.g. natural disaster). These adversities were consistently associated with onset, but not persistence, of DSM-III-R mood Disorders, anxiety Disorders, addictive Disorders and acting out Disorders. Most bivariate associations with onset attenuated in models that controlled for clustering of adversities and for lifetime co-morbidities among Psychiatric Disorders. Multivariate effects of adversities in logistic models were additive, which means that they have multiplicative effects on probability of Disorder onset. Adversities showed little specificity. An analysis of time decay showed that the effects of childhood adversities on Disorder onset persist beyond childhood.Conclusions. The existence of strong clustering among childhood adversities and lifetime co-morbidity among Adult Disorders means that caution is needed in interpreting the results of previous single-adversity single-Disorder studies as documenting unique effects of specific childhood adversities on specific Adult Disorders. Future studies need to assess a broader range of adversities and Disorders and to explore the existence and effects of commonly occurring adversity clusters. Replication is needed to verify that the effects of childhood adversities are mostly on first onset rather than on the creation of vulnerabilities that lead to increased risk of persistence.
K Harrison - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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tattoos childhood sexual abuse and Adult Psychiatric Disorder in women
Archives of Womens Mental Health, 1998Co-Authors: Sarah E Romans, J L Martin, E M Morris, K HarrisonAbstract:Background: Tattoos in women have been described in clinical samples as being associated with psychopathology, child sexual abuse (CSA), personality problems or alcohol abuse. Method: A random community study of New Zealand women being primarily investigated to assess the coping strategies of those reporting CSA gathered information about tattoos, and indicators of different types of psychosocial problems. Results: Women with tattoos were more likely to be younger, to drink more alcohol, to have more Psychiatric symptoms and to show borderline personality features than were the non tattooed women. They were also more likely to report CSA. Conclusions: Tattoos in women are statistically linked to CSA, and to later psychopathology in some women.
Bryan Rodgers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Repeated exposure to socioeconomic disadvantage and health selection as life course pathways to mid-life depressive and anxiety Disorders
Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 2010Co-Authors: Stephen Stansfeld, Bryan Rodgers, Charlotte Clark, Tanya M. Caldwell, Chris PowerAbstract:Background Socioeconomic position (SEP) in childhood and Adulthood influences the risk of Adult Psychiatric Disorder. This paper investigates first how cumulative childhood manual SEP influences the risk for mid-life depressive and anxiety Disorders and secondly the effects of health selection based on psychological Disorder in childhood and psychological distress in early Adulthood on mid-life social position.
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behaviour and personality in childhood as predictors of Adult Psychiatric Disorder
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 1990Co-Authors: Bryan RodgersAbstract:Abstract Associations between childhood behaviour and personality and Adult affective Disorder were investigated in a 36-year follow-up of a national birth cohort. A number of early characteristics were significantly related to Adult outcome including enuresis, nail-biting, speech problems, truancy and composite indices of behaviour and personality. Continuity was not explained by factors acting independently on child and Adult measures. Prediction of Adult Disorder, although better for women, was modest in both sexes and sensitivity and specificity would not justify widespread intervention. However, childhood measures should prove valuable in investigating chains of influence on Adult Disorder, occurring throughout individuals′ life histories.
Antonia Bifulco - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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loss of parent in childhood and Adult Psychiatric Disorder a tentative overall model
Development and Psychopathology, 1990Co-Authors: Tirril Harris, George W Brown, Antonia BifulcoAbstract:Two previous reports on a female population sample in Outer London, UK, had identified certain environmental experiences–such as lack of adequate replacement care after parental loss in childhood, premarital pregnancy, and low social class and poor emotional support in Adulthood–as key factors intervening between childhood loss of parent and depression in Adulthood. A third paper introduced a measure of the cognitive set of situational helplessness-mastery which was associated, on the one hand, with current depression and, on the other, with loss of mother in childhood. This article examines the relationship between these other factors and situational helplessness both in childhood and in Adulthood. Most are highly associated with the cognitive set, but the relationship between childhood helplessness and loss of mother appears to be differentially mediated according to whether the loss was by death or separation. A series of multivariate statistical analyses aims to integrate all the findings so far reported on in this sample into a biographical model of the developmental pathways from childhood loss of mother to current depression.
Sarah E Romans - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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tattoos childhood sexual abuse and Adult Psychiatric Disorder in women
Archives of Womens Mental Health, 1998Co-Authors: Sarah E Romans, J L Martin, E M Morris, K HarrisonAbstract:Background: Tattoos in women have been described in clinical samples as being associated with psychopathology, child sexual abuse (CSA), personality problems or alcohol abuse. Method: A random community study of New Zealand women being primarily investigated to assess the coping strategies of those reporting CSA gathered information about tattoos, and indicators of different types of psychosocial problems. Results: Women with tattoos were more likely to be younger, to drink more alcohol, to have more Psychiatric symptoms and to show borderline personality features than were the non tattooed women. They were also more likely to report CSA. Conclusions: Tattoos in women are statistically linked to CSA, and to later psychopathology in some women.