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George Davey Smith - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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measuring Socioeconomic Position in health research
British Medical Bulletin, 2007Co-Authors: Bruna Galobardes, John Lynch, George Davey SmithAbstract:Objective: In this article we review different measures of Socioeconomic Position (SEP) and their uses in health-related research. Areas of agreement: Socioeconomic circumstances influence health. Areas of controversy: Generally, poorer Socioeconomic circumstances lead to poorer health. This has generated a search for generic mechanisms that could explain such a general association. However, we propose that there is a greater variation in the association between SEP and health than is generally acknowledged when specific health outcomes are investigated. We propose that studying these variations provide a better understanding of the aetiological mechanisms relating specific diseases with specific exposures. Areas to develop research: Using different indicators of SEP in health research can better capture these variations and is important when evaluating the full contribution of confounding by Socioeconomic conditions. We propose that using an array of SEP indicators within a life course framework also offers considerable opportunity to explore causal pathways in disease aetiology.
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indicators of Socioeconomic Position part 1
Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 2006Co-Authors: Bruna Galobardes, Mary Shaw, Debbie A Lawlor, John Lynch, George Davey SmithAbstract:This is the second part of a glossary on indicators of Socioeconomic Position used in health research (the first part was published in the January issue of the journal).
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early Socioeconomic Position and blood pressure in childhood and adulthood the cardiovascular risk in young finns study
Hypertension, 2006Co-Authors: Mika Kivimaki, Debbie A Lawlor, George Davey Smith, Liisa Keltikangasjarvinen, Marko Elovainio, Jussi Vahtera, Laura Pulkkiraback, Leena Taittonen, Jorma Viikari, Olli T RaitakariAbstract:Studies have found an association between low Socioeconomic Position in childhood and high adult blood pressure. It is unclear whether this association is explained by a pathway directly linking disadvantage to elevated blood pressure in childhood and adolescence, which then tracks into adulthood. We assessed parental Socioeconomic Position and systolic blood pressure in 1807 children and adolescents ages 3 to 18 years at baseline. Adult systolic blood pressure was measured 21 years later at ages 24 to 39 years. There was strong tracking of blood pressure from childhood to adulthood. Lower parental Socioeconomic Position was associated with higher blood pressure in childhood, adolescence (P<0.01), and adulthood (P<0.0001), with the mean age- and sex-adjusted systolic pressure differences between the highest and lowest Socioeconomic groups varying between 2.9 and 4.3 mm Hg. With adjustment for blood pressure in childhood and adolescence, the regression coefficient between parental Socioeconomic Position and adult blood pressure attenuated by 32%. A similar level of attenuation (28%) occurred with adjustment for adult body mass index (BMI). With adjustment for both preadult blood pressure and adult BMI, the association between parental Socioeconomic Position and adult blood pressure was attenuated by 45%. Other factors, including birth weight and BMI in childhood and adolescence, had little impact on the association between parental Socioeconomic Position and adult blood pressure. These data suggest that early Socioeconomic disadvantage influences later blood pressure in part through an effect on blood pressure in early life, which tracks into adulthood, and in part through an effect on BMI.
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adverse Socioeconomic Position across the lifecourse increases coronary heart disease risk cumulatively findings from the british women s heart and health study
Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 2005Co-Authors: Debbie A Lawlor, Shah Ebrahim, George Davey SmithAbstract:Objective: To examine the associations of childhood and adult measurements of Socioeconomic Position with coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. Methods: Cross sectional and prospective analysis of a cohort of 4286 British women who were aged 60–79 years at baseline. Among these women there were 694 prevalent cases of CHD and 182 new incident cases among 13 217 person years of follow up of women who were free of CHD at baseline. Results: All measurements of Socioeconomic Position were associated with increased prevalent and incident CHD in simple age adjusted models. There was a cumulative effect, on prevalent and incident CHD, of Socioeconomic Position across the lifecourse. This effect was not fully explained by adult CHD risk factors. The adjusted odds ratio of prevalent CHD for each additional adverse (out of 10) lifecourse Socioeconomic indicator was 1.11 (95% confidence interval: 1.06, 1.16). The magnitude of the effect of lifecourse Socioeconomic Position was the same in women who were lifelong non-smokers as in those who had been or were smokers. Conclusion: Adverse Socioeconomic Position across the lifecourse increases CHD risk cumulatively and this effect is not fully explained by adult risk factors. Specifically in this cohort of women cigarette smoking does not seem to explain the association between adverse lifecourse Socioeconomic Position and CHD risk.
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The Socioeconomic Position of employed women, risk factors and mortality
Social Science & Medicine, 2001Co-Authors: Pauline Heslop, George Davey Smith, John Macleod, Carole L. HartAbstract:Many studies have demonstrated the graded association between Socioeconomic Position and health. Few of these studies have examined the cumulative effect of Socioeconomic Position throughout the lifecourse, and even fewer have included women. Those that have explored gender differences affirm the importance of studying the factors that predict women and men's health separately. This study addresses the associations between cross-sectional and longitudinal Socioeconomic Position, risk factors for cardiovascular disease and mortality from various causes. Analyses are based on data from a cohort of working Scottish women recruited between 1970 and 1973. Five Socioeconomic measures were explored in relation to diastolic blood pressure, plasma cholesterol concentration, body mass index, forced expiratory volume in 1Â s (FEV1), amount of recreational exercise taken, cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption. In general, for each of the five measures of Socioeconomic Position, there were significant differences in at least one of the age-adjusted physiological risk factors for cardiovascular disease (diastolic blood pressure, plasma cholesterol concentration, body mass index, FEV1). There were also significant differences in the percentage of current cigarette smokers according to different measures of Socioeconomic Position, although this was not the case for the other behavioural risk factors for cardiovascular disease (amount of recreational exercise taken, and alcohol consumption). Measures of Socioeconomic Position were also examined in relation to cause of death for the women who died before 1 January 1999. After adjusting for age and risk factors, a composite measure of lifetime Socioeconomic experience was a more potent predictor of all cause mortality and mortality from cardiovascular disease than other measures of Socioeconomic Position. It therefore seems that conventional measures of Socioeconomic Position, estimated at one point in time, do not adequately capture the effects of Socioeconomic circumstances on the risk of mortality among employed women. Thus, a broader range of explanatory factors for mortality differentials than currently exists must be considered, and must include consideration of factors operating throughout the lifecourse.
Anthony J. Mcmichael - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Socioeconomic Position maternal iq home environment and cognitive development
The Journal of Pediatrics, 2007Co-Authors: Shilu Tong, Peter A Baghurst, Graham V Vimpani, Anthony J. McmichaelAbstract:Objective To assess whether Socioeconomic Position, maternal intelligence (IQ), and the home environment are inter-related to cognitive development in childhood. Study design Prospective cohort study (n = 723) with cognitive tests at ages 2, 4, 7, and 11 to 13 years. Results There were statistically significant positive associations of father’s occupational prestige, Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME) score, and maternal IQ with cognitive performance in childhood. After adjustment for confounding factors, there was an increase in cognitive development by 0.8 to 2.0, 2.9 to 4.8, and 4.2 to 9.0 points for a 10-unit increment in father’s occupational prestige, maternal IQ, and HOME score, respectively. Conclusions These results demonstrate that Socioeconomic Position, maternal IQ, and the home environment are independently and positively predictive of children’s cognitive development. These findings provide additional rationale for implementing social policies that reduce Socioeconomic inequalities.
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Socioeconomic Position maternal iq home environment and cognitive development
The Journal of Pediatrics, 2007Co-Authors: Shilu Tong, Peter A Baghurst, Graham V Vimpani, Anthony J. McmichaelAbstract:OBJECTIVE: To assess whether Socioeconomic Position, maternal intelligence (IQ), and the home environment are inter-related to cognitive development in childhood. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort study (n = 723) with cognitive tests at ages 2, 4, 7, and 11 to 13 years. RESULTS: There were statistically significant positive associations of father's occupational prestige, Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME) score, and maternal IQ with cognitive performance in childhood. After adjustment for confounding factors, there was an increase in cognitive development by 0.8 to 2.0, 2.9 to 4.8, and 4.2 to 9.0 points for a 10-unit increment in father's occupational prestige, maternal IQ, and HOME score, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that Socioeconomic Position, maternal IQ, and the home environment are independently and positively predictive of children's cognitive development. These findings provide additional rationale for implementing social policies that reduce Socioeconomic inequalities.
Girardin Jeanlouis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sleep disparity race ethnicity and Socioeconomic Position
Sleep Medicine, 2016Co-Authors: Michael A Grandner, Natasha J Williams, Kristen L Knutson, Dorothy E Roberts, Girardin JeanlouisAbstract:Sleep represents a set of biological functions necessary for the maintenance of life. Performing these functions, though, requires that an individual engage in behaviors, which are affected by social and environmental factors. Race/ethnicity and Socioeconomic Position represent categories of factors that likely play a role in the experience of sleep in the community. Previous studies have suggested that racial/ethnic minorities and the Socioeconomically disadvantaged may be more likely to experience sleep patterns that are associated with adverse health outcomes. It is possible that disparities in sleep represent a pathway by which larger disparities in health emerge. This review (1) contextualizes the concept of race/ethnicity in biomedical research, (2) summarizes previous studies that describe patterns of sleep attainment across race/ethnicity groups, (3) discusses several pathways by which race/ethnicity may be associated with sleep, (4) introduces the potential role of Socioeconomic Position in the patterning of sleep, and (5) proposes future research directions to address this issue.
Debbie A Lawlor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Indicators of Socioeconomic Position (part 2).
Journal of epidemiology and community health, 2006Co-Authors: Bruna Galobardes, Mary Shaw, Debbie A Lawlor, John W Lynch, George Davey SmithAbstract:This is the second part of a glossary on indicators of Socioeconomic Position used in health research (the first part was published in the January issue of the journal).
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indicators of Socioeconomic Position part 1
Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 2006Co-Authors: Bruna Galobardes, Mary Shaw, Debbie A Lawlor, John Lynch, George Davey SmithAbstract:This is the second part of a glossary on indicators of Socioeconomic Position used in health research (the first part was published in the January issue of the journal).
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Indicators of Socioeconomic Position (part 1).
Journal of epidemiology and community health, 2006Co-Authors: Bruna Galobardes, Mary Shaw, Debbie A Lawlor, John W Lynch, George Davey SmithAbstract:This glossary presents a comprehensive list of indicators of Socioeconomic Position used in health research. A description of what they intend to measure is given together with how data are elicited and the advantages and limitation of the indicators. The glossary is divided into two parts for journal publication but the intention is that it should be used as one piece. The second part highlights a life course approach and will be published in the next issue of the journal.
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early Socioeconomic Position and blood pressure in childhood and adulthood the cardiovascular risk in young finns study
Hypertension, 2006Co-Authors: Mika Kivimaki, Debbie A Lawlor, George Davey Smith, Liisa Keltikangasjarvinen, Marko Elovainio, Jussi Vahtera, Laura Pulkkiraback, Leena Taittonen, Jorma Viikari, Olli T RaitakariAbstract:Studies have found an association between low Socioeconomic Position in childhood and high adult blood pressure. It is unclear whether this association is explained by a pathway directly linking disadvantage to elevated blood pressure in childhood and adolescence, which then tracks into adulthood. We assessed parental Socioeconomic Position and systolic blood pressure in 1807 children and adolescents ages 3 to 18 years at baseline. Adult systolic blood pressure was measured 21 years later at ages 24 to 39 years. There was strong tracking of blood pressure from childhood to adulthood. Lower parental Socioeconomic Position was associated with higher blood pressure in childhood, adolescence (P<0.01), and adulthood (P<0.0001), with the mean age- and sex-adjusted systolic pressure differences between the highest and lowest Socioeconomic groups varying between 2.9 and 4.3 mm Hg. With adjustment for blood pressure in childhood and adolescence, the regression coefficient between parental Socioeconomic Position and adult blood pressure attenuated by 32%. A similar level of attenuation (28%) occurred with adjustment for adult body mass index (BMI). With adjustment for both preadult blood pressure and adult BMI, the association between parental Socioeconomic Position and adult blood pressure was attenuated by 45%. Other factors, including birth weight and BMI in childhood and adolescence, had little impact on the association between parental Socioeconomic Position and adult blood pressure. These data suggest that early Socioeconomic disadvantage influences later blood pressure in part through an effect on blood pressure in early life, which tracks into adulthood, and in part through an effect on BMI.
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adverse Socioeconomic Position across the lifecourse increases coronary heart disease risk cumulatively findings from the british women s heart and health study
Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 2005Co-Authors: Debbie A Lawlor, Shah Ebrahim, George Davey SmithAbstract:Objective: To examine the associations of childhood and adult measurements of Socioeconomic Position with coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. Methods: Cross sectional and prospective analysis of a cohort of 4286 British women who were aged 60–79 years at baseline. Among these women there were 694 prevalent cases of CHD and 182 new incident cases among 13 217 person years of follow up of women who were free of CHD at baseline. Results: All measurements of Socioeconomic Position were associated with increased prevalent and incident CHD in simple age adjusted models. There was a cumulative effect, on prevalent and incident CHD, of Socioeconomic Position across the lifecourse. This effect was not fully explained by adult CHD risk factors. The adjusted odds ratio of prevalent CHD for each additional adverse (out of 10) lifecourse Socioeconomic indicator was 1.11 (95% confidence interval: 1.06, 1.16). The magnitude of the effect of lifecourse Socioeconomic Position was the same in women who were lifelong non-smokers as in those who had been or were smokers. Conclusion: Adverse Socioeconomic Position across the lifecourse increases CHD risk cumulatively and this effect is not fully explained by adult risk factors. Specifically in this cohort of women cigarette smoking does not seem to explain the association between adverse lifecourse Socioeconomic Position and CHD risk.
Bruna Galobardes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Socioeconomic Position and air pollution exposure in Western Europe: A multi-city analysis
ISEE Conference Abstracts, 2016Co-Authors: Bénédicte Jacquemin, Bruna Galobardes, Sofia Temam, Emilie Burte, Martin Adam, Josep M. Antó, Xavier Basagaña, Jean Bousquet, Anne Elie Carsin, Debie JarvisAbstract:Background: Inconsistent associations between Socioeconomic Position (SEP) and air pollution have been reported in Europe. We aimed to assess association between SEP and air pollution exposure at r...
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measuring Socioeconomic Position in health research
British Medical Bulletin, 2007Co-Authors: Bruna Galobardes, John Lynch, George Davey SmithAbstract:Objective: In this article we review different measures of Socioeconomic Position (SEP) and their uses in health-related research. Areas of agreement: Socioeconomic circumstances influence health. Areas of controversy: Generally, poorer Socioeconomic circumstances lead to poorer health. This has generated a search for generic mechanisms that could explain such a general association. However, we propose that there is a greater variation in the association between SEP and health than is generally acknowledged when specific health outcomes are investigated. We propose that studying these variations provide a better understanding of the aetiological mechanisms relating specific diseases with specific exposures. Areas to develop research: Using different indicators of SEP in health research can better capture these variations and is important when evaluating the full contribution of confounding by Socioeconomic conditions. We propose that using an array of SEP indicators within a life course framework also offers considerable opportunity to explore causal pathways in disease aetiology.
-
Indicators of Socioeconomic Position (part 2).
Journal of epidemiology and community health, 2006Co-Authors: Bruna Galobardes, Mary Shaw, Debbie A Lawlor, John W Lynch, George Davey SmithAbstract:This is the second part of a glossary on indicators of Socioeconomic Position used in health research (the first part was published in the January issue of the journal).
-
indicators of Socioeconomic Position part 1
Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 2006Co-Authors: Bruna Galobardes, Mary Shaw, Debbie A Lawlor, John Lynch, George Davey SmithAbstract:This is the second part of a glossary on indicators of Socioeconomic Position used in health research (the first part was published in the January issue of the journal).
-
Indicators of Socioeconomic Position (part 1).
Journal of epidemiology and community health, 2006Co-Authors: Bruna Galobardes, Mary Shaw, Debbie A Lawlor, John W Lynch, George Davey SmithAbstract:This glossary presents a comprehensive list of indicators of Socioeconomic Position used in health research. A description of what they intend to measure is given together with how data are elicited and the advantages and limitation of the indicators. The glossary is divided into two parts for journal publication but the intention is that it should be used as one piece. The second part highlights a life course approach and will be published in the next issue of the journal.
