The Experts below are selected from a list of 297 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Itzhak Brook - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
bacteriology of chronic sinusitis and acute exacerbation of chronic sinusitis
Archives of Otolaryngology-head & Neck Surgery, 2006Co-Authors: Itzhak BrookAbstract:Objective To establish the microbiological characteristics of acute exacerbation of chronic sinusitis (AECS). Setting Academic medical center. Patients Thirty-two patients with chronic sinusitis and 30 patients with AECS. Main Outcome Measure The aerobic and anaerobic microbiology of maxillary AECS and chronic maxillary sinusitis. Results A total of 81 isolates (33 aerobic and 48 anaerobic) were recovered from the 32 cases (2.5 per specimen) with chronic sinusitis. Aerobes alone were recovered in 8 specimens (25%), anAerobes only were isolated in 11 (34%), and mixed Aerobes and anAerobes were recovered in 13 (41%). The predominant aerobic and facultative bacteria were Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus aureus . The predominant anaerobic bacteria were Peptostreptococcus subspecies, Fusobacterium subspecies, anaerobic gram-negative bacilli, and Propionibacterium acnes . Twenty-one β-lactamase–producing bacteria were recovered from 17 specimens (53%). A total of 89 isolates (40 aerobic and facultatives, and 49 anaerobic) were recovered from the 30 patients (3.0 per specimen) with AECS. Aerobes were recovered in 8 instances (27%), anAerobes only in 11 (37%), and mixed Aerobes and anAerobes were recovered in 11 (37%). The predominant Aerobes were Streptococcus pneumoniae , Enterobacteriaceae, and S aureus . The predominant anAerobes were Peptostreptococcus subspecies, Fusobacterium subspecies, anaerobic gram-negative bacilli, and P acnes . Thirty-six β-lactamase–producing bacteria were recovered from 28 specimens (53%). Conclusions This study demonstrates that the organisms isolated from patients with AECS were predominantly anaerobic and were similar to those generally recovered in patients with chronic sinusitis. However, aerobic bacteria that are usually found in acute infections (eg, S pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis ) can also emerge in some of the episodes of AECS.
-
bacteriology of acute and chronic ethmoid sinusitis
Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2005Co-Authors: Itzhak BrookAbstract:Aspirates from 26 acutely and 17 chronically infected ethmoid sinuses were studied. Thirty-seven Aerobes and 10 anAerobes were recovered from isolates from patients with acute sinusitis. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae were predominant. Twenty-seven Aerobes and 41 anAerobes were found in isolates from patients with chronic sinusitis. The predominant isolates were anaerobic gram-negative bacilli and Peptostreptococcus spp.
-
microbiology of acute and chronic maxillary sinusitis associated with an odontogenic origin
Laryngoscope, 2005Co-Authors: Itzhak BrookAbstract:Objectives: To study the microbiology of sinusitis associated with odontogenic origin. Methods: Aspirates of 20 acutely and 28 chronically infected maxillary sinuses that were associated with odontogenic infection were processed for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Results: A total of 66 isolates were recovered from the 20 cases of acute sinusitis (3.3/specimen), 16 aerobic and facultatives, and 50 anaerobic. Aerobes alone were recovered in 2 (10%) specimens, anAerobes only in 10 (50%), and mixed aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in 8 (40%). The predominant aerobic were α-hemolytic streptococci (5), microaerophilic streptococci (4), and Staphylococcus aureus (2). The predominant anAerobes were anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli (22), Peptostreptococcus (12), and Fusobacterium spp. (9). A total of 98 isolates were recovered from the 28 cases of chronic sinusitis (3.5/patient): 21 aerobic and facultatives and 77 anaerobic. Aerobes were recovered in 3 (11%) instances, anAerobes only in 11 (39%), and mixed aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in 14 (50%). The predominant Aerobes were α-hemolytic streptococci (7), microaerophilic streptococci (4), and S. aureus (5). The predominant anAerobes were Gram-negative bacilli (41), Peptostreptococcus (16), and Fusobacterium spp. (12). Thirteen β–lactamase-producing bacteria (BLPB) were recovered from 10 (50%) patients with acute sinusitis and 25 BLPB from 21 (75%) patients with chronic sinusitis. No correlation was found between the predisposing odontogenic conditions and the microbiological findings. Conclusions: These data illustrate the similar microbiology of acute and chronic maxillary sinusitis associated with odontogenic infection where anaerobic bacteria predominate in both types of infections.
-
Bacteriology of adenoids and tonsils in children with recurrent adenotonsillitis.
Annals of Otology Rhinology and Laryngology, 2001Co-Authors: Itzhak Brook, Kiran ShahAbstract:Adenoids and tonsils electively removed from 25 children with a history of recurrent group A β-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS) adenotonsillitis were cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Two hundred twenty-four organisms (112 Aerobes and facultatives, 110 anAerobes, and 2 Candida albicans) were isolated from the tonsils, and 229 (111 Aerobes and facultatives and 118 anAerobes) were isolated from the adenoids. Mixed infection was present in all instances, with an average of 9.1 isolates per specimen. The predominant Aerobes were Streptococcus sp, Haemophilus influenzae, and GABHS, and the prevalent anAerobes were Peptostreptococcus, Prevotella, and Fusobacterium spp. β-Lactamase-producing bacteria were detected in 72 isolates recovered from 22 tonsils (88%) and in 74 isolates recovered from 21 adenoids (84%). Discrepancies in the organisms recovered were found between the tonsils and adenoids. Of the aerobic isolates, 20% were isolated only in tonsils and 18% only in adenoids. Of the anAerobes, 20% w...
-
aerobic and anaerobic microbiology of surgical site infection following spinal fusion
Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 1999Co-Authors: Itzhak Brook, Edith H FrazierAbstract:The aerobic and anaerobic microbiology of surgical-site infections (SSI) following spinal fusion was retrospectively studied. This was done by reviewing the clinical and microbiological records at the Naval Hospital in Bethesda, Md., from 1980 to 1992. Aspirates of pus from 25 infection sites showed bacterial growth. Aerobic bacteria only were recovered from 9 (36%) specimens, anaerobic bacteria only were recovered from 4 (16%), and mixed aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were recovered from 12 (48%). Sixty isolates were recovered: 38 Aerobes (1.5 isolates per specimen) and 22 anAerobes (0.9 isolate per specimen). The predominant Aerobes were Escherichia coli (n = 8) and Proteus sp. (n = 7). The predominant anAerobes were Bacteroides fragilis group (n = 9) and Peptostreptococcus sp. (n = 6) isolates. An increase in recovery of E. coli and B. fragilis was noted in patients with bowel or bladder incontinence. This study highlights the polymicrobial nature of SSI and the importance of anaerobic bacteria in SSI following spinal fusion.
Li Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Aerobic prokaryotes do not have higher GC contents than anaerobic prokaryotes, but obligate aerobic prokaryotes have.
BMC Evolutionary Biology, 2019Co-Authors: S. Aslam, Zheng-lin Chen, Bo Wen Zhang, Li WangAbstract:BACKGROUND: Among the four bases, guanine is the most susceptible to damage from oxidative stress. Replication of DNA containing damaged guanines results in G to T mutations. Therefore, the mutations resulting from oxidative DNA damage are generally expected to predominantly consist of G to T (and C to A when the damaged guanine is not in the reference strand) and result in decreased GC content. However, the opposite pattern was reported 16 years ago in a study of prokaryotic genomes. Although that result has been widely cited and confirmed by nine later studies with similar methods, the omission of the effect of shared ancestry requires a re-examination of the reliability of the results. RESULTS: When aerobic and obligate aerobic prokaryotes were mixed together and anaerobic and obligate anaerobic prokaryotes were mixed together, phylogenetic controlled analyses did not detect significant difference in GC content between aerobic and anaerobic prokaryotes. This result is consistent with two generally neglected studied that had accounted for the phylogenetic relationship. However, when obligate aerobic prokaryotes were compared with aerobic prokaryotes, anaerobic prokaryotes, and obligate anaerobic prokaryotes separately using phylogenetic regression analysis, a significant positive association was observed between aerobiosis and GC content, no matter it was calculated from whole genome sequences or the 4-fold degenerate sites of protein-coding genes. Obligate Aerobes have significantly higher GC content than Aerobes, anAerobes, and obligate anAerobes. CONCLUSIONS: The positive association between aerobiosis and GC content could be attributed to a mutational force resulting from incorporation of damaged deoxyguanosine during DNA replication rather than oxidation of the guanine nucleotides within DNA sequences. Our results indicate a grade in the aerobiosis-associated mutational force, strong in obligate Aerobes, moderate in Aerobes, weak in anAerobes and obligate anAerobes.
-
Additional file 1: of Aerobic prokaryotes do not have higher GC contents than anaerobic prokaryotes, but obligate aerobic prokaryotes have
2019Co-Authors: S. Aslam, Zheng-lin Chen, Bo Wen Zhang, Li Wang, Xin-ran Lan, Deng-ke NiuAbstract:Figure S1. and Table S1.-S2. Pairwise comparisons of GC content between Aerobes + obligate Aerobes and anaerobe + obligate anAerobes. Table S3. Presence and absence of genes coding enzymes responsible 8-oxoG repairing in the aerobic and anaerobic genome studied in Fig. 1b, c, and d. (DOCX 257 kb
C O Gill - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
microbiological effects of a routine treatment for decontaminating hide on carcasses at a large beef packing plant
Journal of Food Protection, 2015Co-Authors: Xianqin Yang, M Badoni, Frances Tran, C O GillAbstract:To investigate the microbiological effects of a hide-on carcass decontaminating treatment recently implemented at a beef packing plant, carcasses undergoing routine processing at the plant were sampled during successive periods in January/February, April/May, and September/October. During each period, samples were collected from carcasses before and after the decontamination of hide-on carcasses, after skinning, before decontamination of the skinned carcasses, and at the end of the carcass dressing process. At each stage of processing during each period, samples were obtained by swabbing an area of 1,000 cm2 on each of 25 carcasses. Aerobes, coliforms, and Escherichia coli were enumerated. In most samples, coliforms were predominantly E. coli. In all three periods, the log mean numbers of Aerobes and E. coli recovered from hides before decontamination were between 6.6 and 6.8 and between 5.3 and 5.9 log CFU/1,000 cm2, respectively. The log mean numbers of Aerobes recovered from decontaminated hides were 6...
-
effects on the microbiological condition of product of decontaminating treatments routinely applied to carcasses at beef packing plants
Journal of Food Protection, 2009Co-Authors: C O GillAbstract:Reports on the microbiological effects of decontaminating treatments routinely applied to carcasses at beef packing plants indicate that washing before skinning may reduce the numbers of enteric bacteria transferred from the hide to meat. Washing skinned carcasses and/or dressed sides can reduce the numbers of Aerobes and Escherichia coli by about 1 log unit, and pasteurizing sides with steam or hot water can reduce their numbers by >1 or >2 log units, respectively. Spraying with 2% lactic acid, 2% acetic acid, or 200 ppm of peroxyacetic acid can reduce the numbers of Aerobes and E. coli by about 1 log, but such treatments can be ineffective if solutions are applied in inadequate quantities or to meat surfaces that are wet after washing. Trimming and vacuum cleaning with or without spraying with hot water may be largely ineffective for improving the microbiological conditions of carcasses. When contamination of meat during carcass dressing is well controlled and carcasses are subjected to effective decont...
-
the effects on the microbiological condition of product of carcass dressing cooling and portioning processes at a poultry packing plant
International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2006Co-Authors: C O Gill, L F Moza, M Badoni, S BarbutAbstract:Abstract The log mean numbers of Aerobes, coliforms, Escherichia coli and presumptive staphylococci plus listerias on chicken carcasses and carcass portions at various stages of processing at a poultry packing plant were estimated from the numbers of those bacteria recovered from groups of 25 randomly selected product units. The fractions of listerias in the presumptive staphylococci plus listerias groups of organisms were also estimated. Samples were obtained from carcasses by excising a strip of skin measuring approximately 5 × 2 cm 2 from a randomly selected site on each selected carcass, or by rinsing each selected carcass portion. The log mean numbers of Aerobes, coliforms, E. coli and presumptive staphylococci plus listerias on carcasses after scalding at 58 °C and plucking were about 4.4, 2.5, 2.2 and 1.4 log cfu/cm 2 , respectively. The numbers of bacteria on eviscerated carcasses were similar. After the series of operations for removing the crop, lungs, kidneys and neck, the numbers of Aerobes were about 1 log unit less than on eviscerated carcasses, but the numbers of the other bacteria were not substantially reduced. After cooling in water, the numbers of coliforms and E. coli were about 1 log unit less and the numbers of presumptive staphylococci plus listerias were about 0.5 log unit less than the numbers on dressed carcasses, but the numbers of Aerobes were not reduced. The numbers of Aerobes were 1 log unit more on boneless breasts, and 0.5 log units more on skin-on thighs and breasts that had been tumbled with brine than on cooled carcasses; and presumptive staphylococci plus listerias were 0.5 log unit more on thighs than on cooled carcasses. Otherwise the numbers of bacteria on the product were not substantially affected by processing. Listerias were 40% of the organisms were listerias.
Sydney M Finegold - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
bacteriologic findings associated with chronic bacterial maxillary sinusitis in adults
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2002Co-Authors: Sydney M Finegold, M J Flynn, F F V Rose, H R Jousimiessomer, C Jakielaszek, M Mcteague, Hannah M Wexler, Elchonon M Berkowitz, Brian WynneAbstract:: An open-label, multicenter study was performed to assess bacteriologic findings associated with chronic bacterial maxillary sinusitis in adults. Seventy aerobic (52.2%) and 64 anaerobic (47.8%) pathogens were recovered from clinically evaluable patients at baseline (before therapy). The most commonly isolated anAerobes were Prevotella species (31.1%), anaerobic streptococci (21.9%), and Fusobacterium species (15.6%). The Aerobes most frequently recovered included Streptococcus species (21.4%), Haemophilus influenzae (15.7%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15.7%), and Staphylococcus aureus and Moraxella catarrhalis (10.0% each). Recurrences of signs or symptoms of bacterial maxillary sinusitis associated with anAerobes were twice as frequent as were those associated with Aerobes when counts of anAerobes were > or =10(3) cfu/mL. A pathogenic role for Granulicatella species in cases of chronic sinusitis was documented for the first time.
-
bacteriology of skin and soft tissue infections comparison of infections in intravenous drug users and individuals with no history of intravenous drug use
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 1995Co-Authors: Paula H Summanen, D A Talan, C A Strong, Maureen Mcteague, Robert S Bennion, Jesse E Thompson, Marjaliisa Vaisanen, Gregory J Moran, M Winer, Sydney M FinegoldAbstract:The bacteriology of cutaneous or subcutaneous abscesses (86 specimens) among intravenous drug users (IVDUs) was compared with the bacteriology of abscesses (74 specimens) in patients with no history of intravenous drug use (non-IVDUs). The IVDU abscesses yielded 173 Aerobes and 131 anAerobes. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common aerobe isolated (50% of specimens yielded this isolate), followed by Streptococcus milleri (46%). The commonly encountered anAerobes were Fusobacterium nucleatum (17%), pigmented Prevotella species (22%), Peptostreptococcus micros (17%), Actinomyces odontolyticus (15%), and Veillonella species (13%). The non-IVDU isolates included 116 Aerobes and 106 anAerobes. S. aureus was isolated from 53% ofthese specimens, followed by coagulase-negative staphylococci (19%), S. milleri (19%), and Streptococcus pyogenes (16%). The main groups of anAerobes were Peptostreptococcus species (35%), Bacteroides species (19%), and gram-positive bacilli (31%). Overall, 67% of the IVDU isolates were of oral origin, compared with 25% of the non-IVDU isolates. Of the specimens from IVDUs and non-IVDUs, 48% and 67%, respectively, yielded only Aerobes, and 2% and 4%, respectively, yielded only anAerobes. Sixty-four percent of the patients had one or more β-lactamase-producing organisms.
S. Aslam - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Aerobic prokaryotes do not have higher GC contents than anaerobic prokaryotes, but obligate aerobic prokaryotes have.
BMC Evolutionary Biology, 2019Co-Authors: S. Aslam, Zheng-lin Chen, Bo Wen Zhang, Li WangAbstract:BACKGROUND: Among the four bases, guanine is the most susceptible to damage from oxidative stress. Replication of DNA containing damaged guanines results in G to T mutations. Therefore, the mutations resulting from oxidative DNA damage are generally expected to predominantly consist of G to T (and C to A when the damaged guanine is not in the reference strand) and result in decreased GC content. However, the opposite pattern was reported 16 years ago in a study of prokaryotic genomes. Although that result has been widely cited and confirmed by nine later studies with similar methods, the omission of the effect of shared ancestry requires a re-examination of the reliability of the results. RESULTS: When aerobic and obligate aerobic prokaryotes were mixed together and anaerobic and obligate anaerobic prokaryotes were mixed together, phylogenetic controlled analyses did not detect significant difference in GC content between aerobic and anaerobic prokaryotes. This result is consistent with two generally neglected studied that had accounted for the phylogenetic relationship. However, when obligate aerobic prokaryotes were compared with aerobic prokaryotes, anaerobic prokaryotes, and obligate anaerobic prokaryotes separately using phylogenetic regression analysis, a significant positive association was observed between aerobiosis and GC content, no matter it was calculated from whole genome sequences or the 4-fold degenerate sites of protein-coding genes. Obligate Aerobes have significantly higher GC content than Aerobes, anAerobes, and obligate anAerobes. CONCLUSIONS: The positive association between aerobiosis and GC content could be attributed to a mutational force resulting from incorporation of damaged deoxyguanosine during DNA replication rather than oxidation of the guanine nucleotides within DNA sequences. Our results indicate a grade in the aerobiosis-associated mutational force, strong in obligate Aerobes, moderate in Aerobes, weak in anAerobes and obligate anAerobes.
-
Additional file 1: of Aerobic prokaryotes do not have higher GC contents than anaerobic prokaryotes, but obligate aerobic prokaryotes have
2019Co-Authors: S. Aslam, Zheng-lin Chen, Bo Wen Zhang, Li Wang, Xin-ran Lan, Deng-ke NiuAbstract:Figure S1. and Table S1.-S2. Pairwise comparisons of GC content between Aerobes + obligate Aerobes and anaerobe + obligate anAerobes. Table S3. Presence and absence of genes coding enzymes responsible 8-oxoG repairing in the aerobic and anaerobic genome studied in Fig. 1b, c, and d. (DOCX 257 kb